Orientador: Roberto Carlos Burini / Banca: Valdemar Pereira de Pinho / Banca: Aguinaldo Gonçalves / Resumo: Epidemiologicamente, os níveis de atividade física relacionam-se inversamente com morbidade e mortalidade por doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Fatores ambientais e comportamentais modulam a prevalência do sedentarismo, estado em que se enquadra grande parte da população brasileira. O objetivo do presente estudo foi diagnosticar os determinantes do nível de atividade física de amostra populacional em Estratégia de Saúde da Família (Rubião Jr., Botucatu-SP). Foram avaliados 394 adultos (21,8%) que procuraram a unidade no período de março/2006 a setembro/2007. Após triagem médica e formalização ética, participaram de entrevista com profissionais e forneceram dados demográficos, socioeconômicos e respostas aos questionários de atividade física cotidiana (IPAQ, versão 8, forma longa) e habitual (Baecke) e submeteram-se às avaliações de peso, estatura, cálculo índice de massa corporal (IMC- kg/m2) e circunferência abdominal (CA), de flexibilidade de tronco (FLEX - banco de Wells) e de força de preensão manual (FPM - dinamometria). Numa subamostra de 31 indivíduos avaliaram-se o número de passos em atividade física de lazer (AFL - pedômetros), capacidades funcional (TC6 - teste caminhada de seis minutos) e cardiorrespiratória (VO2máx.- protocolo de Balke). Para análise estatística usou-se análise de variância, de componentes principais e fatorial, teste de Tukey, "t" (Student), correlação (Spearman) e regressão logística no programa SAS for Windows (9.1) com p< 0,05. A amostra foi predominantemente feminina (70,8%), de indivíduos com menos de 60 anos (69,3%), casados (67,7%), com primeiro grau incompleto (77,1%), renda familiar até dois salários mínimos (59,4%) e percepção de saúde regular/ruim (66%). Sobrepeso, obesidade e hiperadiposidade abdominal atingiram respectivamente, 38,8%, 38,5% e 65,9% da amostra. A inaptidão física foi maior na FLEX (77,2%) do que na FPM (48,4%). / Abstract: Physical inactivity is related to morbidity and mortality and predominates at most of this country adult population. Environmental and behavioral components are major leading factors to physical inactivity. This study aimed to discriminate the importance of demographic, socioeconomic, anthropometric and physical capacity factors on physical activity levels in a population assisted in a Health-Family Public Strategy (HFS). The sample included 394 adults (≥ 35 years-old - 21.8% of universe) that looked for the HFS (Rubião Jr., Botucatu, SP) during the March/2006-September/2007 period and were in accordance with the ethical requirements as well as physically capable for physical exercises. They were interviewed face to face by a physical educator and answered questions regarding demographic, socioeconomic and physical activity recent (IPAQ 8, long form) and habitual (Baecke score) activities subjects. Additionally, they were all assessed anthropometrically for body weight (BW) and height (H), body mass index (BMI) calculation (kg/m2) and waist circumference (WC). The physical capacity evaluation included trunk flexibility (FLEX - Wells bench), handgrip strength (HGS- dynamometry) and, in a sub-sample of 31 subjects, the 60-minute walking steps (AFL - pedometers), six-minute walking test (6MWT - GPS accelerometers) and cardiorrespiratory index in an electrical treadmill (VO2max. - Balke protocol). The statistical analysis (p<0.05) included ANOVA, main components and factorial, Tukey or "t" (Student) tests, correlation (Spearman) and logistic regression between variables using SAS for Windows (9.1) program. The studied sample was predominantly female subjects (70.8%), aging less than 60 yrs-old (69.3%), married (67.7%), with unaccomplished first educational grade (77.1%), family income lower than two-minimal salaries (2MS - 59.4%) and self-reported health status as poor/regular (66%). Overweight (38.8%) and obesity (38.5%). / Mestre

This study dealt with the effect of low-level noise and high-level noise, of white noise and varied noise, and of high manifest anxiety and low manifest anxiety on college students' performance on a coding task. The conclusions of the study, based upon the hypotheses, were as follows: 1. Level of anxiety does not affect performance on a coding task. 2. The level of white and level of varied noise does not affect performance on a coding task. 3. Varied noise has a positive effect on performance on a coding task.

Title: Photoconductivity, photoluminescence and charge collection in semiinsulating CdTe and CdZnTe Author: Jakub Zázvorka Department: Institute of Physics of Charles University Supervisor of the doctoral thesis: prof. Ing. Jan Franc, DrSc., Institute of Physics of Charles University. Abstract: Cadmium telluride and its compounds with zinc are the material of choice in spectroscopic room temperature high energy radiation detectors. The development of the final device is influenced by many parameters, including material impurities and defects, homogeneity and surface preparation. This thesis offers a comprehensive investigation of the detector fabrication process and of the parameters and physical effects influencing the spectroscopic resolution and performance of the detector. Structure of deep levels is investigated through photoluminescence and correlated with other electro-optical measurements dealing with the impact of structural imperfections of the material and their effect. The influence of resistivity and photoconductivity homogeneity on the detector performance is studied through electrical measurement of the charge carrier transport and charge collection of the sample. Obtained results are explained using the Fermi level shift theory and confronted with a theoretical model and calculations. The...

The presence in state standards of the Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: Cognitive Domain (referred to Bloom 1 in this study) and A Taxonomy of Learning, Teaching, and Assessing (referred to as Bloom 2 in this study) was examined in this qualitative investigation. Standards for the English language arts eighth grade curriculum were chosen for examination in order to maximize the opportunity for all Bloom levels to appear; all states have language arts standards and eighth grade is the highest grade level at which NCLB testing is mandated. The standards documents of the 36 stated that have language arts standards unique to eighth grade comprised the analyzed data source and were accessed from state education websites. Descriptive narrations of cognitive levels, benchmarks, indicators, strands, sub-strands, writers of the standards, and any and all references to Bloom 1 and Bloom 2 were investigated. Inter-coder reliability was calculated to address the major research question regarding the clarity of reference to cognitive level of the standards. The qualitative content analysis research methodology chosen to answer the study's research questions culminated in the emergence of four major themes. 1) The extent to which the state standards were classifiable according to Bloom 1 or Bloom 2 depended largely upon consonance in assumptions made by the coders regarding a presumed conditions component for the standards; state standards lack condition components specifying what learners are presented with or have access to at the time the competency stated in the standard is demonstrated. 2) Eighth grade English language arts state standards incorporate cognitive learning levels of Bloom 1 and/or Bloom 2 through the range of Bloom levels. The verb "use" was noted as the most frequent taxonomic verb appearing in the standards. 3) Only five states directly referenced Bloom 1 or Bloom 2 in the documents' introduction/overview, table of contents, document guides, acknowledgements, appendices, and/or bibliography. 4) Of the 2,566 standard statements examined, 96 percent appear to be above the lowest Bloom 1 (Knowledge) and Bloom 2 (Remember) level, employing the researcher's assumed condition component. Overall, results showed that while some states incorporate Bloom 1 and/or Bloom 2, a majority of the standards appear to be written in the lower levels of the Bloom taxonomies. The researcher suggested strategies such as collaboration, consulting, training, and surveying students, parents, teachers, administrators, state committees, and agencies on knowledge of and inclusion of the Bloom taxonomic frameworks in order to improve the clarity of the intended cognitive levels set by the state standards.

The purpose of this study was to assess attitudes toward sexting, subjective norms toward sexting, self-esteem levels, sexting behavioral intentions, and sexting behaviors (i.e. sending, posting, or sharing/forwarding sexually suggestive messages, nude/semi-nude pictures/videos, or both) among selected undergraduate students and also to determine relationships among attitudes toward sexting, subjective norms toward sexting, self-esteem levels, sexting behavioral intentions, and sexting behaviors. Results of this study showed statistically significant differences in sexting behaviors among demographic variables gender, current relationship status, lifetime sexual partners and current sexual partners. Nearly 700 (n=697) surveys were completed from selected undergraduate students during the spring semester of 2011. According to the findings, there was statistically significant positive relationship between attitudes toward sexting, subjective norms toward sexting, sexting behavioral intentions, and sexting behaviors. Also, attitudes toward sexting, subjective norms toward sexting, and sexting behavioral intentions were found to predict lifetime sexting behaviors, with behavioral intentions as the strongest predictor sexting behaviors. For non-sexters, there was statistically significant positive relationship between attitudes toward sexting, subjective norms toward sexting, and sexting behavioral intentions. Attitudes and subjective norms toward sexting are both found to be predictors of behavioral intentions to sext for lifetime and current non-sexters, with attitudes toward sexting being the strongest predictor of sexting behavioral intentions. Future research on sexting should go even further in depth to help explain reasons for sexting as well as reasons for not sexting. Also, future research should explore the benefits of sexting among consensual adults, paying particular attention to how sexting is used for sexual communication and sexual assertiveness. Recommendations for the profession of health education and health educators focused on preventing negative consequences of underage sexting, and promoting the benefits of sexting among consenting adults in relationships with mutual respect for each other.

Developing personalized cancer therapies based on cancer genomics methodologies forms the basis for future cancer therapeutics. A genomics platform was developed based on canine cancer to produce a proof-of-concept for personalized genomics led therapeutic choices but also developing personalized therapeutics for canine cancer patients themselves. The platform identified the genetic state of a canine cancer patient within two drugable pathways; p53 and HSP90/IRF1. The former gene was wild-type p53 thus directing the use of p53 activating molecules. The latter mutations in both HSP90 and IRF1 suggested an investigation into HSP90 and interferon signalling molecules as drug leads. Drugs that target both of these pathways were subsequently used to measure drug effects in cell line models but also to identify novel biomarkers of drug responses. My study focused on the effect of the HSP90-inhibitor Ganetespib had on its client proteins, particularly IRF-1. Briefly my results indicated the following:(i) Ganetespib downregulated IRF-1 protein levels in A375 cell lines and this attenuation was not mediated by either MDM2 or CHIP (E3 ligase). IFNγ- induced IRF-1 was also observed to be downregulated when Ganetespib was used in combination therapy.(ii) Insitu proximity ligation assay showed induced HSC70 upregulation upon HSP90 inhibition by Ganetespib and HSC70/MDM2 complexes were seen to be stabilized compared to the usage of MDM2/p53 inhibitor-nutlin. I hypothesize that MDM2/HSC70 complex might chaperon IRF-1 into lysosome for degradation via chaperon mediated autophagy pathway. (iii) My results also indicate that Ganetespib can downregulate IFN γ- induced PDL-1 expression in melanoma cell lines. Pre-sensitizing the cells with Ganetespib prior to the addition of IFNγ could attenuate PDL-1 to basal levels. (iv) My results also showed that the downregulation of PDL-1 by Ganetespib is an IRF-1 dependent mechanism. Therefore, my results suggest that HSP90 represents an important emerging target for cancer therapy because its inactivation results in the simultaneous blockade of multiple signalling pathways and can also sensitize tumor cells to other anticancer agents. Targeting HSP90 could also help to disrupt PD1/PDL- 1 interaction and activate immune system to recognise tumor cells. I conclude that HSP90 and IRF-1 play a critical role in types II interferon pathways and these findings establish a novel basis for the design of future Ganetespib-based combinatorial approaches to improve patient outcomes in this disease. These approaches finally demonstrate that cancer genomics can stratify choice of cancer drugs used on patients but also provide evidence that cancer patient samples can be used for the specific stratification of cancer drug choice based on cancer genomics data.

Delirium is a severe neuropsychiatric syndrome, characterised by the acute onset of inattention, altered level of arousal, and other mental status abnormalities. Delirium is extremely common in acute stroke, affecting at least 1 in 5 such patients admitted to hospital. It is a serious complication of stroke, being associated with higher mortality, longer length of hospital stay and higher dependency at discharge. The pathophysiology of delirium is not completely understood, and there are no specific treatments. This thesis investigated the role of cortisol in the development of delirium after stroke and also investigated the role of delirium and of cortisol in the development of cognitive impairment in the 12 months after stroke. The thesis specifically investigated whether levels of cortisol in saliva are elevated in delirium and also whether there is a loss of the normal diurnal rhythm in delirium, evidenced by elevated afternoon salivary cortisol levels and reduced morning level to afternoon level ratio. The thesis also investigated whether cortisol levels are persistently elevated in the year after stroke in those who developed delirium and whether cortisol levels are associated with cognitive decline. Finally it investigated whether acute and/or chronic changes seen on Computed Tomography (CT) brain scans taken around the time of stroke onset are associated with the development of delirium after stroke A longitudinal cohort study was conducted in 95 participants aged 60 years or over, who were admitted to hospital with a clinically confirmed stroke. Participants gave informed consent, or proxy consent was obtained if they lacked capacity to consent. At baseline participants underwent brief cognitive testing and were then assessed for the presence of delirium, using DSM IV criteria, at regular intervals during the first two weeks after stroke. At each assessment a saliva sample was collected in the morning and in the afternoon, to measure cortisol. Participants were then visited at 1 month, 4 months and 12 months after stroke onset, at which point they were assessed for the presence of delirium, further saliva samples were taken and a cognitive test battery was completed. 26 (27%) participants developed delirium during the course of the study period. The study found elevated salivary cortisol levels in those with delirium at up to 4 months after stroke, but at 12 months there was no difference between the delirium and no delirium group. A loss of the diurnal rhythm was seen in those who developed delirium at 5 days after stroke, but the diurnal variation had returned to a normal pattern at follow-up. However, in a multivariate analysis, controlling for age, sex, stroke severity (NIHSS), current illness burden (APACHE II), chronic illness burden (CCI) and prior cognitive impairment (IQCODE), neither median salivary cortisol levels in the first two weeks after stroke, nor the ratio of morning to afternoon cortisol levels were independent predictors of delirium diagnosis, although median 9am cortisol approached significance (OR=0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.89-1.01, p=0.08). In a random effects logistic regression analysis, the probability of developing delirium decreased over time from stroke onset and increased per unit increase in salivary cortisol (nmol/L), however this effect was not statistically significant (OR 1.02, CI 0.84-1.19 P=0.70 for morning cortisol and OR 1.05, CI 0.82-1.25 p=0.46 for afternoon cortisol). Global cognition, measured by the MoCA, was significantly poorer in the delirium group at each time point throughout the 12 months after stroke. However, there was a trend towards improvement in MoCA scores in the whole cohort throughout the 12 month follow-up, with the exception of those who developed the most severe delirium. The presence of delirium at any point during the 12 month follow-up did not affect the rate of change of the MoCA scores over the 12 months after stroke. The presence of brain atrophy identified on admission CT brain scans was independently associated with delirium (OR 3.7, CI 1.15-11.88, p=0.02), however the presence of a visible acute or chronic stroke lesion and the presence of white matter lesions were not. Finally, those who developed delirium had a worse functional outcome, longer length of hospital stay and were more likely to require institutional care or a package of care at home, compared with those who did not develop delirium. This thesis has contributed to our understanding of the mechanisms and phenomenology of delirium after stroke, and has also highlighted areas for further research which will be required to unpick the complex pathophysiology of delirium.

Masters of Science / Background: Infection with HIV results in gradual loss of immunologic functions, especially those mediated by CD4+T helper cells with consequent impairment of the immune response leading to severe manifestations of periodontal disease. The lower the CD4+T lymphocyte cell count or the higher the level of immunosuppression, the higher the incidence of periodontal disease in those patients will be. Putative periodontopathic bacteria namely Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia, commonly referred to as "red complex", and many other bacterial species have been implicated in the initiation and progression of periodontal disease. Objective: The present study tests the association between different CD4+T lymphocyte levels and "red complex" pathogens using BANA, in HIV-positive patients with chronic inflammatory periodontal disease (CIPD). Methods: 120 HIV-positive patients from the infectious disease clinic at Tygerberg hospital participated in the study with a mean age of 33.3 years. The CD4+T lymphocyte counts were obtained from patient's medical records. The six Ramjford teeth were used for evaluating periodontal clinical parameters such as plaque index, gingival index, periodontal probing depth and clinical attachment loss. Subgingival plaque samples were collected and analyzed by the enzymatic BANA test for the detection of the "red complex". Results: The CD4+T lymphocyte mean level was 293.43cells/mm3. Statistically significant associations were found between CD4+T cell counts and probing depth (p= 0.0434) and clinical attachment loss (p= 0.0268). Significant associations were found between BANA with all the clinical indices (p= <0.05). However no association was found between CD4+T cell counts and BANA. Conclusion: HIV-positive patients show a high prevalence of "red complex" pathogens subgingivally. Immunosuppression seems to favour the colonization of these species, resulting in periodontal disease manifestations.

Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-07-30T15:09:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GUTEMBERG GONÇALVES DA SILVA - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGECA) 2016.pdf: 3435279 bytes, checksum: dbeee65ecc9e87071e6bd52e090b564d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-30T15:09:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GUTEMBERG GONÇALVES DA SILVA - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGECA) 2016.pdf: 3435279 bytes, checksum: dbeee65ecc9e87071e6bd52e090b564d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-15 / Pesquisas em pavimentação têm buscado alternativas para reduzir o consumo de combustíveis e a emissão de gases causadores do efeito estufa gerados pelas misturas asfálticas convencionais. A redução das temperaturas de usinagem e compactação de misturas asfálticas é considerada uma alternativa na produção de revestimentos asfálticos capaz de proporcionar vantagens técnicas, econômicas e ambientais. Denominadas misturas mornas, várias tecnologias são utilizadas para a sua produção. Estas são capazes de diminuir as temperaturas de usinagem e compactação das misturas asfálticas sem alterar suas características. Dentro deste contexto esta pesquisa realilizou um estudo comparativo de 4 aditivos: CCBit, Cera de carnaúba, óleo de girassol e óleo de moringa utilizando teores de 1,0%;1,5%;2,0% e 2,5% visando o estudo de suas propriedades reológicas e análise da potencialidade na produção de misturas mornas. Foi observado que todos os aditivos utilizados obtiveram redução na temperatura de compactação e usinagem destacando-se o óleo de moringa que obteve uma redução de 18,3°C. Quando tratamos do melhoramento da qualidade da mistura asfáltica o CCBit ganha destaque pois por sua vez obteve um aumento em seu módulo complexo (G*) aumentando assim a resistência do material. Quando analisados os resultados de forma geral pode-se afirmar que o CCBit e a cera de carnaúba promovem aumento na resistência do ligante enquanto que os óleos indicam perda de resistência com um aumento de sua trabalhabilidade sendo todas opções viáveis de misturas mornas dependendo do local de aplicação. / Pavement researches have been looking for alternatives to reduce fuel consumption and gas emission that cause the greenhouse effect generated by the conventional asphaltic mixes. The reduction of the machining and compaction temperature of asphalt mixes is considered an alternative in production of asphaltic coatings able to provide technical, economic and environmental benefits. Named warm mixes, several technologies are used in their production. They are capable of decreasing the machining and compaction temperatures of the asphaltic mixes without altering its characteristics. In this perspective this research performed a comparative study of 4 additives: CCBit, carnauba wax, sunflower oil and ben tree oil using levels of 1,0%; 1,5%; 2,0%; and 2,5%, intending the study of its rheological properties and analysis of the potentiality in production of warm mixes. It was observed that every additive that was used obtained temperature decrease in compaction and machining especially ben tree oil that obtained a decrease of 18,3ºC. When the purpose is the quality improvement of the asphaltic mix the CCBit stands out because it obtained an increase of its complex module (G*) therefore also increasing the matter resistance. When the results are analyzed in a general way it’s possible to affirm that the CCBit and the carnauba wax stimulate increase of the binder resistance while the oils indicate loss of resistance with increase of its workability, consequently all of them are viable options of warm mixes depending on its appliance site.

The aim of this research is to investigate intellectual development of a group of Black mineworkers on a South African gold mine, in the light of their exposure to a technical industrial environment. The research was conducted within a Piagetian framework and attempts to establish:- 1. A conceptual profile which would highlight the subject's conceptual abilities in relation to job skill requirements. 2. An empirical analysis of combined Behavioural and 3. Explanatory responses to support the hypothesis that experienced Black mineworkers should perform better on the diagnostic battery than novices: the main reason for this being the contention that conceptual development is facilitated by cognitive adaptation to the demands of a selectively different technological environment. Whether the battery of Piagetian conservation tasks could be evaluated for use as conservation scales with sound statistical properties. A random sample of fifty six Black mine workers was realised and their performance indicated that:- a ) The concept of Force is not actively developed by mining. b) There was no significant difference in the performance of Novice and Experienced subjects. c) The diagnostic battery in its present form is inadequate and would have to undergo some relative modifications. d) Conceptual profiles showed that concept areas tapped were not developed past the stage of Concrete operations, and that in some instances subjects did not conserve concepts which are relevant to the occupation they were selected for on the Classification Test Battery. e) Piagetian methodology could only be selectively applied to the mining industry for purposes of selection and placement. f) Conservation scales were not realised because of anomalies found in the composition of sub-concepts in the battery. / KMBT_363 / Adobe Acrobat 9.53 Paper Capture Plug-in