This thesis aims to analyse passenger rail transport and its importance nowadays, mainly in the international context. It sums up the obstacles that negatively affect the competitiveness of railways and how the European Union copes with this issue. The practical part of the thesis focuses on long-distance rail services, such as night trains and car trains. It includes an analysis of the services provided by two European rail operators and seeks to provide an insight into the customer decision-making process between rail and car transportation.

Avsikten med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur dissociativ identitetsstörning (DID)gestaltas i filmen Split. Stereotyper och missuppfattningar har representerats länge i filmom psykiatriska sjukdomar och Split har blivit kritiserad för sin gestaltning avsyndromet, dock ser verkligheten med diagnosen olika ut. Analysen utforskar filmengenom de fyra DSM-IV kriterierna för DID. Scener analyseras med hjälp av Jens Ederskaraktärsklocka och representation av personer med DID som de andra, vilket innebärpersoner med psykiatriska sjukdomar ofta blir alienerade i film, och vi tillsammans, somfokuserar på hur de humaniseras och inkluderas samt stimulerar publikens medkänsla.Dessa metoder har använts för att komma fram till att filmen förhåller sig till DSM-IVkriterierna men att självaste gestaltningen av DID-karaktären är problematisk.Komplexa symptom i syndromet diskuteras i filmen men i slutändan framställs personermed DID som en fara för sig själva och andra, vilket kan bidra till att skada derassjälvbild

abstract: This research will explore the compositional approaches of Henry Cowell and John Cage to reveal piano techniques for the practice and performance of selected works. The discussion will focus on Henry Cowell’s Three Irish Legends and Six Ings, as well as John Cage’s The Perilous Night. An important contribution of Cowell was to further the use of tone clusters, applied in his Three Irish Legends by playing directly with the forearm, fists, and palm. Cowell’s Six Ings employ rhythmic experimentation, particularly in the first, second, and sixth pieces. He also uses tone color to portray specific programmatic features. John Cage greatly advanced the prepared piano from its earliest beginnings, as evidenced significantly in The Perilous Night. The present study will include advice on piano preparation, along with performance challenges and solutions. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Music 2020

Tato práce se zabývá detekcí chodců pomocí konvolučních neuronových sítí z pohledu autonomního vozidla. A to zejména jejich otestováním ve smyslu nalezení vhodné praxe tvorby datasetu pro machine learning modely. V práci bylo natrénováno celkem deset machine learning modelů meta architektur Faster R-CNN s ResNet 101 jako feature extraktorem a SSDLite s feature extraktorem MobileNet_v2. Tyto modely byly natrénovány na datasetech o různých velikostech. Nejlépší výsledky byly dosaženy na datasetu o velikosti 5000 snímků. Kromě těchto modelů byl vytvořen nový dataset zaměřující se na chodce v noci. Dále byla vytvořena knihovna Python funkcí pro práci s datasety a automatickou tvorbu datasetu.

A Paris, à partir de 1878, un maillage de refuges nocturnes se met progressivement en place dans le but de secourir les besoins les plus urgents des personnes sans‐asile. En France, l’oisiveté de l’adulte valide est condamnée depuis le XIVe siècle : en matière de vagabondage et de mendicité, la Troisième République hérite d’un arsenal répressif construit au fil de plusieurs siècles. Bien que la forte suspicion morale qui pèse sur les pauvres aptes à travailler reste forte, les premières conséquences de l’industrialisation et de l’urbanisation sont observées : déracinement, chômage, etc. Dans le contexte de crise politique et économique, certains vagabonds sont aidés. Les asiles de nuit sont encouragés, imités et reconnus d’utilité publique. D’une part, ils sont présentés comme une solution face aux insuffisances de l’État. D’autre part, ils s’inscrivent dans le langage de la réforme sociale et du compromis républicain. Pour comprendre l’engouement et l’institutionnalisation de l’hospitalité nocturne, différents corpus, comprenant une variété de types d’écrits, sériels ou non, ordinaires et extraordinaires, souvent inédits, sont croisés afin de reconstituer les réalités sociales de « l’hospitalité de nuit » dans toutes leurs complexités. Les adaptations pragmatiques, au fur et à mesure du fonctionnement et de la professionnalisation de l’hospitalité institutionnalisée, permettent une réappropriation du modèle proposé par d’autres acteurs très différents, notamment la Ville de Paris. La diffusion permet le transfert de nombreux éléments entre les différents producteurs. Elle s’accompagne néanmoins de réflexions et d’hésitations aboutissant à des accommodations réglementaires. La lente inscription des asiles de nuit dans le panel des solutions proposées pour remédier à la misère est donc à la fois le résultat d’investissements personnels, de contingences économiques et de stratégies professionnelles permettant à l’hospitalité de nuit de se constituer en domaine de l’action sociale. Cependant, l’usage et les résultats sensibles des asiles de nuit laissent place à quelques désillusions et critiques. Ces difficultés dans la mise en œuvre pratique permettent d’expliquer le relatif essoufflement dans ce mouvement de fondation d’asiles de nuit et dans la réorientation, ou du moins la diversification, des institutions productrices. / Since 1878 in Paris, a network of night‐shelters has been gradually set‐up with the goal to help the most urgent needs of the homeless. In France, a fit adult’s idleness has been condemned since the 14th century : regarding wandering and begging, the Third Republic inherits a repressive system implemented throughout several centuries. Although the strong moral suspicion that weighs on the poor people capable of working remains strong, the first consequences of industrialization and urbanization are becoming visible : de‐location and unemployment, etc. In the context of political and economic crisis, certain homeless are given help. Night shelters are encouraged, reproduced and recognized as beneficial to the general interest. On one hand, they are presented as a solution to the inadequacies of the State. On the other hand, they fit in language of the social reform and the republican compromise. In order to understand the craze and the institutionalization towards night‐hospitality, various corpuses, with a varieties of written documents, serial or not, ordinary, extraordinary and often unpublished, are remixed to reconstitute the social realities of "night hospitality" in their full complexities. With the growing implementation of the professionalization of institutionalized hospitality, pragmatic adaptations allow a re‐designing of the proposed model by other very different actors, in particular the city of Paris. Broadcasting allows the transfer of many elements between the various producers. However, it brings along reflections and questionings leading to statutory accommodations. The slow integration of night shelters within the panel of proposals to remedy poverty is thus at the same time the result of personal investments, economical contingencies and professional strategies allowing night hospitality to be an integrated part of the social welfare. However, the use and the tangible results of night shelters lead to disappointments and criticism. These difficulties in the practical implementation can explain the relative loss of momentum in the creation of night shelters as well as the reorientation, or at least the diversification, of productive institutions.

Att utnyttja simuleringsteknologi är både ett effektivt och sparsamt sätt att träna piloter utan att utsätta sig själv eller andra för fara. Flygsimuleringar i Virtual Reality blir mer och mer eftersökta tack vare sin unika nivå av immersion. Detta arbete undersöker, utvärderar och visar hur night vision implementeras i Unreal Engine 4. Undersökningen kommer fram till sex specificerade nyckelfaktorer att följa för att korrekt kunna simulera night vision och visar hur detta uppnås huvudsakligen genom att konfigurera post process-effekter. Dessutom utvärderas implementationens prestanda baserat på frame time. Arbetet resulterar i en fullt fungerande night vision-effekt som uppnår alla sex nyckelfaktorer. På grund av den höga prestandakostnaden av Depth of Field uppnås inte en acceptabel nivå prestandamässigt, men genom att minska skärmupplösningen när night vision är aktivt uppnås även prestandamålet utan att kvalitén på implementationen påverkas märkbart.

Syftet med föreliggande studie är att jämföra två nattvandrarföreningar i två diametralt motsatta områden i Stockholm, en i ett välbärgat område och en i ett socialt och ekonomiskt utsatt område. De bostadsområdena som har valts är Lidingö och Hallunda-Norsborg. Metoden utgår från en kvalitativ metod där det genom intervjuer undersöks hur segregation och demokrati i ett socialt och ekonomiskt utsatt område respektive välbärgat område påverkar dess civilsamhällesorganisering. Resultatet visade att föreningen i Hallunda-Norsborg var mer demokratiskt då de bland annat har en ledare som gemensamt röstats fram av medlemmarna. Föreningen har även goda relationer och samarbetar med kommun, polis och sjukvård. Hur väl ställt ett område är spelar med andra ord inte någon roll för varken det civila engagemanget eller demokratin inom nattvandrargrupperna. Det handlar mer om vad som pågår inom ett område. I det socialt och ekonomiskt utsatta området krävdes mer resurser och en strukturerad förening på grund av oroligheterna i området. Detta gjorde att de fick en förening som var uppbyggd på demokrati och jämlikhet. / The purpose of the present study is to compare two night-hiking associations in two diametrically opposite areas in Stockholm, one in a prosperous area and one in a socially and economically vulnerable area. The residential areas that have been selected are Lidingö and Hallunda-Norsborg. The method is based on a qualitative method where through interviews it is examined how segregation and democracy in a socially and economically vulnerable area and well-off area, respectively, affect its civil society organization. The result showed that in Hallunda-Norsborg it is more democratic as they have a leader who is voted by the members. The association also has good relations and cooperates with the municipality, police and medical services. In other words, how well-positioned an area is does not matter for either the civil commitment or democracy within the night-hiker groups. It's more about what's going on in an area. In the socially and economically vulnerable area, more resources and a structured association were required due to the disturbance in the area. This meant that they got an association built on democracy and equality.

In recent decades, the negative effects of artificial light at night on natural ecosystems have attracted the attention of ecologists. Studies have shown that artificial light at night leads to a considerable reduction in insects and has a worrying impact on terrestrial ecosystems, including nocturnal insects (e.g. Lepidoptera) such as moths. Warm white light is generally expected to have a lower ecological impact compared with cold white light which has a higher proportion of blue light (< 500 nm). The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of three light emitting diode (LED) light sources with different spectral power distributions on the responses of the greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) under controlled experimental settings. In this experiment, three light sources with different spectral power distribution and dark condition were used and the start response time, time active, time flap wings, time flap wings / time active, main activity area and stop area of the greater wax moth were investigated. The light treatment used were: (1) darkness (n = 13); (2) warm-white light (correlated color temperature of 2675 K, n = 12); (3) white light (4070 K, n = 4); (4) cold white light (6200 K, n = 8). The experiment was performed in a rectangular light-tight box under controlled conditions. Main activity area showed significant difference between warm-white light and cold white light. With cold white light, a larger proportion of the moths were active in the area with the highest light levels, while the main activity area in the warm white light was in the zone with the lowest light levels. Other variables, however, did not show significant differences. The conclusion is that warm white light had a lower ecological impact than cold white light due to a larger proportion of moth is attracted to areas with stronger light. The results support the notion that in outdoor environments, warm white LEDs (maximum 3000 K) should be preferred compared to cold white light LEDs (over 3000 K), to reduce the impact on insects such as moths. The low correlated color temperature light sources used outdoors deserves more in-depth development and research.

The diploma thesis deals with political satire in the Show Jana Krause at the time of selected elections in the Czech Republic in the years 2010-2019. Altogether six sub-periods in which the chosen elections were held were examined, which means that the general sample of episodes of the Show Jana Krause is formed from six smaller samples. The aim of the work was to find out what form political satire had in the show in the monitored period, how often it appeared in it and which political actors were most often its target. The research method was a quantitative content analysis with the help of which the work seeks answers to the following four research questions. RQ1: How much space was devoted to political satire in the Show Jana Krause? RQ2: What elements of political satire does the Show Jana Krause use? RQ3: What politicians, or which political subjects were most often satirically portrayed on the show? RQ4: What topics did political satire on the Show Jana Krause focus on the most? The thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter theoretically defines key concepts and outlines the history of political satire. The second chapter deals in more detail with the genre of television political satire and its development, especially with a focus on the Czech environment. The intention of the...

Sammanfattning Tidigare studier tyder på positiva reaktioner hos olika typer av sociala integrationsprojekt med sociokulturella och sportliga teman, både nationellt och internationellt (Lindencrona, Ekblad & Blight, 2005). Denna uppsats är en kvalitativ studie som bygger på fem intervjuer med sex olika fotbollsintresserade ungdomar som har deltagit i nattfotboll, som det kallas i Sverige. Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka nattfotbollens betydelse för integration och gemenskap hos ungdomar i det svenska samhället. Eftersom undersökningen fokuserar på studiedeltagares upplevelser har analysens begrepp och teorier valts utifrån respondenternas berättelser. Studien försöker ge svar på frågor om nattfotbollsprocessen kan utvecklas, och i så fall hur, i syfte att den ska bli mer attraktiv för en större grupp av individer över en längre tid. Dessutom försöker uppsatsen visa nattfotbollens betydelse för ungdomar med olika kulturell bakgrund i Sverige, samt hur sambandet mellan nattfotbollen och den sociala integrationen ser ut.   Studiedeltagarnas upplevelser av nattfotbollen visar behovet av olika sociala interventioner inriktade på ungdomar och eventuellt deras närstående. Dessa åtgärder, som genom olika idrottsaktiviteter kan underlätta integrationsprocessen hos en större grupp av individer med olika kulturell bakgrund, stämmer även med tidigare forskning. Undersökningsresultat belyser också nattfotbollen som en attraktiv och bekväm miljö, vilken uppfattas att ha avgörande inflytande på integration och gemenskap hos ungdomar i Sverige. Dessutom framgår av resultatet att nattfotbollen erbjuder reella möjligheter för ungdomar till att bygga nätverk och skapa kamratskap utanför hemmiljön. Detta kan i viss mån motverka segregation och utanförskap på grund av kulturella eller socioekonomiska kriterier, något som ligger i linje med andra relevanta studier om social integration och gemenskap. / Abstract Previous studies suggest positive reactions in various types of social integration projects with socio-cultural and sporting themes, both nationally and internationally (Lindencrona, Ekblad & Blight, 2005). This essay is a qualitative study based on five interviews with six different football-interested youth who have participated in night football, as it is called in Sweden. The purpose of this work is to investigate the importance of night football for integration and community among young people in Swedish society. As the study focuses on participants' experiences, the analysis uses concepts and theories that can better match the respondents' stories. The study aims to answer questions about whether the night football process can be developed, and if so how, in order to make it more attractive to a larger group of individuals over a longer period of time. In addition, the study tries to show the importance of night football for young people with different cultural backgrounds in Sweden, as well as how the correlation between night football and social integration looks like.           Study participants' experiences of night football show the need of diverse social interventions aimed at youth and possibly their relatives. These measures, which through various sports activities can facilitate the integration process of a larger group of individuals with different cultural backgrounds, are also consistent with previous research. Survey results also highlight night football as an attractive and comfortable environment, which is perceived to have a significant influence on integration and community among young people in Sweden. In addition, the results show that night football offers real opportunities for young people to build networks and create friendships outside home environment. This can to some extent counteract segregation and exclusion due to cultural or socio-economic criteria, which is in line with other relevant studies on social inclusion and community.