Nous nous focalisons dans cette recherche sur les consommateurs chinois qui vivent à l'étranger (en Europe et aux Etats-Unis), pour analyser dans quelle mesure les valeurs et les comportements des consommateurs chinois vis-à-vis des produits et des services de luxe peuvent être modifiés à la suite de leurs contacts avec les cultures européennes (française et allemande) et la culture américaine ; elle vise également à identifier le rôle que les valeurs traditionnelles chinoises jouent dans ce contexte. Les résultats sont présentés dans trois essais distincts. Dans le premier essai, l'influence de la culture française et de la culture allemande sur la consommation des produits de luxe des Chinois est identifiée en interviewant un groupe de 22 consommateurs chinois qui vit en Europe. Dans le deuxième essai, nous nous efforçons de développer et de valider une échelle de mesure des perceptions des valeurs du luxe en Chine et aux Etats-Unis. La conceptualisation transculturelle de ce construit des valeurs du luxe est également étudiée, en utilisant deux échantillons d'étudiants (Chinois et Américains), et deux échantillons de consommateurs adultes chinois (qui vivent en Chine et aux Etats-Unis). Dans le troisième essai, avec les mêmes échantillons que ceux du deuxième essai, nous visons à clarifier comment les Chinois qui vivent aux Etats-Unis modifient leurs valeurs et leurs comportements pour se conformer aux nouvelles normes de la consommation des produits et des services de luxe. Après des analyses, nous conclussions que les consommateurs immigrés se comportent parfois comme les caméléons pour se fondre dans les normes culturelles du consommateur du pays d'accueil. / In this research we focus on the Chinese consumers living in the West (Europe and U.S.), exploring how European cultures (French and German) and American culture influence their luxury consumption values and behaviors, and meanwhile seek to identify the role of Chinese cultural values within this context. These results are presented in three essays. The first essay focuses on exploring the influence of French and German cultures on European-Chinese consumers' luxury consumption, by analyzing 22 qualitative interviews carried out with the Chinese consumers living in Europe. The second essay seeks to develop and validate a scale measuring luxury value perceptions in China and in the United States, and to assess the cross-cultural conceptualization of this luxury value construct, using two student samples (Chinese n=92 & Americans n=92) and two Chinese adult samples (in China n=255 & in the U.S. n=217). Using the same samples as the second essay, we further investigates in the third essay that, the extent to which immigrant Chinese consumers would change in order to comply with the new cultural consensus in luxury consumption. A series of analyses suggest a conclusion that immigrant consumers tend to acquire the prevailing consensus of the host culture, and behave like chameleons, blending into the surrounding environment.

Chan Raymond Mow-chiu. / "2001." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 218-234). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Cada vez mais os brasileiros, principalmente os jovens, estão se interessando pela experiência de passar um tempo morando no exterior. Como conseqüência, essa vivência no exterior pode provocar diversas mudanças na vida desses indivíduos, visto que todas as pessoas que participam de transições culturais estão sujeitas a uma variedade de experiências coletivamente rotuladas como choque cultural, adaptação, adaptação entre culturas ou aculturação. Além disso, ao retornarem para o país de origem, esses indivíduos correm o risco de passar por um choque cultural reverso e sofrer os efeitos do processo de aculturação vivenciados no exterior. Enquanto estudos sobre aculturação focam em mudança cultural como resultado de contato cultural e adaptação, o estudo da aculturação do consumidor, primeiramente, foca na adaptação cultural como manifestação no mercado. Esse é o enfoque do presente estudo, que teve, portanto, como objetivo geral identificar quais são os efeitos do processo de aculturação no consumidor brasileiro durante e após uma experiência de vida internacional. O presente estudo foi desenvolvido através de uma abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevistas em profundidade, com a utilização de um roteiro semi-estruturado, entre os meses de agosto e novembro de 2009, até o ponto em que ocorreu uma saturação teórica, chegando a 21 entrevistados. Além disso, as entrevistas foram filmadas para a realização de uma videografia, visando uma maior compreensão do comportamento desses consumidores. Entre os resultados desse estudo constatou-se que o processo de aculturação do consumidor provoca mudanças em hábitos alimentares, no processo de decisão de compra, na identidade cultural dos indivíduos, entre outros. / More and more Brazilians are becoming interested in having the experience of living abroad, especially Brazilian youth. As a result, this experience abroad can cause several changes in their lives, as all people participating in cultural transitions are subject to a variety of experiences collectively labeled as culture shock, adjustment, adaptation between cultures or acculturation. In addition, upon returning to the country of origin, these individuals are at risk of undergoing a reverse culture shock and suffer the effects of the acculturation process experienced abroad. While acculturation studies focus on cultural change as a result of cultural contact and adaptation, the study of consumer acculturation focuses primarily on cultural adaptation as a manifestation in the market. This is the focus of this study, which was therefore aimed at identifying what are the effects of the acculturation process in the Brazilian consumer during and after an experience of international life. This study was developed through a qualitative approach. Data collection was conducted through interviews, using a semi-structured script, between August and November 2009, to the point where there was a theoretical saturation, reaching 21 respondents. Moreover, the interviews were filmed for the realization of a videography, seeking a better understanding of the behavior of these consumers. Among the results of this study was revealed that the acculturation process causes changes in consumer eating habits, in the process of purchasing decision, in the cultural identity of the individuals, among others.

Dans un contexte largement plus inclusif qu’oppressif, la communauté juive nouvellement réadmise depuis 1656 s’installe, se forme et se construit tout au long du XVIIIè siècle à Londres : au groupe de Crypto-Juifs fragilisé par les persécutions de l’Inquisition et qui trouve là la promesse d’un nouveau départ et de nouvelles espérances, se joint un flot d’immigrants d’Europe de l’Est, qui ne cesse d’enfler. Avec quelques marchands et financiers prospères, et une grande majorité de familles vivant plus difficilement de l’artisanat, du colportage, de l’usure ou de la charité, les deux congrégations fondent leurs institutions religieuses, éducatives, caritatives, voire politiques, et tâchent de s’intégrer dans une société aux valeurs de laquelle elles s’avèrent particulirement perméables. La question du maintien de l’identité juive se pose dès lors avec force, soulevant les problèmes d’acculturation et d’assimilation, voire de conversion. / In a largely more inclusive than oppressive environment, the newly reaccepted Jewish community sets up and builds up in London, during the course of the eighteenth century: a stream of eastern-Europe immigrants which never stops swelling, adds up to the small group of Crypto-Jews, weakened by the persecutions of the Inquisition, which finds here the promise of a fresh start, and new hopes. With a few prosperous mer-chants and financiers and a vast majority of modest individuals, earning a small living as craftsmen, pedlars, usurers or depending on charity, the two congregations found their religious, educational, charitable, and even political institutions, and try to inte-grate in a society to the values of which they prove to be particularly permeable. The question of the preservation of the Jewish identity arises, bringing up the problems of acculturation, assimilation and conversion.

This study explores the role perceived cultural difference and cultural priming have to play in influencing the home acculturation orientation of third culture individuals (individuals who have temporarily lived outside their home culture during their childhood years, or TCIs). Participants aged 19-74 years (N = 301) with a third culture background were surveyed using Amazon Mechanical Turk. Participants were randomly assigned to read a cultural priming scenario that oriented them either toward their home or host country, or to a third control group. All participants completed measures assessing their level of perceived cultural difference between home and host countries, and their level of home-country acculturation orientation. Results of this study supported hypotheses that perceived cultural difference was statistically significant in influencing TCIs’ home acculturation orientation but did not support hypotheses regarding cultural priming and an interaction between cultural priming and perceived cultural difference on acculturation orientation. Findings present implications for how the need for a cultural match between host and home countries can play a large role in influencing the third culture acculturative experience, and also provide further insight into a previously understudied population.

Thesis (M.Com. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

South Africa is no longer trapped in an apartheid era and is now perceived as a multinational state, implying that not only the composition of labour forces have changed, but all other institutions have developed into being more representative of all races. Thus whilst the workplace demographics are rapidly changing, more individuals are preparing themselves to enter the workplace. As a result more diverse cultures also prevail within hostels of higher educational institutions. The objectives of this study were to investigate individual preferences in terms of acculturation strategies as utilised by students in hostels of a higher education institution. Another important objective was to understand the effect of acculturation strategies has on the general well-being and health of individuals. In order to achieve these objectives, Berry's bi-directional Acculturation Model, as well as the Interactive Acculturation Model was used. A cross-sectional survey design with an availability sample (N = 245) was used, taken from hostel students of 3 higher education institution in South Africa. The questionnaire consisted of various items on the acculturation scale, as well as a biographical questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, factor analyses, Cronbach alpha coefficients, MANOVAs, Multiple Regression Analysis, and Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients were used to analyse the data. The results pointed out that females preferred Separation or Assimilation, while males preferred Integration as acculturation strategy. Female hostels preferred Separation as acculturation strategy and male hostels preferred Integration as acculturation strategy. Acculturation strategies in terms of race showed that White groups preferred integration and African groups preferred Separation. Regarding the effect that acculturation strategies have on health, males experienced high levels of physical health problems. Recommendations were made for further research. / Thesis (M.Com. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007

PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION AND ACCULTURATION OF THE TURKISH STUDENTS IN THE UNITES STATES BektaS, Dilek Yelda Ph.D., Department of Educational Sciences Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ayhan Demir 2004, 162 pages The purpose of this present study was to examine the psychological adaptation of the Turkish students in the U.S. by examining the acculturation variables in Berry&rsquo / s (1997) acculturation framework. The sample of this study was the 132 voluntary Turkish students enrolled in various colleges in the U.S. contacted through various Turkish Students Associations of colleges in the U.S., Yahoo groups of the Turkish people who live in the U.S., and Intercollegiate Turkish Student Society. The participants in San Antonio, Texas were contacted by the researcher. The scales used in the study were / a demographic variable questionnaire prepared by the researcher, Perceived Social Support by Friends Questionnaire, modified version of Acculturation Attitudes Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Satisfaction with Life Inventory, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Cultural Distance Scale developed for the present study. Reliability studies of the scales used for the sample of the present study were conducted. Data were analyzed by various statistical analyses. The analyses used in the present study were, multiple hierarchical regression analyses, correlations, t-tests and ANOVAs. Results of the study indicated that Turkish students are found psychologically well adjusted to their new environments in the U.S., satisfied with their new cultural contexts and mentally healthy. Self-esteem, previous travel experience, and met expectations predicted 51 % of the variance in depression / self-esteem, met expectations, English proficiency, perceived social support, and perceived discrimination predicted 41 % of the variance in satisfaction with life. In terms of acculturation attitudes, separation attitude was found to be the most preferred acculturation attitude among the Turkish students and female students were found to prefer integration attitude more than male students. Keywords: Acculturation process, psychological adaptation, acculturation attitudes

La notion de représentation culturelle n’a pas fait l’objet, jusqu’à présent, d’une analyse approfondie qui aurait pu permettre d’en dégager la spécificité. L’intérêt de cette étude portant sur les représentations culturelles de la folie au Sénégal a permis de délimiter un champ de recherche à l’interface de l’individuel et du collectif par une analyse pluridisciplinaire de type complémentaire et une synthèse interdisciplinaire sous l’angle sociologique.Le recueil et la synthèse des données culturelles traditionnelles de la folie au Sénégal et l’analyse des entretiens au sein de l’Hôpital Fann à Dakar ont permis d’entrevoir l’intégration de référentiels issus de multiples univers de sens sacré/profane, magico-religieux/bio-médical au sein des représentations. Cette complexité des données manifestes et latentes, concernant des représentations différentes, au sein d’un même discours remet en question les grilles de lecture simplifiant l’univers polymorphe et changeant des représentations et rappelle l’importance de l’appréhension et de la compréhension des mécanismes d’évolution culturelle et leur impact sur les acteurs sociaux. / The concept of cultural representation was not the object, until now, of a thorough analysis which could have made it possible to release specificity from it. Interest of this study relating to the cultural representations of the madness in Senegal was to delimit a field of research to the interface of individual and collective by a multi-field analysis of complementary type and an interdisciplinary synthesis from a sociological angle.The collection and the synthesis of the traditional cultural data of the madness in Senegal and the analysis of talks from the Hospital Fann in Dakar made it possible to foresee integration of reference frames resulting from multiple universes from crowned/layman and magic-religious/biomedical direction in the representations. This complexity of the manifest and latent data, concerning different representations, within the same speech calls in question the grids of reading simplifying the polymorphic universe and changing representations and recalls the importance of the apprehension and the comprehension of the mechanisms of cultural evolution and their impact on the social actors.

Plusieurs enquêtes nationales et internationales (Lire écrire compter, PISA, PIRLS) ont pointé l’augmentation, en France, des écarts de performances en lecture et en écriture entre les élèves issus d’un milieu socioculturel défavorisé et ceux issus d’un milieu favorisé. Notre recherche s’inscrit dans le champ de la didactique de l’écrit. Elle cherche à montrer comment des pratiques enseignantes qui favorisent le processus d’acculturation à l’écrit et qui s’articulent à un apprentissage « technique » de la lecture et de l’écriture peuvent être un levier possible pour enrayer les inégalités. Pour explorer les liens entre pratiques d’acculturation à l’écrit dans les classes de CP et apprentissage de la lecture, une étude longitudinale a été réalisée dans deux classes de CP situées en éducation prioritaire. Notre démarche écologique et ethnographique s’appuie sur des données qualitatives et quantitatives que nous avons recueillies à partir d’entretiens réalisés auprès des élèves et des enseignantes et de questionnaires renseignés par les parents. Nos propres données ont été complétées par les données issues de la recherche #LireEcrireCP coordonnée par R. Goigoux (évaluations, questionnaires, fichiers « tâches codées », films de séances de classe). Les résultats mettent en évidence d’une part que des pratiques moyennement acculturantes ne permettent pas de faire suffisamment progresser les élèves afin de réduire les inégalités. D’autre part, ils montrent que pour être efficaces, les pratiques d’acculturation doivent non seulement être régulières et ritualisées mais aussi accompagnées de postures d’enseignement qui favorisent les interactions langagières pour rendre explicites les savoirs et les savoir-faire engagés, et qui considèrent l’écrit dans sa globalité et pas seulement comme une activité scolaire. Enfin, l’analyse de deux pratiques d’acculturation exemplaires (production d’écrit et pratiques variées de lectures) dans deux autres classes participant à la recherche #LireEcrireCP indique que des pratiques d’acculturation efficaces sont possibles, même en éducation prioritaire. Ainsi, il ressort de notre recherche que les pratiques d’acculturation assorties de gestes d’enseignement efficients peuvent contribuer à réduire les inégalités scolaires. / Several national and international studies (reading writing numeracy, PISA, PIRLS) have shown that the gap in France between pupils from privileged sociocultural backgrounds and those from a disadvantaged background when it comes to reading and writing is on the increase. Our research focuses on written teaching. We are trying to demonstrate how teaching practices that favour writing cultural integration through technical learning of reading and writing can help reducing inequalities. In order to explore the connection between cultural integration practices for writing in CP classes and learning to read, a longitudinal study was undertaken in two CP classes within a priority education zone. Our ecological and ethnographic approach is based on qualitative and quantitative data collected from interviews with pupils and teachers and from questionnaire filled in by parents. Our own data were compounded with results from #LireEcrireCP research coordinated by R.Goigoux (evaluations, questionnaires, “coded tasks” records, class videos). Results show on one hand that moderate cultural integration practices are not sufficient for pupils’ progress to reduce inequalities. On the other hand, that in order to be efficient, not only acculturation practices must be used regularly and routinely, but they must also be used in conjunction with teaching practices that encourage language interaction in order to make sense of what has been learned, and to consider writing in its entirety and not only in a school context. Finally, analysis of two examples of cultural integration (written assignment and various reading practices) in two other classes taking part in the study #LireEcrireCP shows that cultural integration practices can be successful, even in priority education. Our research therefore demonstrates that cultural integration practices, along with efficient teaching methods, can contribute to a reduction in academic inequalities.