Vad som inspirerade mig till att skriva denna studie var påve Franciskus besök i Lund och Malmö den 31 oktober 2016 i samband med det gemensamma luthersk-katolska uppmärksammandet av 500 års minnet av reformationen. Syftet med min studie är att undersöka hur reformationen och den katolska kyrkan skildras i sex stycken läroböcker i religionskunskap för gymnasiet och hur skildringarna förhåller sig objektivt i enlighet med skolans läroplan. För analysen av läroböckerna har jag använt mig av en kvalitativ textanalys. Mitt förväntade resultat var att skildringen av reformationen skulle ha en lutherskt präglad syn på konflikten och dess konsekvenser och att jag skulle finna objektivitetsbrister i skildringen av reformationen. Studiens resultat styrker min hypotes då Martin Luther och den lutherska reformationen utgjorde det övervägande utrymmet i alla läroböcker förutom en samt att den katolska reformationen endast skildras i en av de sex läroböckerna. Av de undersökta läroböckerna bedöms endast en som objektiv i förhållande till läroplanen. / What inspired me to write this study was the visit of Pope Franciscus in Lund and Malmö on October 31 2016 in connection with the common Lutheran Catholic attention of the 500th anniversary of the Reformation. The purpose of my study is to investigate how the Reformation and the Catholic Church are depicted in six textbooks in religious studies for upper secondary school and how the descriptions relate objectively according to the school curriculum. For the analysis of textbooks, I have used a qualitative text analysis. My expected result was that the depiction of the Reformation would have a Lutheran distinctive view of the conflict and its consequences and that I would find objectivity deficiencies in the depiction of the Reformation. The results of the study reinforce my expectation when Martin Luther and the Lutheran Reformation constituted the predominant space in all textbooks except one, and that the Catholic Reformation is only depicted in one of the six textbooks. Of the studied textbooks, only one is assessed as objective in relation to the school curriculum.

The maturity level of Internet Protocol (IP) and the emergence of standard Ethernet interfaces of Hydrocarbon Process Automation Application (HPAA) present a real opportunity to combine independent industrial applications onto an integrated IP based network platform. Quality of Service (QoS) for IP over Ethernet has the strength to regulate traffic mix and support timely delivery. The combinations of these technologies lend themselves to provide a platform to support HPAA applications across Local Area Network (LAN) and Wide Area Network (WAN) networks. HPAA systems are composed of sensors, actuators, and logic solvers networked together to form independent control system network platforms. They support hydrocarbon plants operating under critical conditions that — if not controlled — could become dangerous to people, assets and the environment. This demands high speed networking which is triggered by the need to capture data with higher frequency rate at a finer granularity. Nevertheless, existing HPAA network infrastructure is based on unique autonomous systems, which has resulted in multiple, parallel and separate networks with limited interconnectivity supporting different functions. This created increased complexity in integrating various applications and resulted higher costs in the technology life cycle total ownership. To date, the concept of consolidating HPAA into a converged IP network over standard Ethernet has not yet been explored. This research aims to explore and develop the HPAA Process Control Systems (PCS) in a Converged Internet Protocol (CIP) using experimental and simulated networks case studies. Results from experimental and simulation work showed encouraging outcomes and provided a good argument for supporting the co-existence of HPAA and non-HPAA applications taking into consideration timeliness and reliability requirements. This was achieved by invoking priority based scheduling with the highest priority being awarded to PCS among other supported services such as voice, multimedia streams and other applications. HPAA can benefit from utilizing CIP over Ethernet by reducing the number of interdependent HPAA PCS networks to a single uniform and standard network. In addition, this integrated infrastructure offers a platform for additional support services such as multimedia streaming, voice, and data. This network‐based model manifests itself to be integrated with remote control system platform capabilities at the end user's desktop independent of space and time resulting in the concept of plant virtualization.

The Egyptian 2011 revolution is presented in media - as well as statements made by organisations participating in the overthrowing of Hosni Mubarak's regime - as a social media revolution. Despite the fact that internet has been shut down on the government's order on 28th January, just after three days of street protests, therefore forcing the social media revolution to go offline. This paper describes the role of social media in the events of the beginning of the revolution via qualitative content analysis. It focuses on the official Facebook communication of two prominent anti-Mubarak organisations - We Are All Khaled Said and April 6th Youth Movement - in the period between 9th January and 11th February, from the day of first invitation to a 25th January protest to the day Hosni Mubarak resigned. I have identified following sub-themes in the revolution-themed posts: 25th January - the nature of the event, the role of the activist group, organisation, internet shutdown, safety measures, propagation, news reporting, Facebook and event evaluation. The result of my research is that Facebook - albeit important - was only one of the tools of communication, propagation and organization actively employed by both of the anti- Mubarak groups. While useful - and actually promoted as a tool to save Egypt by...

The Egyptian 2011 revolution is presented in media - as well as statements made by organisations participating in the overthrowing of Hosni Mubarak's regime - as a social media revolution. Despite the fact that internet has been shut down on the government's order on 28th January, just after three days of street protests, therefore forcing the social media revolution to go offline. This paper describes the role of social media in the events of the beginning of the revolution. It focuses on the official Facebook communication of two prominent anti-Mubarak organisations - We Are All Khalid Said and April 6th Youth Movement - in the period between 1st January and 11th February, the day when Hosni Mubarak resigned. The result of my research is that Facebook was only one of possible tools of communication actively employed by both of the organisations. While We Are All Khalid Said used Facebook not only to spread information but also to coordinate demonstrations - as well as constantly promoting Facebook as the tool that ignited the revolution, the activist group wasn't able to breach the internet blockade, and after the renewal of internet connection, it started using its Facebook account mainly as an information platform - which was the role that Facebook played for April 6th Youth Movement throughout...

Thesis advisor: Bonnie Jefferson / In 1984, a group of famous British musicians came together to form the megagroup called Band Aid and released the holiday song “Do They Know It‟s Christmas?” to increase public awareness of the Ethiopian famine. A few months later, American musicians under the name United Support of Artists for Africa (U.S.A. for Africa) released the song “We Are the World” to raise money for these famine victims. Both songs were immensely popular and together created a new rhetorical form, the international musical philanthropy genre. Over twenty-five years after the release of these two songs, Sudanese recording artist Emmanuel Jal released his own song “We Want Peace” to raise public awareness for the Southern Sudanese vote for independence. This study examines the creation of the international musical philanthropy genre by analyzing and comparing the songs “Do They Know It‟s Christmas?” and “We Are the World”. This analysis also discusses the implications of the international musical philanthropy genre. After examining the effects of this new genre, this analysis then examines how the new song “We Want Peace” challenges and expands the international musical philanthropy genre. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2011. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Communication Honors Program. / Discipline: Communication.

O atual cenário de escassez hídrica enfrentada por certas regiões e o crescente grau de poluição dos recursos hídricos motivam pesquisas por alternativas para suprir esse déficit, uma vez que a água é um dos mais importantes recursos. Nesse cenário o reuso de água é uma importante e estratégica alternativa de instrumento de gestão de recursos hídricos, pois ao mesmo tempo em que reduz a pressão sob as fontes de água, também reduz significativamente os impactos gerados pelos lançamentos de esgotos em corpos receptores. Desse modo, o trabalho contemplou uma modalidade de reuso ainda não muito estudada, o reuso potável. Por ser uma modalidade que apresenta grandes riscos o trabalho se apoiou nos três aspectos principais associados: tecnologia, escassez e aceitação da população. O trabalho apresenta um estudo de caso para região metropolitana de Vitória, onde foi realizada uma projeção da demanda por recursos hídricos para curto (2015), médio (2020) e longo (2030) prazos, que quando comparada com a disponibilidade hídrica da região, concluiu que num futuro próximo (2015) a demanda será maior que a oferta. Para suprir esse déficit foi proposta uma alternativa de sistema de reuso potável indireto e feito uma avaliação da aceitação da população. / The current scenario of water scarcity faced by some regions and increasing degree of pollution of water resources motivate researches for alternatives to supply this deficit, since water is one of the most important resources. In this scenario, water reuse is an important and strategic alternative tool of water resources management, because while it reduces the pressure on water supplies, also significantly reduces the impacts caused by sewage discharge into receiving bodies of water. Thus, the work contemplated a form of reuse that is not so well studied, the potable reuse. Being a type that presents great risks, the work was supported in three main aspects associated with: technology, scarcity and public acceptance. The work presents a case study for the metropolitan region of Vitória, projected water demands for short (2015), medium (2020) and long (2030) terms, that when compared to water availability in the region, concluded that in the near future (2015) demand will be greater than the supply. To increase the disponibility of water was proposed an alternative system of indirect potable reuse and made an assessment of public acceptance.

O atual cenário de escassez hídrica enfrentada por certas regiões e o crescente grau de poluição dos recursos hídricos motivam pesquisas por alternativas para suprir esse déficit, uma vez que a água é um dos mais importantes recursos. Nesse cenário o reuso de água é uma importante e estratégica alternativa de instrumento de gestão de recursos hídricos, pois ao mesmo tempo em que reduz a pressão sob as fontes de água, também reduz significativamente os impactos gerados pelos lançamentos de esgotos em corpos receptores. Desse modo, o trabalho contemplou uma modalidade de reuso ainda não muito estudada, o reuso potável. Por ser uma modalidade que apresenta grandes riscos o trabalho se apoiou nos três aspectos principais associados: tecnologia, escassez e aceitação da população. O trabalho apresenta um estudo de caso para região metropolitana de Vitória, onde foi realizada uma projeção da demanda por recursos hídricos para curto (2015), médio (2020) e longo (2030) prazos, que quando comparada com a disponibilidade hídrica da região, concluiu que num futuro próximo (2015) a demanda será maior que a oferta. Para suprir esse déficit foi proposta uma alternativa de sistema de reuso potável indireto e feito uma avaliação da aceitação da população. / The current scenario of water scarcity faced by some regions and increasing degree of pollution of water resources motivate researches for alternatives to supply this deficit, since water is one of the most important resources. In this scenario, water reuse is an important and strategic alternative tool of water resources management, because while it reduces the pressure on water supplies, also significantly reduces the impacts caused by sewage discharge into receiving bodies of water. Thus, the work contemplated a form of reuse that is not so well studied, the potable reuse. Being a type that presents great risks, the work was supported in three main aspects associated with: technology, scarcity and public acceptance. The work presents a case study for the metropolitan region of Vitória, projected water demands for short (2015), medium (2020) and long (2030) terms, that when compared to water availability in the region, concluded that in the near future (2015) demand will be greater than the supply. To increase the disponibility of water was proposed an alternative system of indirect potable reuse and made an assessment of public acceptance.

Esta tese consiste no estudo da representação de personagens escritores da obra narrativa de Max Aub (Paris, 1903 Cidade do México, 1972). O corpus está constituído por Campo cerrado (1943), Campo abierto (1951), Campo de sangre (1945), Campo del moro (1963), Campo francés (1965), Campo de los almendros (1968) e Vida y obra de Luis Álvarez Petreña (1971). Propõe-se que os romances citados colocam em movimento um processo de corrosão da imagem de autoridade dos personagens escritores. Tal processo contamina também a figura de Aub, que encena, nos Campos e em Vida y obra..., um debate sobre a diluição de seu poder de narrar. O lócus de enunciação do autor, que escreve a partir do exílio, consciente da derrota dos republicanos na Guerra Civil Espanhola (1936-1939), incrusta-se na forma dos romances, fraturando a imagem de potência dos personagens escritores. / This thesis examines the representation of characters who are writers in Max Aubs narrative work (Paris, 1903 Mexico City, 1972). The corpus is composed of Campo cerrado (1943), Campo abierto (1951), Campo de sangre (1945), Campo del moro (1963), Campo francés (1965), Campo de los almendros (1968) and Vida y obra de Luis Álvarez Petreña (1971). The study proposes that the aforementioned novels put in motion a process of corrosion of these characters image of authority. This process also contaminates the figure of Aub, who performs in Campos and Vida y obra..., a debate about the dilution of his power to narrate. The lócus of the authors enunciation, who writes from exile, and is aware of the Republicans defeat in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), embeds in the form of those novels, and fractures the image of potency of the characters who are writers.

<p>The first hospital outbreak of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and carriage rates of VRE and ampicillin-resistant enterococci (ARE) in Sweden were investigated. Clonal relationships and mutations in fluoroquinolone resistance determining regions among ARE collected nation-wide were studied. Risk factors for ARE infection, shedding of ARE and the presence of the virulence gene <i>esp</i> in ARE isolates and patients on a hematology unit and other units at Uppsala University Hospital were further investigated. </p><p>The first Swedish hospital VRE outbreak was due to clonal spread of <i>E. faecium, vanA</i>. The nation wide carriage rates of ARE and VRE were 21.5% / 1% and 6% / 0%, among hospitalized patients and non-hospitalized individuals respectively. All ARE and VRE were <i>E. faecium</i> and >90% resistant to ciprofloxacin. All VRE carried<i> vanB</i>. Carriage of ARE was independently associated with >5 days of antibiotic treatment. Phenotypic and genetic typing showed a significantly higher homogeneity among ARE compared to matched ASE <i>E. faecium</i> isolates. Mutations conferring high-level ciprofloxacin resistance were found only in ARE. Risk factors for ARE infection included long duration of hospital stay and exposure to antibiotics. Skin carriage was associated with ARE shedding. ARE bacteremia was independently associated with prior ARE colonization and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Death was more common in ARE septicemia cases compared to controls. <i>Esp</i> was significantly more common in ARE surveillance compared to ARE blood isolates from patients on the hematology ward.</p><p>In conclusion, VRE were rare but clonally related multi-resistant ARE <i>E. faecium</i> were highly prevalent in Swedish hospitals. Spread of ARE in hospitals during the 1990s is suggested to be the main explanation for the emergence of ARE in Sweden. Spread was facilitated by use of antibiotics and probably by the presence of virulence genes in<i> E. faecium</i> isolates.</p>

The first hospital outbreak of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and carriage rates of VRE and ampicillin-resistant enterococci (ARE) in Sweden were investigated. Clonal relationships and mutations in fluoroquinolone resistance determining regions among ARE collected nation-wide were studied. Risk factors for ARE infection, shedding of ARE and the presence of the virulence gene esp in ARE isolates and patients on a hematology unit and other units at Uppsala University Hospital were further investigated. The first Swedish hospital VRE outbreak was due to clonal spread of E. faecium, vanA. The nation wide carriage rates of ARE and VRE were 21.5% / 1% and 6% / 0%, among hospitalized patients and non-hospitalized individuals respectively. All ARE and VRE were E. faecium and &gt;90% resistant to ciprofloxacin. All VRE carried vanB. Carriage of ARE was independently associated with &gt;5 days of antibiotic treatment. Phenotypic and genetic typing showed a significantly higher homogeneity among ARE compared to matched ASE E. faecium isolates. Mutations conferring high-level ciprofloxacin resistance were found only in ARE. Risk factors for ARE infection included long duration of hospital stay and exposure to antibiotics. Skin carriage was associated with ARE shedding. ARE bacteremia was independently associated with prior ARE colonization and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Death was more common in ARE septicemia cases compared to controls. Esp was significantly more common in ARE surveillance compared to ARE blood isolates from patients on the hematology ward. In conclusion, VRE were rare but clonally related multi-resistant ARE E. faecium were highly prevalent in Swedish hospitals. Spread of ARE in hospitals during the 1990s is suggested to be the main explanation for the emergence of ARE in Sweden. Spread was facilitated by use of antibiotics and probably by the presence of virulence genes in E. faecium isolates.