Estudo descritivo, feito por meio de dados oficiais, dos acidentes de motocicleta com vítimas (3 390) ocorridos no Município de São Paulo, em 1982, e que tiveram como conseqüência 4 480 vítimas, das quais, 166 faleceram dentro do período de até 180 dias após o evento. Esses acidentes foram mais frequentes e mais graves do que aqueles relativos aos demais veículos a motor. Suas vítimas se caracterizaram como predominantemente do sexo masculino, das faixas etárias de 15 a 24 anos e de 25 a 34 anos e cerca de dois terços da população estudada foi de motociclistas. Em relação ao momento do acidente, constatou-se um pico nos fins de semana e uma distribuição mais ou menos uniforme em relação aos meses e períodos do dia. O coeficiente de mortalidade foi de aproximadamente 2/100 000 habitantes e a relação coeficiente masculino/feminino foi de 6:1. Na natureza das lesões verificou-se que os diagnósticos mais freqUentes foram as fraturas de crânio, os traumatismos internos de tórax e de abdome e as fraturas dos membros inferiores. A maioria dos óbitos ocorreu no hospital (57,23 por cento ) e aqueles no momento do acidente e nas primeiras vinte e quatro horas perfizeram 62,35 por cento do total. A morte ocorreu mais precocemente entre os motociclistas e passageiros do que entre os pedestres. Espera-se que este estudo possa contribuir para o conhecimento epidemiológico dos acidentes de moto e servir corno subsídio para os programas de prevençao desses acidentes, na área da saúde. / This is a descriptive study of official data of motorcycle accidents with victim (3 390) occurred in 1982 in São Paulo city. There were 4 480 injured victims and 166 of them died until 180 days after the event. These accidents were more frequent and serious than others with all motor vehicle different o f motorcycle. The persons injuried were, in majority, males, of age between 15 to 24 and 25 to 34 years old and two-thirds of the population were motorcyclist. Studying the accident scene, the results demonstrated that the apex was in the weekends and there was no significant difference in relation to months and hours of the day. The death rate was close to 2/100 000 inhabitants and male/female rate was 6:1. In relation to the kind of injury, the findings demonstrated the more frequent diagnosis were skull fracture, thoracic and abdominal injuries and leg´s fracture. The majority of death occurred in hospitals (57,23 per cent ) and at accident scene or until twenty four hours after the accident completed 62,35 per cent of deaths. The motorcyclist and passenger deaths were more precocious than pedestrian\'s death. This study will contribute to know motorcycle accidents epidemiology and give support to preventive programmes of this kind of accidents in health field.

Esta tese tem como finalidade propor um método de coleta, tratamento e análise de dados de acidentes de trânsito para aplicação no Brasil. Este método tem como um de seus objetivos reconhecer os fatores que contribuem para a ocorrência dos acidentes, visto que identificar as causas dos acidentes é fundamental na busca por soluções para o problema da acidentalidade. No Brasil as bases de dados de acidentes de trânsito são, em geral, estruturadas a partir dos registros policiais e carecem de informações adequadas para a análise da segurança viária. O método proposto neste trabalho permite registrar acidentes de modo a contemplar: as características do acidente, as circunstâncias do momento, a identificação e as características dos veículos e pessoas envolvidas. Além disso, o método permite relacionar essas informações com os fatores que contribuíram para a ocorrência dos acidentes. Nesse contexto, a criação de uma base de dados de acidentes e seus fatores contribuintes, vem suprir a carência de informações essenciais para o diagnóstico e encaminhamento de soluções adequadas para os problemas motivadores dos acidentes de trânsito. A proposta desta tese está baseada em uma abordagem que combina aspectos qualitativos e quantitativos, alinhada às melhores práticas internacionais na área de segurança viária. Como resultado do desenvolvimento do método, foram elaborados instrumentos de coleta de dados contendo um formulário, um manual e procedimentos para a coleta de dados. Como resultado da aplicação prática desses instrumentos, foi criada a estrutura de uma base de dados que permitiu a definição do método proposto para a análise das causas de acidentes de trânsito. Como meio de validar o método proposto, foi realizado um estudo aplicado e são apresentadas as análises de dados dos acidentes de trânsito observados. / This thesis has the purpose of presenting a method for collecting and processing data on traffic accidents to be applied in Brazil. This method aims to acknowledge the contributor factors for the occurrence of accidents, since identifying the causes of accidents is crucial on the search for effective solutions for the road safety problem. Traffic accidents database in Brazil are generally structured based on police reports, therefore lacking adequate information for the analyses of road safety. The method proposes a registry of the accidents comprising accident characteristics, scene circumstances, vehicle as well as involved people identification and characteristics. Moreover, it allows relating that information with the accident contributory factors. In this scenery, the creation of an accident database and its contributory factors emerge to supply the lack of essential information for the diagnosis and adequate solution for traffic accidents. This thesis’ proposal has an approach that combines both quantitative and qualitative aspects, seeking to level up to the best international practice on the road safety area. As a result of the development of the method, data collection instruments were elaborated: a form, a manual, and procedures for data collection. Besides, as a result of the practical application of these instruments, a database - which allowed the definition of the method proposed for analysis of the causes of traffic accidents - was created. As a mean of validation of the method, an applied study and the data analysis of the observed traffic accidents are presented.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:28:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:56:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de avaliar os riscos potenciais apresentados pelos incidentes em reatores nucleares de pesquisa. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho, duas bases de dados do Organismo Internacional de Energia Atômica, OIEA, foram usadas, o Incident Report System for Research Reactor e Research Reactor Data Base. Para este tipo de avaliação fez-se uso de Análise Probabilística de Segurança (APS), dentro de um limite de confiança de 90% e, Análise de Probabilidades determinística (APD). Para obtenção dos resultados dos cálculos de probabilidades por APS, utilizou-se a teoria e as equações sugeridas em documento da IAEA TECDOC - 636. O desenvolvimento dos cálculos das probabilidades por APS utilizou-se o Programa Scilab versão 5.1.1, de livre acesso, executável nas plataformas do Windows, Linux. Um programa específico para obter os resultados das probabilidades foi desenvolvido dentro do programa principal Scilab 5.1.1., para duas distribuições Fischer e Chi-quadrado, ambas no limite de confiança de 90%. Fazendo uso das equações de Sordi e do programa Origin 6.0, foram obtidas as doses máximas admissíveis relacionadas às probabilidades que satisfazem os limites de riscos estabelecidos pela Comissão Internacional de Proteção Radiológica, CIPR e, pode-se também obter estas doses máximas graficamente com a figura 1 resultante dos cálculos de probabilidades x doses máximas admissíveis. Verificou-se que a confiabilidade nos resultados das probabilidades está relacionada com a experiência operacional (reator x ano e fração) e, que quanto maior ela for, maior é a confiabilidade no resultado. Finalizando, sugere-se uma lista de futuros trabalhos que complementam este. / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:41:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:56:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 04012.pdf: 7834222 bytes, checksum: b31bfdc345cffdd5ddde533b9f81ccae (MD5) / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:27:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:04:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Os acidentes causados por serpentes peçonhentas são considerados um problema de saúde pública no Brasil, e é muito importante que sejam feitos mais estudos para um melhor conhecimento desse agravo. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever as características clínicas e epidemiológicas que foram observados no Hospital de Doenças Tropicais de Araguaína, Estado do Tocantins, Brasil, que é uma unidade de saúde que cuida de pacientes que sofrem de doenças tropicais, no período de 2007 a 2009. Foram estudados 556 indivíduos e as características mais comuns observadas foram: sexo masculino, idade entre 19-40 anos, picada em membros inferiores e os ferimentos causados por serpentes do gênero Bothrops. Os sinais e sintomas mais freqüentes foram dor, edema e hemorragia. A manifestação sistêmica mais observada foi alteração da coagulação sanguínea. As complicações mais freqüentes foram abscesso, insuficiência renal aguda, necrose e infecção bacteriana. Os principais microorganismos identificados foram Morganela morganii (17,1%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14,6%) e Staphylococcus epidermidis (4,9%). Esta flora bacteriana foi semelhante às descritas no veneno e na boca das serpentes por outros pesquisadores. Com base nos resultados dos testes de suscetibilidade sugere-se a continuidade no uso de ciprofloxacin para o tratamento desses abscessos que não respondem à simples drenagem. O conjunto dos resultados obtidos representa um completo levantamento da atual situação dos acidentes envolvendo serpentes no estado do Tocantins e arredores e certamente contribuirá para o aprimoramento das ações de combate aos problemas de Saúde Pública da região Norte. / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Este estudo, que constitui-se como recorte da Pesquisa InquÃrito VigilÃncias de ViolÃncias e Acidentes (VIVA) nacional, tem por objetivo analisar o perfil de morbimortalidade por acidentes e violÃncias do municÃpio de Sobral, identificando subgrupos da populaÃÃo mais expostos aos acidentes e violÃncias e os gastos gerados por esses eventos para o Sistema Ãnico de SaÃde (SUS). Foram tomadas para anÃlise todas as pessoas notificadas nos trÃs anos de ediÃÃo do VIVA, 2006, 2007 e 2009, cuja ocorrÃncia do evento tenha sido em Sobral, totalizando uma amostra de 1577 notificaÃÃes durante os trÃs anos . O recorte temporal aqui apresentado à a expressÃo da totalidade das ediÃÃes da pesquisa inquÃrito VIVA em Sobral. Para fins de organizaÃÃo, interpretaÃÃo e anÃlise dos dados, este estudo foi fundamentado na anÃlise estatÃstica. como teste referÃncia para a anÃlise estatÃstica o qui-quadrado (x2) por ser apropriado para amostras grandes, nÃo emparelhada e de dados nominais. Contamos para tal, com o auxilio dos softwares Microsoft Excel, SPSS e Epi-Info. Os adultos jovens na faixa etÃria de 20 a 39 anos, do sexo masculino e de cor parda foi considerado o grupo mais vulnerÃvel. A mÃdia de idade das pessoas ficou em 23,3 anos de vida, sendo a idade de 20 anos a mais recorrente na pesquisa. Houve maior concentraÃÃo de eventos na zona urbana, em bairros centrais, populosos e de ocupaÃÃo recente. Cerca de 20% dos eventos tiveram associaÃÃo com o trabalho e 19,2% tiveram associaÃÃo com o Ãlcool. Foi verificada a significativa participaÃÃo do ServiÃo MÃvel de UrgÃncia (SAMU) no atendimento e transporte (16,5% dos casos). Foi percebida uma tendÃncia de progressÃo linear do nÃmero mÃdio de dias de internamento (R2 = 0,997) e do valor mÃdio anual dos gastos com assistÃncia em casos de acidentes e violÃncias (R2 = 0,962). / This study, which is as clipping of the Survey Research Surveillance of Violence and Accidents (VIVA) national, to analyze the profile of morbidity and mortality from accidents and violence in the city of Sobral, identifying subgroups of the population most exposed to accidents and violence and expenses generated by these events to the Sistema Ãnico de SaÃde (SUS). Were taken for examination all persons reported in the three years since the publication of VIVA, 2006, 2007 and 2009, the event whose occurrence has been in Sobral, a total sample of 1577 reports for three years. The time frame presented here is the expression of all survey research issues in VIVA Sobral. For data organization, interpretation and analysis, this study was based on statistical analysis. As reference test for the statistical analysis chi-square (x2) to be appropriate for large samples, not paired and nominal data. Count for this purpose with the help of the software Microsoft Excel, SPSS and Epi-Info. Young adults aged 20-39 years, males and brown in color was considered the group most vulnerable. The average age of people stood at 23.3 years of life, and the age of 20 years the most recurrent in the search. A higher concentration of events in the urban area in central districts, and large populations of recent occupation. About 20% of the events were associated with the work and 19.2% were associated with alcohol. It was verified the significant participation of the Mobile Emergency Service (SAMU) in attendance e transport (16.5% of cases). Was noticed a trend of linear progression in the average number of hospital days (R2 = 0.997) and the average annual spending on assistance in cases of accidents and violence (R2 = 0.962).

En cas d’accident grave sur un Réacteur à Eau Pressurisée, l’évaluation de la quantité d’iode susceptible d’être rejetée dans l’environnement revêt une grande importance du fait de la radiotoxicité et de la volatilité de cet élément. Ainsi, une connaissance de tous les phénomènes physico-chimiques se produisant est nécessaire. Ce travail s’est focalisé sur la re-vaporisation, jusqu’à 750°C, de dépôts des PFs contenant de l’iode, particulièrement le CsI et l’AgI, depuis la surface du circuit primaire composée d’acier 304L, 316L et Inconel 600 partiellement oxydés. Les résultats ont montré une influence significative de la composition de l’atmosphère sur les quantités et les formes chimiques de césium et d’iode re-vaporisés. Ainsi, sous vapeur d’eau l’iode et le césium se re-vaporisent intégralement depuis la surface métallique, sous forme de CsI. En présence d’air, l’iode est relâché intégralement, sous forme d’I2(g) majoritairement, tandis que le césium est partiellement retenu à la surface sous forme de chromate de césium, résultant de l’interaction entre le césium et l’oxyde de chrome (III) de la couche d’oxyde. L’utilisation de la technique de spectroscopie optique en ligne IBB-CEAS a permis d’établir la cinétique de relâchement d’I2(g), celle-ci présentant deux pics de relâchement, indiquant l’existence de plusieurs mécanismes conduisant à la formation de cette espèce. Un résultat similaire a été observé pour la re-vaporisation d’AgI en présence d’air. Finalement, des calculs à l’équilibre thermodynamique ont été entrepris afin d’identifier les voies réactionnelles principales pouvant conduire à la formation d’I2(g) lors de la re-vaporisation de CsI en présence d’air. / In case of a severe nuclear accident on a Pressurized Water Reactor, radioactive fission products can be released in the environment and represent a hazard for the human. In order to better predict the progress of the accident and the release of fission products with the use of dedicated simulation tools, the knowledge of all physicochemical phenomena is necessary. This research is focused on the re-vaporisation, up to 750°C, of iodine-containing fission products’ deposits, particularly CsI and AgI, from the surface of the primary circuit, composed of partially oxidized 304L, 316L steels and Inconel 600 alloy. The results have revealed a strong influence of the re-vaporisation atmosphere composition on the quantities and the chemical species nature of re-vaporized caesium and iodine. In steam atmosphere, iodine and caesium are released integrally from the surface, mainly as CsI. In presence of air, iodine is released integrally, mainly as I2(g), whereas caesium is partially retained on the surface of the steel as caesium chromate, resulting from the interaction between caesium and chromium (III) oxide present in the oxide layer. The use of an online optical spectroscopic technique such as IBB-CEAS allowed to follow the I2(g) re-vaporisation kinetics. The latter exhibits two release peaks, suggesting several mechanisms leading to I2(g) formation. A similar result has been observed during the re-vaporisation of AgI in presence of air. Finally, thermodynamic equilibrium computations have been performed in order to identify the main reaction pathways leading to the formation of gaseous molecular iodine in presence of air.

Past research demonstrates the high prevalence of occupational accidents and injuries, and therefore much work has gone into examining potential antecedents to such incidences. However, while some research has examined personality as a potential antecedent, results suggesting personality as a significant predictor of occupational safety remain inconclusive. Therefore, the purpose of the current work is to conduct a cross-sectional multi-source survey study that will take a closer look at the relationships between various personality variables and occupational safety. Essentially, the purpose of the current study is threefold: (1) to examine the relationships between two Big Five personality factors, safety locus of control, and optimism bias as antecedents of safety performance and outcomes, (2) to take a facet-level analysis by breaking up the extraversion and conscientiousness factors into their constituent facets in order to see if each facet may be differentially related to occupational safety when compared the overall factor, and (3) to examine various moderators that may affect the relationships between extraversion and occupational safety. Results of this study suggest that the extraversion and conscientiousness facets are not differentially related to occupational safety. Further, some evidence for contextual moderators in the relationships between personality and safety performance was found. Overall, this study provides further insight into the role that personality may play in predicting safety across various industries.

The opening chapter briefly introduces the Catholic doctrine of the Eucharist and the history of its appropriation into the systematic rational discourse of philosophy, as culminating in Thomas Aquinas’ account of transubstantiation with its metaphysical elaboration of the separability of accidents from their subject (a substance), so as to exist (supernaturally) without a subject. Chapter Two expounds St. Thomas’ account of the separability of accidents from their subject. It shows that Thomas presents a consistent rational articulation of his position throughout his works on the subject. Chapter Three expounds Dietrich of Freiberg’s rejection of Thomas’ view, examining in detail his treatise De accidentibus, which is expressly dedicated to demonstrating the utter impossibility of separate accidents. Especially in light of Kurt Flasch’s influential analysis of this work, which praises Dietrich for his superior level of ‘methodological consciousness,’ this chapter aims to be painstaking in its exposition and to comprehensively present Dietrich’s own views just as we find them, before taking up the task of critically assessing Dietrich’s position. Chapter Four critically analyses the competing doctrinal positions expounded in the preceding two chapters. It analyses the various elements of Dietrich’s case against Thomas and attempts to pinpoint wherein Thomas and Dietrich agree and wherein they part ways. It argues that Thomas’ arguments have a strength and consistency which Dietrich’s arguments clearly lack. Chapter Five applies the argumentative findings from Chapter Four to an assessment of the analyses found in recent philosophical literature of the dispute between Thomas and Dietrich. My analysis indicates that there are some serious and persistent deficiencies in these analyses – first, those treating Thomas’ position, and consequently those treating Dietrich’s – and offers some diagnosis of the root causes of these deficiencies. I conclude with remarks addressed to general doubts about the status of the question of the separability of accidents as an actual ‘philosophical’ question. Résumé: Le chapitre initial décrit brièvement la doctrine catholique de l’Eucharistie et l’histoire de l’appropriation de cette doctrine dans un cadre de discours systématiquement rationnel (c’est-à-dire, philosophique), terminant avec la doctrine de la transsubstantiation et l’élaboration métaphysique, tel que rendu par Thomas d’Aquin, de la séparabilité des accidents de leur sujet (une substance), c’est-à-dire, de la possibilité (surnaturelle) de l’existence des accidents sans aucun sujet. Le deuxième chapitre élabore l’explication de Thomas d’Aquin de la séparabilité des accidents de leur sujet. Est montré qu’au long de sa carrière Thomas n’a jamais basculé dans son articulation rationnelle de sa position. Au troisième chapitre est examiné le refus de la doctrine thomiste par Dietrich de Freiberg, surtout dans son traité De accidentibus, lequel se donne expressément à la démonstration de l’impossibilité absolue d’un accident séparé. En vue de l’analyse influent de Kurt Flasch, selon lequel Dietrich représente admirablement une ‘conscience de la méthode,’ ce chapitre vise à exposer soigneusement le progrès de l’argumentation du traité, tout juste comme le présente Dietrich, avant d’avancer à un analyse critique de sa position. Dans le quatrième chapitre sont soumises à l’analyse les positions rivales, celle de Thomas et celle de Dietrich. Les éléments du critique qu’apporte Dietrich contre Thomas sont examinés et l’analyse différencie les points d’accord et de désaccord entre les deux penseurs. Est démontré que l’argumentation de Thomas a une force et une consistance bien supérieure à celui de Dietrich. Dans le cinquième chapitre, sont appliquées les conclusions du quatrième chapitre à l’analyse de la littérature récente traitante de la dispute entre Thomas et Dietrich. Est montré que cette littérature comporte de graves méconnaissances de la position de Thomas, et aussi, en conséquence, de la critique de celle-ci apporté par Dietrich, et j’essaie d’élucider ce que sont les racines des inconséquences remarquées dans la littérature. Je termine en offrant quelques remarques qui s’addressent à certaines doutes générales concernant le vrai statut ‘philosophique’ de la question de la séparabilité des accidents.

Methodologies to determine, evaluate, and implement prospective measures for preventing marine collisions and groundings are presented. The use of cost-benefit analysis to evaluate prospective safety measures is emphasized. <p> Prospective safety measures are represented as changes to variables that relate to the life-cycle of an oil tanker. Most of these variables, such as crew size and training, are associated with the operational phase. A systems engineering approach was used to develop a causal diagram which models the influence of these variables on a tanker's accident risk and profitability. <p> The practical application of cost-benefit analysis to evaluate prospective safety measures is examined. The benefit of a specific safety measure is presented as the reduction of accident risk derived by implementing that measure. Since human factors play a significant role in most marine collisions and groundings, a risk analysis of these accidents is largely a human reliability analysis. A human reliability analysis is a special case of risk analysis, which emphasizes human factors. <p> The necessity of suitable data for conducting human reliability analyses of tanker navigation is discussed. Recommendations are offered to improve the quantity, quality, and availability of such data. <p> The current economic climate inhibits the implementation of safety measures in excess of established minimum requirements. Reforms of marine insurance practices to promote greater implementation of safety measures are presented. These reforms create financial incentives by firmly linking the cost of insurance to accident risk. / Master of Engineering