Le romantisme français est hanté par la fête de nuit, thème obsédant qui s’incarne dans les productions poétiques, dramatiques et narratives, majeures comme mineures, dès les libations de Smarra ou les Démons de la nuit de Charles Nodier. À partir de ce constat, cette thèse déploie et analyse le choix du cadre nocturne pour écrire la fête entre 1821 et 1856. L’étude du motif permet de rouvrir l’analyse de la nuit romantique pour montrer que ce thème livre, non pas une, mais plusieurs poétiques dont certaines se révèlent ancrées dans la modernité. La fête de nuit intègre tout d’abord l’imaginaire nocturne « traditionnel » du romantisme, lui-même hérité de représentations anciennes de la nuit, noire et claire. Or, ces nuits fantastiques, oniriques et lyriques ne sont pas toutes les nuits romantiques. Alors que la première moitié du XIXe siècle invente la nuit blanche, la littérature se fait la chambre d’échos bruyante de nuits parisiennes agitées, reflets d’une époque qui annonce les mythes de la ville-lumière et de la fête impériale. Ces images, qui circulent entre « littérature panoramique » et corpus romantique, trahissent la passion du siècle pour le spectaculaire. La fête de nuit transforme le quotidien en spectacle. Les fictions esquissent en outre des types de la fête de nuit parisienne souvent proches de la figure de l’auteur romantique, habituellement présenté comme un mélancolique solitaire. Porteuse de contrastes entre lumière et nuit, vie et mort, la fête de nuit apparaît finalement comme une posture existentielle et scripturaire adoptée par l’homme romantique qui entend se révolter contre la nuit noire, avec les feux et les fantaisies de la nuit blanche. / As a writing pattern, night feasts haunt French Romanticism since Nodier’s Smarra ou les Démons de la nuit (1821). The motif appears in poetic, dramatic and narrative works, in major as well as in minor productions. This thesis answers the following question : why is the night the place to write feasts in French Romanticism, between 1821 and 1856 ? In this way, this dissertation reopens the analysis of the Romantic night and shows that this theme provides not once but various poetics, some of them announcing modernity. Certainly, night feasts are part of a Romantic “classical” nocturnal imagination, inherited from ancient traditions. But fantastic, dreamlike and lyrical hues are not the only colors of the Romantic nights. In fact, thanks to the invention of night life in the early 19th century, Romantic works reflect restless Parisian nights, during a period which discovers night leisure activities, forecasting the myth of City of Light and the entertainment’s industry blooming during the Second Empire area. The images of the night feast, which circulate between “panoramic literature” and Romantic literature, reveal the century’s burning passion for sight. These nocturnal festivities transform everyday life into a show. Furthermore, fictions are brimming with archetypal characters inhabiting the Parisian festive nights, themselves often suggestive of the Romantic figure of the author, usually depicted as a melancholic loner. Based on contrasts, between light and darkness, life and death, the night feast is also an existential and creative pattern for Romantic authors who are using the night life and their lights as a way to rise up against the dark night.

Interrogating Virginia Woolf and the British Suffrage Movement Gwen Trowbridge Anderson ABSTRACT Much has been written about Virginia Woolf's involvement with feminism and women's rights, but there has been far less exploration about her ties to suffrage. Many of her friends and family are involved in this exploration: Vanessa Stephen Bell, Ethel Smyth, and the Pankhursts (Emmeline, Sylvia, and Cristobel). Other important figures who are relevant to Woolf's work are Sonia Delaunay, Lewis Carroll, and Edmund Spenser. Important concepts like the New Woman, the suffrage movement, feminism, and women's rights are vital to understanding Woolf's involvement with suffrage. This dissertation examines how Woolf used certain descriptive imagery, specifically, suffrage tricolors, rooms, bridges, pillar-boxes, and water as signposts, which subversively point to suffrage and women's rights. Her literary techniques are foregrounded to reveal how involved Woolf was in the suffrage movement and that she showed this involvement in obvious and subtle ways. I uncover suffrage and feminist clues in three of her early novels Night and Day, Jacob's Room, and The Years and compare her use of women's rights in her nonfiction works, A Room of One's Own and Three Guineas. A close analysis of her early writing clearly proves that Virginia Woolf had a plan from the beginning and a prescient view to her thinking about the suffrage movement.

Night eating syndrome (NES) is characterized by excessive evening and/or nocturnal eating episodes. Studies indicate an attentional bias towards food in other eating disorders. For NES, however, evidence of attentional food processing is lacking. Attention towards food and non-food stimuli was compared using eye-tracking in 19 participants with NES and 19 matched controls without eating disorders during a free exploration paradigm and a visual search task. In the free exploration paradigm, groups did not differ in initial fixation position or gaze duration. However, a significant orienting bias to food compared to non-food was found within the NES group, but not in controls. A significant attentional maintenance bias to non-food compared to food was found in both groups. Detection times did not differ between groups in the search task. Only in NES, attention to and faster detection of non-food stimuli were related to higher BMI and more evening eating episodes. The results might indicate an attentional approach-avoidance pattern towards food in NES. However, further studies should clarify the implications of attentional mechanisms for the etiology and maintenance of NES.

The purpose of this thesis is to design the sets and costumes for William Shakespeare's Twelfth Night or What You Will adapting to the sixteenth century Italian commedia dell' arte style.

This diploma thesis in architecture is a book composed of a combination of embedded anthropological documentation and creative fiction, written with help from Virginia Woolf and Marcel Proust. It is a story built up, fragment by fragment, that describesregular visits to the Girls Night events at a Youth Centre in Fittja, in Northern Botkyrka, south of Stockholm, where the author went to meet and spend time with a group of local girls on Thursday evenings in the Spring of 2015. Ungdomens Hus is a Youth Centre in Fittja for locals between the ages of 15 to 22. Many boys come and play games here, including pool, ping-pong, video games, the Turkish game Okey, boxing, they also watch TV and generally hang out. The ability for girls to occupy this room, on the other hand, tends to be reduced to three hours a week, when the room becomes a space for the girls alone: A room of their own. On Thursday evenings Rädda Barnen and the municipality Botkyrka arrange the Girls Nights in the Youth Centre in Fittja. This forum is open for all girls between the ages of 15 to 20 years old who live in Northern Botkyrka. The Girls Nights exists to make it possible for young women to make their presence visible, and for them to be able to take space at the Youth Centre, developing their courage to take place in other public spaces and in the context of contemporary society more generally. / Detta examensarbete i arkitektur är en bok som fått sin form från en kombination av antropologisk dokumentation och fiktion, skriven med hjälp från Virginia Woolf och Marcel Proust. Historien byggs upp fragmentariskt och beskriver regelbundna besök på Tjejforum på en ungdomsgård i Fittja, Norra Botkyrka, Stockholm, där författaren mötte och spenderade tid med en grupp tjejer på torsdagskvällar under våren 2015. Ungdomens Hus är en ungdomsgård i Fittja för ungdomar (15-22 år) i området Norra Botkyrka. Många killar går dit. De spelar biljard, pingis, tevespel, okey, boxas, tittar på teve och umgås rent allmänt. Möjligheten för tjejer att ta plats i detta rum, å andra sidan, tenderar att reduceras till tre timmar per vecka då Ungdomens Hus förvandlas till ett rum för bara tjejer: deras eget rum. På torsdagskvällar anordnar Rädda Barnen tillsammans med Botkyrka kommun Tjejforum på Ungdomens Hus i Fittja. Verksamheten är öppen för alla tjejer (15-20 år) i Norra Botkyrka. Tjejforum finns för att unga kvinnor i Norra Botkyrka ska få synas och ta plats på Ungdomens Hus, i andra offentliga rum och i hela vårt samhälle.

Sammanfattning Bakgrund: Undersköterskor är en stor yrkesgrupp men många är sjukskrivna, ofta relaterat till stress. Att arbeta natt, vilket många undersköterskor gör, är ytterligare en faktor som kan ge upphov till arbetsrelaterad stress. Nattarbetet medför även andra hälsorisker, exempelvis depression, övervikt och kardiovaskulära sjukdomar. Få studier går att finna gällande undersköterskor och nattarbete. Syftet: Syftet var att undersöka hur nattarbetande undersköterskor upplever nattarbetet och på vilket sätt nattarbetet påverkar deras hälsa. Metod: Studien är en kvalitativ intervjustudie med en induktiv ansats. För rekrytering av deltagare användes snöbollsprincipen. Deltagarna intervjuades via telefon och spelades in. Datamaterialet bearbetades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys.  Resultat: Undersköterskorna upplevde att det var lugnare att jobba nattpass än dag – och kvällspass. Det var extra viktigt med bra samarbete. Nattarbetet var skört när någonting extra, akut, inträffade. De upplevde att de fick försämrad sömn och blev trötta av att arbeta natt. De åt på ett annat sätt än om de enbart arbetade dag- eller kvällspass. Något som ansågs som positivt var att nattarbetet kunde bidra till längre ledigheter vilket uppfattades öka livskvaliteten. Slutsats: De flesta undersköterskor upplevde nattarbetet positivt trots att det påverkade deras hälsa negativt. Fler nattarbetande undersköterskor behövs. Kunskap om undersköterskors sömn och matvanor i förhållande till nattarbete, samt hur nattarbetande undersköterskor upplever sin arbetsmiljö, är viktigt för att motivera förebyggande åtgärder i form av exempelvis medicinska kontroller och utbildning. / Abstract Background: Many assistant nurses are on sick leave due to stress. Some need to work at night, which can be a stress factor. Night shift workers also tend to have problems with obesity and depression. There are few studies about assistant nurses and night shift work. Aim: The aim was to investigate how assistant nurses experience night work and their health. Method: A qualitative interview study with an inductive approach. The snowball principle was used to recruit participants. Data were analyzed through qualitative content analysis approach. Results: Assistant nurses reported that it was calmer to work at night and that cooperation was even more important compared with day or evening- shifts. Working conditions were fragile if something urgent happened. Participants suffered from lack of sleep and had a change in eating habits due to the night- shift work. Night shifts resulted in longer periods of free time which increased quality of life. Conclusion: Most assistant nurses experienced positive experiences of night shift-work, even though it had a negative effect on their health. More night-working assistant nurses are needed. Knowledge about sleep and eating habits, as well as work environment during night shifts, is important to motivate preventive measures, for example medical check-ups and education.

No description available.

Energy efficiency of district heating systems is of great interest to energy stakeholders. However, it is not uncommon that district heating systems fail to achieve the expected performance due to inappropriate operations. Night setback is one control strategy, which has been proved to be not a suitable setting for well-insulated modern buildings in terms of both economic and energy efficiency. Therefore, identification of a night setback control is vital to district heating companies to smoothly manage their heat energy distribution to their customers. This study is motivated to automate this identification process. The method used in this thesis is a Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) approach using the concept of transfer learning. 133 substations in Oslo are used in this case study to design a machine learning model that can identify a substation as night setback or non-night setback series. The results show that the proposed method can classify the substations with approximately 97% accuracy and 91% F1-score. This shows that the proposed method has a high potential to be deployed and used in practice to identify a night setback control in district heating substations.

Magister Philosophiae - MPhil / Agriculture and livestock production were the mainstay of the economies of many sub-Saharan African countries, including of Cameroon, in the 1970s. Things began to change with the discovery of petroleum products and natural minerals, and the push to industrialise. This led to a shift from agricultural production to other more 'beneficial' sectors. In the 1990s there was an 'imposed' liberalisation of the agricultural sector. This liberalisation was marked by a disengagement of most governments in developing countries from assisting agriculture. In Cameroon, disengagement was achieved by the promulgation of law No. 92/006 of 14th August 1992 and its decree of application No. 92/455/PM of 23rd November. This law encouraged the creation of common initiative groups which could independently pool their resources to increase agricultural production. Although there has been a shift to non-agricultural sectors in many sub- Saharan countries, on the whole, however, many rural areas in these nations have remained essentially agro-pastoral. Unfortunately some rural areas, like Small Babanki in Cameroon, whose livelihoods are land-based are faced with soil erosion, population pressure and farmer/grazer conflicts which undermine the little economic gains made in these places. Rural-dwellers have resorted to several innovations to circumvent these constraints to agricultural production. Objectives of the research This research focused on an indigenous agricultural innovation called Cameroon. The innovation involves a partnership between farmers and grazers whereby farmers build paddocks around their farms, and cattle herders drive their herds into farms where they deposit their manure. The idea of the practice is that it enriches the soil of the farms, provides the herds access to good fodder, and reduces conflicts between crop farmers and grazers. The objective of the study was to investigate the role this agricultural innovation is playing in reducing poverty and farmer/grazer conflicts. The research focused on a community called Small Babanki located in the North-West Region of Cameroon. Research questions To gain accurate insight into the role played by NPM, answers were sought to the following questions: (i) What are the causes of farmer/grazer conflicts in Small Babanki and how are these conflicts manifested? (ii) What efforts have been made hitherto by stakeholders to resolve farmer/grazer conflicts and what were the outcomes of such interventions? (iii) What motivated the development of the NPM farming system and how does the system function? (iv) How has the introduction of NPM affected the occurrence of conflicts and the resolution of conflicts when they occur? (v) Has NPM contributed to increasing the output, income and the market value of the products of farmers and grazers? (vi) How have the asset bases of grazers and farmers changed and what additional livelihood options are available to them as a result of adopting NPM? (vii) What are the major constraints that hinder practitioners of the innovation from getting maximum returns from it? Data collection method The data collection method for this research involved a review of reports written on the innovation by NGOs promoting it. Within Small Babanki, a focus group discussion was held with farmers and an elaborate questionnaire was administered amongst 10 randomly selected farmer households and 10 randomly selected grazer households. Structured interviews were also held with key informants, such as local officials and traditional and religious leaders. Findings and conclusions The research supports the perception that, in Small Babakni, NPM benefits both crop farmer and grazer households by means of improving productivity, reducing poverty, and reducing conflict. Respondents indicated that generally speaking the asset base and livelihood options of practitioners of NPM are constantly improving. They also stressed that improvements in education, health, nutrition, land tenure and safety of shelter are indicative of the amelioration of their state of wellbeing, and this in large measure can be attributed to the adoption of NPM Measurement of poverty using the both the US$I/day and the national poverty line of 503.19 Cf'Azday revealed that cropping households are living on the fringes of poverty while grazing households tend to live just above the poverty line. However, going by information provided by respondents on their outputs, the proportion of what was consumed by the household, the proportion of what was sold and the proportion of what was retained enabled us to make an estimation of the cash and noncash incomes of both grazing and cropping households. It was discovered that at any point they seemed to have a significant noncash wealth reserve which could easily be converted into cash in order to meet daily expenses. Both the declarations of respondents and some official documentation suggest that NPM was contributing positively towards a reduction of conflicts between farmers and grazers in Small Babanki.

Analysens syfte har varit att ta reda på vilken förändring som skett av kvinnosynen i svenskteleviserad humor. Frågeställningarna har behandlat hur kvinnorollen, manligheten ochhumorn i Sveriges television förändrats från 1960-talet till 2010-talet och besvarats genom attanalysera programmen Skäggen och Ladies Night - där en kvinna är ensam i en gruppbestående enbart av män. Roland Barthes bildsemiotiska principer om denotation ochkonnotation har använts för att ta reda på vilka indirekta meningar som går att tolka ur detdirekta audiovisuella materialet. Även Yvonne Hirdmans teori om genus och genussystemethar applicerats för att förstå hur kvinnan framställs jämte mannen. Analysen visade attkvinnans roll gått från att ha en mammaroll och ett hemmafruideal till att vara en person somtystas och inte få komma till tals bland männen. Männen har förändrats från att äta och drickaalkohol i TV, till att driva med sig själva och patriarkatet och humorn har gått från att drivamed tittarna på tittarnas bekostnad, till att skapa humor genom att skapa en förvridning avverkligheten.