Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2006. / Advisor: Lynn Panton, Florida State University, College of Human Sciences, Dept. of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed June 8, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 86 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Springfield College, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.

Thesis (M.S.)--Springfield College, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.(Biokinetics, Sport and Leisure Sciences))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-12-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:04:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 goncalves_mi_dr_botfm.pdf: 902862 bytes, checksum: 001613f0a5340b1581c25e832b4433c8 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo deste estudo prospectivo, controlado e aleatorio e investigar os efeitos de um programa de treinamento aerobio supervisionado sobre a pressao arterial, funcao vascular, e perfil metabolico-hormonal de hipertensos naomedicados, durante tres meses. Hipertensos sedentarios, com idade de 50(9) anos, foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos na proporcao 2/1, intervencao e controle, respectivamente. O tamanho da amostra foi estimado para 10% erro À e 5% erro ¿, para detectar uma diferenca de 3 mL/kg/min no consume pico de oxigenio, com desvio padrao de 3 mL/kg/min, ao teste ergoespirometrico. Apos 3 meses de exercicios, o treinamento aerobio (n = 55, esteira eletrica, 50-75% VO2max, 3-5 sessoes/sem, 45 min/sessao) promoveu um aumento de 12% no VO2max (p = 0,0001), enquanto no grupo controle (n = 24, protocolo isometrico/postural, 3 sessoes/sem, 45 min/sessao) nao se observou mudanca no condicionamento aerobio. O consumo de sal dietetico durante o estudo provavelmente nao se alterou, como indicado pelo sodio urinario de 24 horas. A massa corporal diminuiu nos dois grupos ao final do estudo (p = 0,001 para aerobio e p = 0,03 para controle), assim como o colesterol plasmatico (p = 0,002 para aerobio e p = 0,0498 para controle). Isso pode sugerir uma mudanca voluntaria na dieta, visto nao ter havido orientacao nutricional previa. Ao final do estudo, nos dois grupos, a pressao arterial de 24 horas nao variou significativamente, assim como a elasticidade arterial (tonometria de aplanamento, HDI/PulseWave CR-2000), renina e aldosterona plasmaticos, e metanefrinas urinarias. Somente no grupo aerobio foi observado: diminuicao da resistencia insulinica (HOMA-IR, p = 0,036), diminuicao do cortisol plasmatico (p = 0,006), aumento na hiperemia reativa pos-isquemica (como indice de funcao endotelial, pletismografia de oclusao venosa, p = 0,009), e aumento no fluxo arterial basal de antebraco (pletismografia de oclusao venosa, p = 0,001) / The aim of this prospective controlled randomized study was to investigate the effects of 3 months of a supervisioned aerobic training program on blood pressure profile, vascular function, plasma and urine hormones, and metabolic parameters, including HOMA-RI estimation. Sedentary non-medicated hypertensive subjects, aged 50 (9) years, were randomized to intervention/control groups on a 2/1 proportion. The sample size was estimated to provide 90% power at alpha = 0,05 (one-tailed) to detect a 3-mL/kg/min difference in peak oxygen consumption, with a standard deviation of 3 mL/kg/min, at the treadmill ergospyrometric test. After 3 months, the aerobic training (n =55, eletronic treadmill, 50-75% VO2max, 3-5 sessions/wk, 45 min/session) was effective to promote a 12% increase in VO2max (p = 0,0001), while no significant variation was observed in the control (n = 24, postural/isometric protocol) group. As indicated by urinary sodium, dietary sodium probably did not vary during the study. BMI (aerobic p = 0,001 and control p = 0,03) and total cholesterol (aerobic p = 0,002 and control p = 0,0498) decrease both in intervention and control groups, suggesting a voluntary modification in dietary habits during the study, even nutritional orientation was not given. In intervention and control groups, 24-hours blood pressure profile did not significantly modify, as well as arterial compliance (HDI/PulseWave CR-2000 radial tonometry), plasma renin, aldosterone, C-peptide, and urine metanephrines. At the end of this study, in the intervention but not in the control group, was observed: a decrease in insulin resistance (p = 0,036), a decrease in plasma cortisol (p = 0,006), an increase in postischaemic hyperaemia (as an index of endothelial function, p = 0,009), and an increase in basal muscle forearm blood flow (p = 0,001). A significant correlation was found between changes in insulin resistance and endothelial function (R = -0,51, p < 0,04)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:03:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 barrile_sr_dr_bot_fm.pdf: 340218 bytes, checksum: 6db42e0fd87a6119e02905303bcdaee0 (MD5) / O exercício físico aeróbio tem sido proposto como medida não medicamentosa para o tratamento da hipertensão. Apesar de existirem trabalhos científicos realizados nesta área, pouco se sabe a respeito do acompanhamento de indivíduos hipertensos em campo aberto, em seu dia-a-dia e sobre a resposta a programas oferecidos em clínicas e hospitais. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a variação pressórica e bioquímica, em indivíduos hipertensos essenciais, medicados, submetidos a treinamento com exercícios aeróbios acompanhados num programa de atendimento ao paciente hipertenso, na Clínica-escola da Fisioterapia da Universidade do Sagrado Coração, na cidade de Bauru, de 1997 a 2002. Foram incluídos neste estudo 42 indivíduos adultos hipertensos essenciais, de leve a moderado (140mmHg £ PAS £ 179mmHg e/ou 90mmHg £ PAD £ 109mmHg), medicados, sedentários, de 57,9 l 8,18 anos. Foram realizadas, pré e pós-treinamento físico, avaliações antropométricas, análise bioquímica (colesterol total e frações, triglicerídeos, glicose, sódio, potássio, cálcio, creatinina, uréia e ácido úrico) e pressórica em, pelo menos, 3 medidas da pressão arterial em dias diferentes. O protocolo do programa consistiu de sessões em 40 minutos de atividade física de 60 a 85% da freqüência cardíaca máxima, precedido por aquecimento e, posteriormente, alongamento e relaxamento, por, pelo menos, 12 semanas. Realizou-se análise estatística de 42 indivíduos e subgrupos de acordo com a freqüência semanal. Para variáveis paramétricas foi utilizado teste t-student, e, para variáveis não paramétricas foram utilizados Wilcoxon, para amostras dependentes e Mann Whitney, para amostras independentes. A análise estatística foi feita utilizando-se o programa StatView 5 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Houve diminuição significativa da pressão arterial sistólica... / The aerobic exercise has been proposed as a non-medication treatment for hypertension. Although there are scientific researches done this area, little is known about the follow-up of the free-living hypertensives and the feedback to controlled program offered in clinics and hospitals. The objective of this study was to analyse of the blood pressure and biochemical variations, in hypertension medicated individuals, submitted aerobic exercises in a hypertension program developed at the clinic-school of physiotherapy from Universidade do Sagrado Coração, in the city of Bauru, from 1997 to 2002. Forty-two light-to-moderate-hypertensive (140 mmHg = SBP = 179 mmHg and/or 90 mmHg = DBP = 109 mmHg) and sedentary adults, aged from 57,9l8,18 years old were studied and medicated. Anthropometrics assessment, blood pressure verification at least 3 times a week in different days, biochemical analysis (total cholesterol and fractions, triglyceride, glucose, sodium, potassium, calcium, creatinine, urea and uric acid) were made before and after controlled physical exercises. The protocol of the program consisted of 40-minute sessions of physical activity from 60% to 85% of the maximum Heart Rate (HR), preceded by warming up session and followed by stretching and relaxing sessions, for period of 12 weeks. Statistic analysis was done in 42 individuals and in subgroups according to their weekly attendance. The T-student test was used for parametric variables. Wilcoxon for dependent non-parametric samples, and Mann Whitney for independent samples. The statistical analysis was done using the program Stat View 5 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). There was a significant decrease in the Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) from 132,47l11,43 to 125,8l8,39 mmHg and Diastolic BP, as well as the glycemia, total cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride of the individuals... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The aim of the study was to detect the prevalence of AV and its associated bacteria with preterm delivery in the Western Cape, South Africa. Furthermore, it sought particularly to examine and investigate the predictive value of GBS and E. faecalis for preterm delivery (PTD). It also aimed to establish other factors which may predict adverse pregnancy outcomes. Three hundred and one pregnant women were recruited from four different antenatal in the Western Cape, South Africa. The study conformed with the Declaration of Helsinki (2013). Maternal data was collected from a questionnaire and maternal medical records. Vaginal and rectal swabs were collected and microscopically examined for AV, followed by culture characterization of GBS and E. faecalis. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was also performed. In this study, AV was detected in 79 (26.2%) of the 301 pregnant women, and GBS and E. faecalis isolated from 50 (16.6%) and 21 (7.0%) respectively. GBS serotype V was the predominant serotype, followed by serotype III. Pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profile analysis for both GBS and E. faecalis yielded a total of 24 restrictions profiles for GBS and 16 for E. faecalis. Multivariable analysis revealed that parity, gravidity, vaginal discharge, urinary tract infection, and smoking were significantly associated with PTD. The results from the study provides improved guidelines maternal screening of pregnant women. The early detection of AV-related bacteria may significantly reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2002-11-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:45:18Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_jmn_dr_jabo.pdf: 226978 bytes, checksum: b750d41fae4be269e3578a4ae3813b74 (MD5) / Objetivou-se estudar o valor nutritivo e desenvolvimento de fungos e de Listeria spp. no capim-Tifton 85 (híbrido de Cynodon, PI 290884 originário da África do Sul com o Tifton 68 (Cynodon nlemfuensis) ensilado sem emurchecimento (umidade 60-70%), submetido a pré-secagem (umidade 40-50%) e com adição ou não de polpa cítrica (5% do peso verde). As amostras foram colhidas na abertura dos silos e aos 15 e 30 dias após a abertura, para avaliação da ocorrência de Listeria spp e de fungos, do padrão de fermentação (pH, N amoniacal, ácidos orgânicos), teores de matéria seca, de proteína bruta, de nitrogênio associado a parede celular, dos constituintes da parede celular e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS). Os dados foram analisados segundo o delineamento em blocos completos casualisados, em esquema de parcela subdividida, sendo que nas parcelas foram avaliadas as silagens submetidas ao emurchecimento e uso ou não de polpa cítrica e nas subparcelas os períodos de exposição ao ar, com quatro repetições. Constatou-se a presença de Listeria spp em 65,6% das silagens de alta matéria seca, sendo que destas 10% foram positivas para Listeria monocytogenes. As silagens de alta matéria seca apresentaram pouca estabilidade aeróbia, tendo sido registrado aumento na ocorrência dos fungos Penicillium, Fusarium e Pithomyces com o prolongamento do período de exposição ao ar. Esses resultados evidenciaram o risco potencial que silagens de gramíneas com alto conteúdo de matéria seca pode representar para a saúde dos animais e humanos. Em termos de padrão de fermentação observou-se baixos teores de ácidos orgânicos e de N amoniacal, altos valores de pH, provavelmente devido aos elevados conteúdos de matéria seca causados pelo emurchecimento e adição de polpa cítrica... / This research was conducted to evaluate the nutritive value and fungal and Listeria spp. occurrence of the no wilted (60 to 70% of moisture) and wilted (40 to 50% of moisture) Tifton 85 ensiled with or without citrus pulp (5.0% of the wet weight). The high dry matter silage were harvested, immediately after the silos opening, also 15 and 30 days after the air exposition. It was evaluated the Listeria and fungal occurrences, fermentation characteristics (pH, amoniacal nitrogen, organic acids), values of dry matter, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIN), acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). The data were analyzed according to a randomized block design in split plot scheme, being the silages studied in plots and the periods of air exposure in the split plots, with four replications. It was observed Listeria spp in 65.6% of the high dry matter silage samples, and Listeria monocytogenes occurred in 10.0% of these samples. The high dry matter silage was air unstable and Penicillium, Fusarium e Pithomyces occurrence increased during the air exposition period. These data showed the potential risk that the high dry matter grass silage could represent to the animal and human health. In relation to the fermentation characteristics, it was observed lowest values of amoniacal nitrogen, organic acid, and highest pH values, probably due to the high dry matter content of the silage. The high dry matter silage showed lowest N-NH3/N total values, preserving the crude protein content, probably caused by the low Clostridium activity. The NDIN and ADIN contents increased during the air exposition periods, in function of the microorganism's activity, resulted in high temperature of the high dry matter silage... (Complete abstract, access undermentioned eletronic address)

Master of Science / Department of Human Nutrition / Sara K. Rosenkranz / Background: High-fat meals (HFM) have been shown to increase postprandial lipemia (PPL) and inflammation. Acute exercise both pre and post-meal has been shown to attenuate PPL and inflammation. However, studies examining the interaction of HFMs and exercise on PPL and inflammation have used meal and exercise conditions more extreme than typical for average adults. The purpose of this study was to determine if moderate intensity exercise following a "true-to-life" HFM would attenuate PPL and inflammation. Methods: Participants were thirty-nine young adults (18-40 years) with no known metabolic disease. Inclusion criteria consisted of participants meeting physical activity guidelines of ≥ 150 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity or ≥ 75 min/week of vigorous activity, or < 30 min of planned physical activity per week. Participants were block randomized to EX or CON groups. Participants consumed a HFM of 10 kcal/kgbw. The EX group walked at 60% VO[subscript 2peak] to expend ≈ 5 kcal/kgbw beginning one-hour following the HFM. The CON group remained sedentary during the postprandial period. Blood samples were collected at baseline and 2, and 4hrs postprandially. Results: At baseline, there were no differences between EX and CON groups for any metabolic or inflammatory markers (p>0.05). Postprandial TRG increased ≈ 100% (p<0.001) in both groups, with no differences between groups. HDL concentrations decreased across time in both groups (p<0.001) with no differences between groups (p=0.338). HDL was higher in the EX group at 2hrs (p=0.047), but not 4hrs (p=0.135). IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations did not change over time with no differences between groups (p>0.05). The EX group increased sVCAM-1 from baseline to 4hr (p=0.003), while the CON group did not. Change in TRG was associated with change IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α from baseline to 2hrs when controlling for VO[subscript 2peak] and body fat%. No other associations were seen between change scores for TRG and inflammatory markers. Conclusions: Despite significant increases in PPL following a HFM, moderate intensity exercise in the postprandial period did not mitigate the PPL nor the inflammatory response to the HFM. These results indicate PPL and inflammation following a HFM are not directly related in a young, healthy population with low metabolic risk.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Animal Sciences and Industry / Micheal J. Brouk / Four studies were conducted that focused either on silage quality parameters or heat abatement systems to improve cow comfort. Study 1 evaluated the effects of treating whole-plant corn at harvest with a dual-purpose commercial silage inoculant containing Lactobacillus buchneri and Lactococcus lactis O224 on fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silage through 32 d of ensiling. Inoculating silage to be fed after minimal storage time (≤ 32 d post-harvest) had no effect (P > 0.05) on the chemical composition, fermentation variables, aerobic stability or rise in temperature post-harvest. Study 2 was designed to develop a berry processing score (BPS) for sorghum silage as well as evaluate the change in starch digestibility as the level of berry processing increased. A method to evaluate the level of processing in sorghum silage was successfully developed by measuring the percent of starch passing through a 1.7 mm screen. This provides the industry with a standardized method to measure the level of processing in sorghum silage. As BPS increased from 26.28 to 55.05 ± 0.04%, 7-h in situ starch digestibility increased from 50.54 to 82.07 ± 4.94% for unprocessed and heavily processed sorghum silage, respectively (R² = 0.43). By processing sorghum silage during harvest and measuring the extent of processing, sorghum silage starch digestibility can be enhanced and may serve as a viable alternative to corn silage in the diet of lactating dairy cows in areas of the country where corn silage is a high-risk forage crop due to lack of water. Study 3 evaluated the effects of 2 heat stress abatement systems on barn temperature, micro-environmental temperature, core body temperature (CBT), respiration rate, rear udder temperature, and lying time in lactating dairy cows. The systems evaluated were: direct cooling via feedline soakers and fans, or evaporative cooling via a fan and fog system. The evaporative cooling system was effective (P = 0.04) in reducing respiration rates (52.0 vs. 57.9 ± 2.2 breaths per min; P < 0.01) and rear udder temperatures (33.2 vs. 34.5 ± 0.3ºC; P < 0.01), and increased daily lying time (11.8 vs. 10.8 ± 0.3 h/d; P < 0.01) due to differences in barn THI and airflow. No treatment differences (P = 0.79) were detected for CBT, likely due to cooler ambient conditions during the study. Study 4 assessed the effects of the same evaporative and direct cooling systems as in Study 2 but were applied in the holding area prior to afternoon milking, where effects on CBT and micro-environmental temperature in lactating dairy cows were measured in addition to water usage by each system. No significant differences (P > 0.05) between direct cooling and evaporative cooling were detected for micro-environmental THI. However, the evaporative cooling system reduced the consumption of water in the holding area while maintaining CBT < 39.0ºC. Future research should be conducted under greater ambient THI to determine if an evaporative cooling system is able to maintain CBT < 39.0ºC, while also comparing CBT and water usage to a soaker system in the holding area.