This paper describes the concept of traditional education. Educators define traditional education as a way of life, spirituality, an act of love, wholistic, language, and culture. In economics, children learn by observing a skill like setting a snare and then actually snaring something, like a rabbit. This paper includes a history of the Lubicon Lake First Nation, history of the first Indian Mission and Northland School Division. It concludes with the idea that now is the time to develop a unique Lubicon Lake First Nation approach to education. This idea means that the First Nation school has the chance to develop their own system in conjunction with mainstream curriculum, but would include appropriate cultural concepts such as language, native spirituality and history. / Education, Faculty of / Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of / Graduate

This study applied the use of a stable isotope mass-balance model to calculate water throughflow, residency and water-yield and to assess acid-sensitivity for 50 lakes in the Athabasca Oil Sands region of northeastern Alberta. The research project was aimed at improving existing regional hydrologic estimates, based on coarse-scale runoff values derived from river gauging stations. Regional isotopic variations measured for components of the water cycle indicated a wide range of hydrologic conditions prevail, from throughflow, high water-yield lakes (186 mm.yr-1) to evaporative, low water-yield systems (23 mm•yr-1). Notably, hydrology is shown to be a controlling factor on acid-sensitivity and may be altering acid-sensitivity via such processes as water flow through peatland dominated catchments or convergence with acidic neutralizing soils, geology or ground waters. At the throughflow end of the hydrologic spectrum at low levels of isotopic enrichment, isotopes in precipitation were sensitive up to 30%. Relative humidity, on the other hand, is sensitive at high levels of enrichment at the evaporative end of the scale on the order of 25%. This application, in conjunction with landscape and chemical analysis, highlighted the over-riding hydrologic processes occurring at lowland and upland systems of the Boreal Plain that may lead to increased acid-sensitivity or buffering capacity. This thesis documents the first ever demonstration of an isotope mass-balance model to estimate water-yields and subsequently assess critical acid loadings in North America. The results of this research project will allow for improved predictive ability and management of acid-sensitive aquatic ecosystems within future planning frameworks.

From early colonial times the Canadian economy, highly dependent on exports, has developed a pluralist economic system in a generally congenial international environment. Since 1970 however, the Canadian economy has been challenged, albeit at the margins, by unfamiliar impacts largely originating in the Pacific economy. The institutional reactions of relevant Canadian export interests - defined as the federal government, provincial governments and a small number of Canadian firms - have, on the whole, proved inadequate to these challenges. This inadequacy threatens Canadian domestic prosperity and constrains economic and political options internationally. This study hypothesizes that an adequate response to these new challenges depends on institutional adaptation within and among Canadian export interests. Six principles are advanced to promote this adaptation: 1. the priority of economic considerations; 2. the legitimate role of government; 3. full provincial participation; 4. coordination by the national government; 5. an authoritative voice for each interest; 6. better sharing and use of information. The six principles are applied in three case studies. The first concerns the international marketing challenge posed by the Japanese general trading company (soga shosha), and the Canadian government's initiative to create a Canadian trading corporation. The application of the six principles suggests an alternative proposal, the Canadian Commercial Centre, in which Canadian export interests develop and share information in a way which recognizes the appropriate role of each and the obligation of all to attain a greater coherence. The second case study concerns the recent Western Liquid Natural Gas (WLNG) project which featured a new form of investment (the minority interest joint venture coupled with a long-term supply contract) in which a consortium of Japanese buyers represented by a Japanese general trading company sought to reach agreement with an uncoordinated collection of Canadian firms and governments. The lack of coherence among these Canadian interests was at least a contributing factor in the loss of an opportunity to expand and diversify Canadian LNG markets. The application of the six principles to the WLNG case yields an alternative Canadian approach involving the early establishment of a committee of authoritative officials from the relevant Canadian interests, and a new coordinating role for a federal agency like the (now disbanded) Ministry of State for Economic and Regional Development and the Federal Economic Development Coordinator. The final case study concerns the challenge to trade and investment represented by the movement to a Pacific economic community, notably the Pacific Economic Community concept (PECC). The current reactions of such institutions as the Canadian committee of the Pacific Basin Economic Council and the federal Department of External Affairs are assessed, leading to the recommendation that the Canadian government should involve a wider constituency of current and potential Canadian export interests in an educational policy process which may bear on Canada's future prosperity and political resilience. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

No description available.

Religious education in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints as given by the seminaries is to help youth achieve a meaningful testimony that God lives, Jesus is the Christ, and Joseph Smith is a prophet of God. The purpose of this study was to determine why some youth were not taking advantage of this training by enrolling in seminary.It was determined that the teachers were a negligible reason for lack of enrollment. Rather, the reasons stemmed more from a lack of awareness of the nature of the seminary program by some priesthood leaders, by the youth and their parents. Specifically, some youths would have attended seminary, but due to unique circumstances, such as lack of transportation, were unable to do so. Academic load in school prevented other students from enrolling in seminary. The influence of parents who were inactive in the Church, and who therefore did not encourage seminary attendance, resulted in the non-attendance of their children. The negative attitude of youth towards the Church was more noticeable than the negative attitude of their parents.

Cette étude qualitative examine le développement du texte informatif en classe d'immersion française en 4e année du primaire en Alberta. Le présent mémoire considère le texte informatif sous deux angles : macrostructural et microstructural. Dans cette étude de cas exploratoire, deux productions de textes informatifs ont été collectées chez un élève, l'un en début d'année et l'autre en fin d'année. De plus, quatre autres productions de textes informatifs réalisées en classe ont été prises, productions qui ont été retravaillées par l'élève et pour lesquelles une deuxième version a été collectée. Ce sont ainsi 10 textes informatifs produits dans la langue seconde (L2) de l'élève qui constituent le corpus principal du mémoire. Les analyses des textes informatifs écrits portent sur la structuration hiérarchique des informations, la macrostructure, ainsi que sur les dimensions microstructurales, la syntaxe et le lexique. Les connecteurs utilisés par l'élève sont également analysés dans une interface entre la macrostructure et la microstructure du texte. Les résultats permettent d'observer des lieux d'intervention plus propices que d'autres pour servir la complexification de la macrostructure et de la microstructure textuelles.

Fort McMurray has experienced significant environmental disruptions, raising concerns about chemical releases that affect the environment, particularly berries. This thesis explores the relationship between environmental factors and the nutritional quality of pin cherry (Prunus pensylvanica L.F.) and common blueberry (Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx) fruits and soil in Fort McMurray (reclaimed and natural lands). Samples were collected in August 2022 and analyzed for chemicals and quality variables. The results revealed concentration variations among samples, with hydrocarbons higher in reclaimed areas and blueberries than others and soil surpassing those in fruits. Copper and iron in fruits exceeded regulatory limits. A strong association between soil chemicals and alkylated hydrocarbons in fruits explained most differences. Soil trace elements and properties were primary environmental drivers, while hydrocarbons were secondary influencers, evident mainly in reclaimed berry environments. Antioxidant-focused nutritional quality in reclaimed berries was predominantly influenced by these key drivers in soil, requiring consistent monitoring.

No description available.

No description available.

The processing of bitumen in the Athabasca oil sands region (AOSR) produces extensive volumes of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) and tailings, which are stored within tailings ponds and settling basins to promote the consolidation of solids and the recycling of water. Oil sands operators are actively investigating dry and wet reclamation strategies in order to reduce their inventory of tailings and return disturbed land back to its original state. An important component of the reclamation of tailings is understanding the environmental fate of naphthenic acids (NAs), which are considered the most toxic constituents of OSPW and tailings. However, since NAs exist as a complex mixture comprised of thousands of compounds from dozens of chemical classes, the characterization of NAs within environmental samples poses significant challenges to analytical chemists. This dissertation is focused on the characterization of naphthenic acids by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC×GC/MS). GC×GC/MS offers unparalleled chromatographic separation and peak capacity and has been used in recent years to resolve individual constituents within complex mixtures, including structural isomers. Since the biodegradation and toxicity of NAs is structure-specific and can vary between structural isomers, the profiling of individual NAs by GC×GC/MS is expected to enhance the monitoring of NAs within environmental samples impacted by oil sands activity. In this thesis, GC×GC coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) was used to structurally elucidate a number of ‘unknown’ classical and sulfur-containing naphthenic acids by interpretation of their electron ionization (EI) mass spectra and, if available, confirmed by comparison with the spectra of references standards. GC×GC/TOFMS was also utilized as a fingerprinting tool to assess the temporal and spatial variability at two reclamation sites in the AOSR: Syncrude’s Sandhill Fen reclamation site and Base Mine Lake. Lastly, a methodology was developed which coupled GC×GC with a high resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (QTOFMS) for the improved profiling of NAs. GC×GC/QTOFMS is advantageous for the monitoring of NAs since it can provide useful fingerprints via isomer distributions, differentiate NAs from several chemical classes, and provide a global overview of the elemental compositions (assigned by mass accuracy) within NA mixtures. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)