M.Ed. / The objective of this study was to investigate the proportion of teachers' input with regard to career and future orientation. A literature study was undertaken and it is evident that against a background of change in society and the economy, there is a definite need for more specific and up to date career and future orientation in the schools. Furthermore, the importance of career and future orientation as a process is emphasised. In chapter two, all the essential components of career and future orientation are identified, and a model illustrating the integration of these two aspects as a cyclical process is posited. An empirical study was undertaken and these components were used to develop the research instrument. The research design is discussed in chapter three. In chapter four the hypotheses for each item are tested, and the findings are discussed. A summary of these findings, together with the conclusions, recommendations and suggestions for further research are made in this chapter. Within the context of the paradigm shift which has taken place within the new dispensation for education, from in-put curriculum model to process out-put approach (COTEP, 1996: preface), as well as considering the altruistic nature of teaching, it becomes evident that responsibilities of the teacher rise above and beyond the call of duty which existed in the past. Education should equip its learners with skills that go beyond the basics (Calitz, 1991:10). In terms of the responsibilities of teachers as set out in the Provincial Gazette Extraordinary (1995:50) teachers clearly have a responsibility which goes beyond merely teaching subject content. Prof. Bengu makes the following statement: °Our message is that education and training must change. It cannot be business as usual in our schools, colleges, technikons and universities. the national project of reconstruction and development compels everyone in education and training to accept the challenge of creating a system which cultivates and liberates the talents of all our people without exception"(Govemment Gazette, 1995:5). The teacher must endeavour to educate pupils towards self-actualisation in order to improve the quality of life for both the individual and the country (Government Gazette, 1995:21). According to Van der Merwe and Berkhout, (1991:96) the effects of unemployment on our education system are especially noticeable in terms of the objectives of education, learners and learning content. New parameters are being set for the competence of the people who must help others to achieve competence. It should not be a case of °do as I read in a book, or do as I did 20 years ago° (Gamble & Tyers, 1994:11). It appears that in the context of social change and the subsequent need for guidance, the advent of a global economy, and different manpower requirements, as well as in light of growing unemployment amongst manpower wrongly trained, career and future orientation should become a continuous process throughout the everyday learning experience of the pupil, so that the human resources of South Africa can be developed to the optimum. The findings of this research indicate that teachers by and large believe their input with regard to career and future orientation to be adequate. However, from data collected in the empirical investigation, it is evident that teachers do not perceive themselves as actively participating in the orientation of pupils towards a career and their future. With regard to the items pertaining to this study, it appears that teachers tend to be more active in future orientation activities than career orientation. Taking into consideration the distinction made between career orientation and future orientation, the following findings are illustrated by the analysis of the data. With regard to future orientation, concerning helping pupils to prioritise life-values, teaching decision making skills and helping pupils to set realistic goals for their future, teachers perceive these as being activities in which they deliver a higher input than the career orientation activities. These future orientation activities feature first, second and third in rank order in terms of the perception of teachers with regard to the proportion of their input (see table 4.1). Furthermore, according to the results of the research, it seems that the senior primary teachers and those who are in managerial positions are more concerned with future orientation (refer 4.8 and 4.10).

M.Ed. / Namibia with its new education system, is confronted like other multicultural countries, by a multicultural education dilemma. For the maintenance of effective education in Namibia, the exigencies of reality, of which multiculturalism is one, should be accommodated in the education system. There are obviously various views of multicultural education. This study attempts on the basis of derived criteria from these various views, to ascertain whether the education system of Namibia satisfies the requirement of multicultural sensitivity. The multicultural education dilemma is presented initial!y, followed by an investigation of the theoretic basis of various society models. Chapter 3 presents a short exposition of the education system before and after the independence of the country. In chapter 4 the new education system is investigated on the basis of the derived criteria and it is concluded that the education system does not meet the requirement of multicultural sensitivity. The final chapter suggests for the sake of curriculum relevance and for improving education practice, broad recommendations in respect of a multicultural sensitive curriculum.

This study investigates attitudes towards human nature in reports published by the Swedish Library Association and the National Library of Sweden between 2015 and 2018. By using ideological analysis, I was able to focus the study on three dimensions of human nature: the worth of human beings, human behavior and human needs. The study area was further specified using Anders Jeffner’s (1989) theoretical framework. Jeffner has formulated 20 components that together create a view of human nature. Of these, four components were used for the study: assumptions of human rights, social equality, free will and strategies to improve human well-being. The reports express a humanist ideology. Some reports emphasize the library’s mission to prevent social inequality and helping marginalized groups. The reports also demonstrate a view of humans as critically thinking and independent citizens by highlighting the importance of intellectual freedom, freedom of thought and freedom of expression. Two broad themes emerged from the analysis: social justice and freedom of the individual, which were used to describe two different missions of the library. When the library’s mission is described as working towards social justice, the library becomes active and partial. On the other hand, the library is described as neutral and impartial when the mission is seen as working towards the freedom of the individual. In conclusion, the Swedish Library Association and the National Library of Sweden present themselves as good through a humanist ideology and a view of human nature that emphasize freedom, welfare and personal development. However, many different ideologies and values can be applied to the library, and it is not necessarily fundamentally good or humanist. The findings of this research also indicate that the word neutral is used in a misleading way, and that there is a need to redefine the meaning of neutrality. This is a two years master’s thesis in Library and Information Science.

Inquiry about ideal library was sought by interdisciplinary approach from human competence derived from performance engineering by Gilbert (1978), and the library information policy by Wilson (1977). With Wilson's insights into the field of library and information science (LIS), this work demonstrated the synthesis of Wilson and Gilbert: engineering as common ground. One of the central concerns in LIS, utilization of knowledge, is re-conceptualized as Gilbert's view of performance, which reflected at different vantage points. Four leisurely theorems are introduced for his view of performance engineering, which produce human competence. The performance matrix is the application tool that represents Gilbert's theorems of performance engineering. It is used to clarify vantage points about the library, and constructed a model of the performance engineering system of ideal library. Based upon the model, two applications were made. One is to apply the performance matrix to the existing academic library. Another is to apply the performance matrix for building a special collection. These two applications show that the performance matrix is capable to analyze existing performance system as well as designing and building a performance system.

"It is the purpose of this paper, therefore, to show how in Florida's Program of Studies in the Elementary School science and social studies are related to each other. It will be urged that these subjects should be so related as to assist in developing those characteristics in boys and girls which will enable them to adjust creatively, within a democratic framework, to the problems and situations created through the interaction of technology and social change. In doing this it will be necessary: (1) to establish the social and psychological needs that underlie such a program; (2) to examine the Program of Studies as found in the Florida Curriculum Bulletin Series, published by the State Department of Education, relating to these two areas; (3) to work out a series of charts correlating work described in certain Florida Curriculum Bulletins; and (4) to develop one of these problem areas as a Resource Unit"--Introduction. / Typescript. / "June, 1952." / "Submitted to the Graduate Council of Florida State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science." / Advisor: W. Edwards, Professor Directing Paper. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-55).

The purpose of this study is to examine indoctrination in Oregon public schools during the period from 1947 to 1975. More specifically, it seeks to define and analyze the assumed changeable and dynamic aspect of indoctrination. The major hypothesis to be tested is that indoctrination has declined in strength during the test period.

No description available.

Includes bibliography. / The focal point of this study emanates from both personal observations formed in public library branch work and questions raised in the subject literature to the effect that tension appears to exist between the wants of the majority of users and the perception of the dominant goals of the public library by their staff, resulting in differing views as to the book selection policy of this institution. Book selection policies have been taken to reflect the attitudes of library staff towards users' wants in terms of their adherence to the tenets of Anglo-American public library objectives.

M. S.

Humanity is facing big environmental challenges. Apart from the climate changes, there is also an ongoing depletion of the natural resources necessary for our survival in general, and for highly electronics-dependant lifestyles especially. At the same time, both urbanisation and digitalisation are progressing at a rapid pace. Digitalisation holds a potential to decrease environmental impact from cities and urban lifestyles, and many cities want to increase their use of digital technologies and services. This is often at least partially motivated by environmental concerns. In these cases, it is often the municipality that is responsible for strategies and support of increased digitalisation. This dissertation places itself in the Smart Sustainable City field, but more specifically aims to support municipalities’ work with digitalisation for environmental goals. The results are structured around three parts. The first part accounts for six cities’ promising digital solutions with possible environmental benefits, and of possible digital tools to support two EU directives that can affect municipalities’ environmental work. The second part suggests how municipalities can work with digitalisation for environmental goals, and especially stresses evaluation and strategic investments. The third part looks at possible long-term societal changes in relation to digitalisation, and the risks with a city depending on electronics: It is important that a city can remain adequately functional, even in the case of a short- or long term shortage of resources and/or energy. Finally, I discuss some of the uncertainties in digitalisation for environmental goals. There are uncertainties regarding digitalisation’s actual effects, which can make it harder to know what investments to make. Implementing digital technologies for municipal aims often demands cooperation between actors with different interests, but if the municipality relates its decision to environmental goals, it facilitates demanding that digital services and tools have environmental benefits. / Mänskligheten står inför stora utmaningar på miljöområdet. Utöver klimatförändringar sker en utarmning av de naturresurser som krävs både för vår allmänna fortlevnad och för livsstilar med hög användning av elektronik. Samtidigt pågår både en snabb urbanisering och en snabb digitalisering. Digitaliseringen har potential för att minska miljöpåverkan från städer och urbana livsstilar, och många städer uttalar en vilja till ökat nyttjande av digitala tekniker och tjänster, oftast åtminstone delvis motiverat av omsorg om miljön. Ofta är det då kommunen som står för strategier och stöd för ökad digitalisering. Den här avhandlingen placerar sig i det fält som berör den smarta hållbara staden, men syftar mer specifikt till att hjälpa kommuner i deras arbete med digitalisering för att nå miljömål. Avhandlingens resultat är uppdelade i tre delar. Den första delen redovisar några lovande digitala tjänster med möjliga miljöfördelar, respektive möjliga digitala stöd för två EU-direktiv som påverkar kommuners miljöarbete. Den andra delen ger förslag på hur kommuner kan lägga upp sin arbetsgång för att rikta digitaliseringsarbetet mer mot miljöfördelar och miljömål, och rekommenderar särskilt att följa upp arbetet med utvärderingar och mer strategiska investeringar. Den tredje delen går in på möjliga långsiktiga förändringar av samhället i relation till digitalisering, samt riskerna med att en stad blir beroende av elektronik: Det är viktigt att en stad kan bevara huvuddelen av sin funktionalitet, även vid kort- eller långvarig strypning av resurser och/eller energi. Slutligen diskuterar jag något av osäkerheten i digitalisering för miljömål. Det finns stora osäkerheter kring vad de verkliga effekterna blir, vilket kan göra det svårt att veta vilka investeringar som ska göras. Att införa digitala tekniker och tjänster för att nå kommunala mål kräver samverkan från aktörer med olika intressen, men om kommunen tydligt kopplar till miljömål underlättar det för att kräva att de digitala tjänsterna och verktygen gör nytta på miljöområdet. / <p>QC 20180302</p> / ICT for Urban Sustainability