Thesis (M.S.)--University of Connecticut, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 42-47).

Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Illinois University, 1987. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 38-40).

The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on November 19, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Thyfault. Includes bibliographical references.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia accounting for between 60-80% of all dementia related cases. It is the 6th leading cause of death in the US and is the only one in the top 10 leading causes of death without a prevention or cure. As the life-expectancy across the world continues to increase, the number of AD cases are expected to likewise increase dramatically. AD is a multifaceted disease. There is no one pathway or genetic predisposition that researches can pinpoint as causing disease in all cases. Approximately 5-10% of cases are caused by an inherited genetic mutation, while 90-95% of cases are sporadic with determined underlying mechanism. This makes treatment for disease extremely difficult. In recent years focus has been given to modifiable risk factors to lower risk for AD, including exercise, diet, cardiovascular health, education, and smoking. This study reviews the possible protective effects of exercise on the development of AD. Randomized control trials (RCTs), longitudinal studies, and meta-analyses and studies in AD mouse models are scrutinized to determine whether there is an association between exercise and lower risk of AD, and to potentially pinpoint the molecular mechanisms behind this protective effect. The majority of studies concur that exercise does lower risk of AD, but the mechanisms still need to be elucidated. Although more research is needed, the results so far have been promising.

Orientador: Roberto Jorge da Silva Franco / Banca: Osvaldo Kohlmann Junior / Banca: Paulo Henrique Waib / Banca: Claudia Forjaz / Banca: Beatriz B. Matsuhara / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo prospectivo, controlado e aleatorio e investigar os efeitos de um programa de treinamento aerobio supervisionado sobre a pressao arterial, funcao vascular, e perfil metabolico-hormonal de hipertensos naomedicados, durante tres meses. Hipertensos sedentarios, com idade de 50(9) anos, foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos na proporcao 2/1, intervencao e controle, respectivamente. O tamanho da amostra foi estimado para 10% erro ƒÀ e 5% erro ƒ¿, para detectar uma diferenca de 3 mL/kg/min no consume pico de oxigenio, com desvio padrao de 3 mL/kg/min, ao teste ergoespirometrico. Apos 3 meses de exercicios, o treinamento aerobio (n = 55, esteira eletrica, 50-75% VO2max, 3-5 sessoes/sem, 45 min/sessao) promoveu um aumento de 12% no VO2max (p = 0,0001), enquanto no grupo controle (n = 24, protocolo isometrico/postural, 3 sessoes/sem, 45 min/sessao) nao se observou mudanca no condicionamento aerobio. O consumo de sal dietetico durante o estudo provavelmente nao se alterou, como indicado pelo sodio urinario de 24 horas. A massa corporal diminuiu nos dois grupos ao final do estudo (p = 0,001 para aerobio e p = 0,03 para controle), assim como o colesterol plasmatico (p = 0,002 para aerobio e p = 0,0498 para controle). Isso pode sugerir uma mudanca voluntaria na dieta, visto nao ter havido orientacao nutricional previa. Ao final do estudo, nos dois grupos, a pressao arterial de 24 horas nao variou significativamente, assim como a elasticidade arterial (tonometria de aplanamento, HDI/PulseWave CR-2000), renina e aldosterona plasmaticos, e metanefrinas urinarias. Somente no grupo aerobio foi observado: diminuicao da resistencia insulinica (HOMA-IR, p = 0,036), diminuicao do cortisol plasmatico (p = 0,006), aumento na hiperemia reativa pos-isquemica (como indice de funcao endotelial, pletismografia de oclusao venosa, p = 0,009), e aumento no fluxo arterial basal de antebraco (pletismografia de oclusao venosa, p = 0,001) / Abstract:The aim of this prospective controlled randomized study was to investigate the effects of 3 months of a supervisioned aerobic training program on blood pressure profile, vascular function, plasma and urine hormones, and metabolic parameters, including HOMA-RI estimation. Sedentary non-medicated hypertensive subjects, aged 50 (9) years, were randomized to intervention/control groups on a 2/1 proportion. The sample size was estimated to provide 90% power at alpha = 0,05 (one-tailed) to detect a 3-mL/kg/min difference in peak oxygen consumption, with a standard deviation of 3 mL/kg/min, at the treadmill ergospyrometric test. After 3 months, the aerobic training (n =55, eletronic treadmill, 50-75% VO2max, 3-5 sessions/wk, 45 min/session) was effective to promote a 12% increase in VO2max (p = 0,0001), while no significant variation was observed in the control (n = 24, postural/isometric protocol) group. As indicated by urinary sodium, dietary sodium probably did not vary during the study. BMI (aerobic p = 0,001 and control p = 0,03) and total cholesterol (aerobic p = 0,002 and control p = 0,0498) decrease both in intervention and control groups, suggesting a voluntary modification in dietary habits during the study, even nutritional orientation was not given. In intervention and control groups, 24-hours blood pressure profile did not significantly modify, as well as arterial compliance (HDI/PulseWave CR-2000 radial tonometry), plasma renin, aldosterone, C-peptide, and urine metanephrines. At the end of this study, in the intervention but not in the control group, was observed: a decrease in insulin resistance (p = 0,036), a decrease in plasma cortisol (p = 0,006), an increase in postischaemic hyperaemia (as an index of endothelial function, p = 0,009), and an increase in basal muscle forearm blood flow (p = 0,001). A significant correlation was found between changes in insulin resistance and endothelial function (R = -0,51, p < 0,04) / Doutor

Orientador: Claudio Alexandre Gobatto / Banca: Sergio Augusto Cunha / Banca: Marcelo Papoti / Banca: Mário Mateus Sugizaki / Banca: Sebastião Gobbi / Resumo: Considerando a necessidade de avaliar a capacidade aeróbia de nadadores e assim prescrever as intensidades adequadas de treino durante ciclos de treinamento, vários estudos foram desenvolvidos com diferentes protocolos a fim de identificar instrumentos de aplicabilidade prática capazes de avaliar e quantificar a capacidade aeróbia. Entretanto, ainda existem controvérsias a respeito dos modelos invasivos e não invasivos e exaustivos e não exaustivos que representem de forma mais fidedigna a máxima fase estável de lactato (MFEL). Além disso, existe também, carência de investigações relacionadas à utilização do sistema de nado atado na avaliação de parâmetros fisiológicos, mecânicos e como ferramenta no treinamento de nadadores. Desse modo, o objetivo geral do presente estudo foi padronizar e testar diferentes modelos invasivos e não invasivos de avaliação aeróbia na natação, por meio de protocolos em nados livre e atado, validando-os através da comparação com a MFEL. Para isso, foram avaliados 12 nadadores do sexo masculino durante um período de polimento na natação. Foram utilizados protocolos de MFEL, velocidade crítica (Vcrit), Vcrit obtida por meio do protocolo proposto por Chassain (1986), MFEL em nado atado, força crítica (Fcrit) em nado atado e Fcrit obtida por meio do protocolo proposto por Chassain (1986). Para verificar possíveis diferenças entre as respostas agudas de stress obtidas após a utilização de diferentes protocolos em nados livre e atado, concentrações sanguíneas foram mensuradas. / Abstract: Considering the need to evaluate the aerobic capacity in swimmers and to prescribe the appropriate intensities of training, several studies were developed with different protocols in order to identify practical applicability instruments capable to evaluate and to quantify the aerobic capacity in swimmers. However, still controversies exist regarding the invasive and non invasive models which represent the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS). The aim of the present study was to standardize and to test differents invasive and non invasive models of aerobic and anaerobic evaluation in the swimming, by protocols in free and tethered swimming, validating them by the comparison with the MFEL. Twelve male swimmers were evaluated during the taper period in the swimming. Protocols of MLSS, critical swimming velocity (CSV), Vcrit obtained through the protocol proposed by Chassain (1986), MFEL in tethered swimming, critical force (CF) in tethered swimming and CF obtained by the protocol proposed by Chassain (1986). To verify possible differences among the stress responses obtained after the use of different protocols in free and tethered swimming, enzymatic plasma concentrations were measured. / Doutor

M.Phil. (Biokinetics) / Stress is an integral part of daily living and supports the ability to adapt. However, chronic activation without the ability to express the physical response results in overloading the physiological and psychological systems. Since urban South Africans are sedentary and experience high levels of stress, they are developing stress related chronic conditions and hypokinetic diseases (obesity, hypertension, depression). This study is aimed at decreasing the chronic physical manifestations of the stress response through somatic awareness exercise and aerobic exercise. The present investigation made use of a quantitative, comparative experimental research design over an eight-week period using pre- and post-tests. Participants were measured for psychological stress via a perceived stress scale and the chronic physical manifestations were measured via heart rate, blood pressure and body sway. The number of volunteers in the present study was 102 and they were recruited from corporate environments in the Johannesburg area. Their ages ranged from 18 to 65 years. The sample consisted of females (n = 42; % = 75) and males (n = 14; % = 25); white (n = 39; % = 69.6), black (n = 12; % = 21.4) and Indian (n = 5; % = 8.9) participants and non-smokers (n = 41; % = 73.2) and smokers (n = 15; % = 26.8). Untrained individuals were divided into 4 groups: a somatic awareness exercise (n = 9), aerobic exercise (n = 15), combination of somatic awareness and aerobic exercise group (n = 8) and a control group (n = 15). The aerobic group participated in aerobic activity, somatic awareness group in somatic awareness exercise and the combination group participated in both aerobic- and somatic awareness exercises. Individuals who trained were placed in a separate exercise group (n = 9) and had to add somatic awareness exercises to their weekly routines.

No abstract available. / Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Chemical Engineering / unrestricted

Oxidative assimilation of glucose-U-C¹⁴ by several aerobic bacteria was found to involve the assimilation of radioactivity into nitrogenous cell components, principally proteinaceous, in conjunction with the reincorporation of endogenously produced ammonia. In one of these bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, if the cells were starved or treated with chloramphenicol/ prior to glucose-C¹⁴ the amount of assimilation, especially into protein, was decreased. The incorporation into nucleic acids and lipids was increased by the antibiotic, but was only slightly affected by starvation. A determination of the cytological sites of the assimilated material showed that, in control cell extracts, the soluble proteins of the cytoplasm contained most of the C¹⁴. Starved or antibiotic treated cell fractions had substantially less of the label in these proteins, whereas the radioactivity incorporated into the ribosomal ribonucleic acid and the "membrane" lipids was greater. A study of the aminoacyl-soluble ribonucleic acid synthetases in P. aeruginosa revealed that these enzymes were present only in the cytoplasm. Starving the cells resulted in decreased activity of the synthetases, but they were rapidly reactivated during oxidative assimilation. The large amount of heterologous reactions between bacterial soluble ribonucleic acids and synthetases indicated that little species specificity existed. However, cross reactions between the systems in bakers' yeast and the bacteria were poor, showing that some degree of species specificity was present in these instances. Preliminary experiments on the route of assimilation of ammonia in P. aeruginosa and in P. fluorescens gave no evidence for the direct amination of pyruvate by alanine dehydrogenase, but did demonstrate a requirement for concurrent substrate oxidation while ammonia was being incorporated. In contrast, several lines of evidence indicated that ammonia was assimilated via ∝-ketoglutarate in P. aeruginosa. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

Title: The most common aerobic injuries, their prevention and follow rehabilitation. Objective: The aim of this thesis is find and introduce main type of injuries, frequency and lenght of the recovery of aerobic competitors of I., II. and III. FISAF class. Asses injuries and find oue preventive measures used by competitors. Methods: In this diplome thesis was used literary review in theoretical part of thesis and metod of written questioning was used in non-standatdized questionaires. This method was used to analyse the most common injuries, preventive measures before injury and find out competitors experience with physical therapy The questionnaire was distributed to 21 aerobic clubs wich contest in 1st, 2nd and 3th aerobic FISAF class. For data analysis softwere was used Microsoft Excel for Windows 2013. Findings: Acquired data showed that in season of 2016 was injured 91 competitors of 157 participant researchers. The most common area of injury aerobics FISAF competitors of 1st, 2nd and 3th class was in 57% pelvis and lower extreminty area. Detailed analysis showed that 24% of injury was in the ankle joint. It was founded 56% injuries happend during training practitions. 74% competitors, said, that they are using preventive measures during practising. 65% of whole competetors has previous...