Berlin, Freie Univ., Diss., 2002.

Berlin, Freie Univ., Diss., 2002.

Berlin, Freie Universiẗat, Diss., 2002. / Dateiformat: zip, Dateien im PDF-Format.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Department of Germanic Languages and Literatures. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis--University of Chicago, 1936. / Photolithographed. "Private edition, distributed by the University of Chicago libraries." Bibliography: p. 102-104.

O proposto deste estudo é a determinação da origem e o entendimento do comportamento geoquímico do nitrato no Aqüífero Adamantina, em Urânia, noroeste do Estado de São Paulo. As principais atividades desenvolvidas foram a elaboração de um cadastro de poços e de fontes potenciais de contaminação e a realização de análises físico-químicas (no campo e em laboratório) e isotópicas (nitrogênio) das águas subterrâneas. O Aqüífero Adamantina, na área urbana do município de Urânia, encontra-se extensivamente contaminado por nitrato e poluído por cloreto e amônio. A fonte de contaminação é do tipo antrópica, multipontual, proveniente de sistema de saneamento in situ do tipo fossas negras. As maiores concentrações de nitrato foram identificadas na zona rasa (ZR) do aqüífero (até 21 m de profundidade). Estas distribuem-se na forma de \"ilhas\" circulares. Foram observadas variações temporais destas concentrações quando comparadas às estações seca e úmida. Na ZR distinguem-se águas bicarbonatadas nitratadas cálcicas, secundariamente bicarbonatadas nitratadas sódicas e cloro-nitratadas cálcicas. As águas de profundidade intermediária (ZI), de 57 a 104 m de profundidade, são bicarbonatadas cálcicas e bicarbonatadas nitratadas cálcicas. Na zona profunda (ZP), até 160 m de profundidade, as águas são bicarbonatadas sódicas. Estas evoluem, da ZR para ZI, acompanhando o fluxo subterrâneo, da recarga para a descarga, junto às principais drenagens que cortam a área, com diminuição das concentrações de nitrato, cloreto e sódio. Predomina nas zonas rasa e intermediária um ambiente hidroquímico oxidante / This study has been conducted with a view to determining the origin and understanding the geochemical behavior of nitrate in the Adamantina Aquifer in Urânia, located in the northwest of the state of São Paulo. The main activities developed included a survey of wells and potential sources of contamination, as well as physical-chemical analyses (in the field and the laboratory) and isotopic (nitrogen) analyses of groundwater. In the urban area of the municipality of Urânia, the Adamantina Aquifer is found to be extensively contaminated by nitrate and pollued with chloride and ammonia. The source of this contamination is anthropic and multi-point in nature, caused by the in-situ sanitation system(cesspit). The highest concentrations of nitrate were detected in the shallow zone (ZR) of the aquifer (until 21 m depth). These concentrations are distributed in the form of circular \"islands\". Seasonal variations in these concentrations were observed when making a comparison between the rainy and dry seasons of the year. In the ZR, there are found to be calcium-nitrate-bicarbonate waters and, to a lesser extent, sodium-nitrate-bicarbonate and calcium-chloride-nitrate waters. Groundwater of intermediate depth (ZI), from 57 to 104 m depth, is calcium-bicarbonate and calcium-nitrate-bicarbonate. In the deep zone (ZP), until 160 m depth, sodium-bicarbonate waters are to be found. These waters evolve from the ZR to the ZI, in a manner that accompanies froundwater flow, from the recharge zone to the discharge zone, joined to the main drains that cross the area, with a fall in concentrations of nitrate, chloride and sodium. An oxidizing hydrochemical environment predominates in the shallow and intermediate zones.

O proposto deste estudo é a determinação da origem e o entendimento do comportamento geoquímico do nitrato no Aqüífero Adamantina, em Urânia, noroeste do Estado de São Paulo. As principais atividades desenvolvidas foram a elaboração de um cadastro de poços e de fontes potenciais de contaminação e a realização de análises físico-químicas (no campo e em laboratório) e isotópicas (nitrogênio) das águas subterrâneas. O Aqüífero Adamantina, na área urbana do município de Urânia, encontra-se extensivamente contaminado por nitrato e poluído por cloreto e amônio. A fonte de contaminação é do tipo antrópica, multipontual, proveniente de sistema de saneamento in situ do tipo fossas negras. As maiores concentrações de nitrato foram identificadas na zona rasa (ZR) do aqüífero (até 21 m de profundidade). Estas distribuem-se na forma de \"ilhas\" circulares. Foram observadas variações temporais destas concentrações quando comparadas às estações seca e úmida. Na ZR distinguem-se águas bicarbonatadas nitratadas cálcicas, secundariamente bicarbonatadas nitratadas sódicas e cloro-nitratadas cálcicas. As águas de profundidade intermediária (ZI), de 57 a 104 m de profundidade, são bicarbonatadas cálcicas e bicarbonatadas nitratadas cálcicas. Na zona profunda (ZP), até 160 m de profundidade, as águas são bicarbonatadas sódicas. Estas evoluem, da ZR para ZI, acompanhando o fluxo subterrâneo, da recarga para a descarga, junto às principais drenagens que cortam a área, com diminuição das concentrações de nitrato, cloreto e sódio. Predomina nas zonas rasa e intermediária um ambiente hidroquímico oxidante / This study has been conducted with a view to determining the origin and understanding the geochemical behavior of nitrate in the Adamantina Aquifer in Urânia, located in the northwest of the state of São Paulo. The main activities developed included a survey of wells and potential sources of contamination, as well as physical-chemical analyses (in the field and the laboratory) and isotopic (nitrogen) analyses of groundwater. In the urban area of the municipality of Urânia, the Adamantina Aquifer is found to be extensively contaminated by nitrate and pollued with chloride and ammonia. The source of this contamination is anthropic and multi-point in nature, caused by the in-situ sanitation system(cesspit). The highest concentrations of nitrate were detected in the shallow zone (ZR) of the aquifer (until 21 m depth). These concentrations are distributed in the form of circular \"islands\". Seasonal variations in these concentrations were observed when making a comparison between the rainy and dry seasons of the year. In the ZR, there are found to be calcium-nitrate-bicarbonate waters and, to a lesser extent, sodium-nitrate-bicarbonate and calcium-chloride-nitrate waters. Groundwater of intermediate depth (ZI), from 57 to 104 m depth, is calcium-bicarbonate and calcium-nitrate-bicarbonate. In the deep zone (ZP), until 160 m depth, sodium-bicarbonate waters are to be found. These waters evolve from the ZR to the ZI, in a manner that accompanies froundwater flow, from the recharge zone to the discharge zone, joined to the main drains that cross the area, with a fall in concentrations of nitrate, chloride and sodium. An oxidizing hydrochemical environment predominates in the shallow and intermediate zones.

In the grand invocation at the beginning of Book VII of his epic Paradise Lost, John Milton selects as his muse Urania, who is traditionally the Muse of Astronomy in classical texts. He immediately excludes that possible identification, however, when he writes that she is “Nor of the Muses nine.” By calling on her “meaning” rather than her “Name,” Milton relies on a multitude of precedents and traditions, repackaged for his own times and his own idiosyncratic purposes, that critics have consistently failed to recognize or investigate sufficiently. This dissertation looks diachronically at various occurrences of Uranian discourse in literature, historically both before and after Milton, to locate thematic similarities to his works and to help define his Urania accordingly. In spite of her explicit exclusion, the search begins with Urania as Muse of Astronomy because from her mythopoetic genesis in Ancient Greece, other myths are engrafted onto her, most notably Plato’s Uranian Aphrodite as defined in his Symposium. This transformed Urania appears in ancient and medieval cosmic journey and dream narratives and evolves by the Renaissance into an oddly Christianized muse. She becomes a vehicle for heavenly, divine truths that each devout Christian rightly senses in his conscience. In this capacity she promotes friendship and chastity, while she also opposes licentiousness, particularly the lusts of tyrants. In early myths, the Muses are victims of tyranny; but in later appearances, they often sell their patronage of the arts unscrupulously to wicked kings and the flattering poets who are paid by them. Urania’s patronage manages to distance itself from her sisters’ misallocations of inspiration, and parts of the Book VII invocation are clearly an indictment of royal excess. In conclusion, a small group of late-Victorian English poets, mainly from Oxford, call themselves the “Uranians.” Although they too draw from the same traditions as Milton and from Milton himself, they appropriate Urania to satisfy their own political and sexual agendas in a conscious and deliberate revision. / text

O objetivo desta pesquisa é estabelecer a evolução hidrogeoquímica do Aqüífero Adamantina na cidade de Urânia, noroeste do Estado de São Paulo, definindo as relações químicas entre a água subterrânea e a rocha hospedeira desde a zona de recarga até a descarga. Durante a realização deste trabalho foram coletadas amostras de água em 14 poços cacimbas (PC), 10 poços tubulares particulares (PT) e 7 poços profundos da SABESP (PP), distribuídos na área de estudo, por um período de três anos, para análises físico-químicas de metais, pH, Eh, condutividade elétrica e alcalinidade. Sedimentos da Formação Adamantina de dois poços tubulares também foram amostrados para análise mineralógica (microscopia óptica, difração de raio-X e microscopia eletrônica de varredura), granulométrica (peneiramento e pipetagem) e química (ICP/AES-Plasma). Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a água subterrânea encontra-se em contato com sedimentos arenosos compostos principalmente por quartzo, feldspato (K-feldspato, albita e anortita), anfibólio e piroxênios cálcicos magnesianos, granada, calcita, goetita, hematita, montmorilonita cálcica e caulinita. Quimicamente o sedimento é composto por SiO2 (76% a 78% da massa), seguido pelo ferro e alumínio (4% a 10%), CaO (3,4%) MgO (1,5%), K2O (1%) e Na2O (0,3%). As águas subterrâneas do Aqüífero Adamantina na área de estudo foram divididas em três zonas hidroquímicas dominantes. A zona rasa e de recarga (profundidades de 2,0 a 16,0 m) é caracterizadapor águas cloretadas sódicas devido à presença de contaminação por fossas sépticas e negras, vazamentos da rede de esgoto e/ou fertilizantes nitrogenados. Na zona intermediária (profundidades de 8,0 a 100,0 m) predominam águas bicarbonatada cálcica, causada pela dissolução de minerais carbonáticos e aluminossilicáticos, porém ainda observa-se influência da contaminação. A zona profunda (profundidade de 60,0 a 160,0 m) e de descarga é caracterizada por ) água bicarbonatadas cálcicas, porém foi observada a presença de sódio em poços próximos à zona de descarga, indicando uma possível troca deste cátion com o cálcio. / The objective of this study is that of establishing the hydrogeochemical evolution of the Adamantina Aquifer in the city of Urânia, located in the northwest of the state of São Paulo, defining chemical relationships between groundwater and the rock holding this water, from the recharge zone to the discharge zone. During this work, water samples were collected over a period of three years from 14 hand-dug wells (PC), 10 private deep groundwater wells (PT) and 7 SABESP deep groundwater wells (PP), distributed throughout the area under study, with a view to conducting physical-chemical analyses of metals, pH, Eh, electrical conductivity and alkalinity. Adamantina Formation sediments in two of the deep groundwater wells were also sampled for mineralogical analysis (optical microscope, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope), granulometric analysis (sieving and pipeting) and chemical analysis (lCP/AES-Plasma). The results obtained showed that groundwater is to be found in contact with sandy sediments principal|y composed of quartz, feldspar (K-feldspar, albite and anortite), calcium-magnesium amphibole and pyroxenes, garnet, calcite, goethite, hematite, calcium montmorilonite and caulinite. ln chemical terms, this sediment is composed of SiO2 (76% to 78% by mass), followed by iron and aluminum (4% to 10%), CaO (3,4%), MgO (1.5%), K2O (1%) and Na2O (0.3%). The groundwater of the Adamantina Aquifer in the area under study was divided into three predominant hydrochemical zones. The shallow recharge zone (depths ranging from 2.0 to 16.0 cm) is characterized by sodium-chlroride waters, due to the presence of contamination from septic tanks and cesspits, leaks from the sewage collection network and/or nitrogenated fertilizers. ln the intermediate zone (depths ranging from 8.0 to 100.0 m) there is a predominance of calcium-bicarbonate waters, brought about by dissolved carbonate and aluminosilicate minerals, although the influence of contamination can still be seen. The deep discharge zone (depths ranging from 60.0 to 160 m) is characterized by calcium-bicarbonate waters, however, the presence of sodium was detected in wells located close to the discharge zone, indicating the possible exchange of this cation with calcium.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é estabelecer a evolução hidrogeoquímica do Aqüífero Adamantina na cidade de Urânia, noroeste do Estado de São Paulo, definindo as relações químicas entre a água subterrânea e a rocha hospedeira desde a zona de recarga até a descarga. Durante a realização deste trabalho foram coletadas amostras de água em 14 poços cacimbas (PC), 10 poços tubulares particulares (PT) e 7 poços profundos da SABESP (PP), distribuídos na área de estudo, por um período de três anos, para análises físico-químicas de metais, pH, Eh, condutividade elétrica e alcalinidade. Sedimentos da Formação Adamantina de dois poços tubulares também foram amostrados para análise mineralógica (microscopia óptica, difração de raio-X e microscopia eletrônica de varredura), granulométrica (peneiramento e pipetagem) e química (ICP/AES-Plasma). Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a água subterrânea encontra-se em contato com sedimentos arenosos compostos principalmente por quartzo, feldspato (K-feldspato, albita e anortita), anfibólio e piroxênios cálcicos magnesianos, granada, calcita, goetita, hematita, montmorilonita cálcica e caulinita. Quimicamente o sedimento é composto por SiO2 (76% a 78% da massa), seguido pelo ferro e alumínio (4% a 10%), CaO (3,4%) MgO (1,5%), K2O (1%) e Na2O (0,3%). As águas subterrâneas do Aqüífero Adamantina na área de estudo foram divididas em três zonas hidroquímicas dominantes. A zona rasa e de recarga (profundidades de 2,0 a 16,0 m) é caracterizadapor águas cloretadas sódicas devido à presença de contaminação por fossas sépticas e negras, vazamentos da rede de esgoto e/ou fertilizantes nitrogenados. Na zona intermediária (profundidades de 8,0 a 100,0 m) predominam águas bicarbonatada cálcica, causada pela dissolução de minerais carbonáticos e aluminossilicáticos, porém ainda observa-se influência da contaminação. A zona profunda (profundidade de 60,0 a 160,0 m) e de descarga é caracterizada por ) água bicarbonatadas cálcicas, porém foi observada a presença de sódio em poços próximos à zona de descarga, indicando uma possível troca deste cátion com o cálcio. / The objective of this study is that of establishing the hydrogeochemical evolution of the Adamantina Aquifer in the city of Urânia, located in the northwest of the state of São Paulo, defining chemical relationships between groundwater and the rock holding this water, from the recharge zone to the discharge zone. During this work, water samples were collected over a period of three years from 14 hand-dug wells (PC), 10 private deep groundwater wells (PT) and 7 SABESP deep groundwater wells (PP), distributed throughout the area under study, with a view to conducting physical-chemical analyses of metals, pH, Eh, electrical conductivity and alkalinity. Adamantina Formation sediments in two of the deep groundwater wells were also sampled for mineralogical analysis (optical microscope, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope), granulometric analysis (sieving and pipeting) and chemical analysis (lCP/AES-Plasma). The results obtained showed that groundwater is to be found in contact with sandy sediments principal|y composed of quartz, feldspar (K-feldspar, albite and anortite), calcium-magnesium amphibole and pyroxenes, garnet, calcite, goethite, hematite, calcium montmorilonite and caulinite. ln chemical terms, this sediment is composed of SiO2 (76% to 78% by mass), followed by iron and aluminum (4% to 10%), CaO (3,4%), MgO (1.5%), K2O (1%) and Na2O (0.3%). The groundwater of the Adamantina Aquifer in the area under study was divided into three predominant hydrochemical zones. The shallow recharge zone (depths ranging from 2.0 to 16.0 cm) is characterized by sodium-chlroride waters, due to the presence of contamination from septic tanks and cesspits, leaks from the sewage collection network and/or nitrogenated fertilizers. ln the intermediate zone (depths ranging from 8.0 to 100.0 m) there is a predominance of calcium-bicarbonate waters, brought about by dissolved carbonate and aluminosilicate minerals, although the influence of contamination can still be seen. The deep discharge zone (depths ranging from 60.0 to 160 m) is characterized by calcium-bicarbonate waters, however, the presence of sodium was detected in wells located close to the discharge zone, indicating the possible exchange of this cation with calcium.