In a qualitative study, grade three students in an urban classroom were introduced to Aboriginal children's picture-storybooks followed by "menoh," which are literary response activities. "Menoh" is defined as aesthetics, although, in this study "menoh" activities stem from Anishnabe and Cree cultural ways such as in traditional singing, dance, drumming, art and cooking.<p> The researcher used a reframing as a decolonizing methodology in order to reclaim Aboriginal voice and perspective. Reframing is taking greater control over the way Aboriginal research is structured, analyzed and written. The research data was collected over a period of several months within the classroom where the researcher read aloud and drew Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal listeners into the multi-layers of the stories. Through dialogue and critique, the students discussed the stories in literary circles. They shared meanings about the stories and made connections to their own lives and the lives of others. The stories contained messages about loyalty, respect, responsibility, honesty, humility, trust, and sharing-all those qualities that helped Aboriginal people live the life they did and still do today. Discussion was followed by a variety of "menoh," activities that introduced aesthetic ways of knowing from an Aboriginal perspective.

Thesis (Ed. D.)--West Virginia University, 2002. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 121 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 96-106).

Thesis--PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis--PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references.

An important variable not often examined in the literature is the relationship between target behaviors and their reinforcers. Previous research has demonstrated faster acquisition rates of simple receptive and imitative skills when the reinforcer used was part of the behavior chain that it reinforced. The current study evaluated the effectiveness of a direct reinforcement contingency to teach pairs of advanced receptive skills with three children with autism. During the indirect reinforcement condition, the therapist reinforced correct responding by handing the child an edible reinforcer. During the direct reinforcement condition, the reinforcer was located under the container displaying the correct response. Results showed that no participant reached mastery criterion regardless of the reinforcement contingency, although slightly higher levels of correct responding were observed during the direct reinforcement phase for all three participants on one skill.

Many of the health benefits associated with Aloe vera have been attributed to the polysaccharides contained in the gel of the leaves. These biological activities include promotion of wound healing, antifungal activity, hypoglycemic or antidiabetic effects antiinflammatory, anticancer, immunomodulatory and gastroprotective properties. While the known biological activities of A. vera will be briefly discussed, it is the aim of this review to further highlight recently discovered effects and applications of the leaf gel. These effects include the potential of whole leaf or inner fillet gel liquid preparations of A. vera to enhance the intestinal absorption and bioavailability of co-administered compounds as well as enhancement of skin permeation. In addition, important pharmaceutical applications such as the use of the dried A. vera gel powder as an excipient in sustained release pharmaceutical dosage forms will be outlined.

The main objective of this study was to compare the daily physical activities of secondary school students living in South- West Benin Republic, depending on whether they live in rural, suburban or urban areas. An investigation through a written and self-administered questionnaire was carried out from April to June 2004 on 678 students made up of 467 boys and 211 girls, aged 13 to 23 years old, regarding their movement modes, physical sports practices and other utilitarian activities. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that the percentages of students who go on foot or ride bicycles for long distances or a long time duration, and those who participate in physical training as well as practice utilitarian activities on weekly basis respectively, are far higher for students in the rural locations than for students in the other two locations, that is, suburban and urban areas. On the whole the highest proportion of students who engage in physical activities consisting of riding bicycles, traveling on foot, doing physical sports and utilitarian activities are found among students living in rural areas, followed by students in suburban and urban locations. These results are discusses in terms of their relationships with atherogenous risk factors.

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