Suppose Gamma is a group acting on a set X. An r-labeling phi: X to {1, 2, ..., r} of X is distinguishing (with respect to the action of Gamma) if for any sigma in Gamma, sigma not equal id_X, there exists an element x in X such that phi(x) not equal phi(sigma(x)). The distinguishing number, D_{Gamma}(X), of the action of Gamma on X is the minimum r for which there is an r-labeling which is distinguishing. Given a graph G, the distinguishing number of G, D(G),is defined as D(G) = D_{Aut(G)}(V(G)). This thesis determines the distinguishing numbers of all actions of S_5. As a consequence, we determine all the possible values of the distinguishing numbers of graphs G with Aut(G)=S_5, confirming a conjecture of Albertson and Collins.

The purpose of this study is to devise a teaching program integrating Big6 skills into project-based learning of social studies. Applying Big6 skills as a learning scaffold, the teaching program helps students to enjoy project-based teaching modes, to cultivate basic information literacy and to promote abilities to learn better in social studies. The research object is 34 students from the 4th grade of elementary school, and the action research is a two-stage and two-circle one. The researcher tried to understand the students¡¦learning status and get the whole picture of the teaching activity by means of collecting and analyzing data such as information literacy questionnaire, the scale for critical thinking test made by Chiu-Ching Chen, activity learning sheets, student inter-evaluations, student self-evaluations, teacher observations, teaching diaries and interview records. The results of the study are as follows: 1. Big6 skills, integrated into the social project-based learning applying two-stage teaching, is suitable for grade four of elementary school. 2. The students who have experienced Big6 skills integrated into the social project-based learning do promote in information literacy, group learning, expression, listening and the ability of using Big6 skills. 3. Due to the shortage of the study time or the not suitable for study tools, the students¡¦critical thinking is not promoted after experiencing Big6 skills integrated into the social project-based learning. 4. The students consider the integration of information and the evaluation as the most difficult steps in the Big6 method. 5. Teachers and students both identify with Big6 skills integrated into the social project-based learning. Finally, integrating the mentioned findings, the researcher offers some suggestions on the future teaching plan as follows: 1. Supply learning scaffold to promote students¡¦learning effects. 2. Integrate information course into language course can save time for learning. 3.Cultivate students¡¦abilities of reading, summarizing and integrating reading materials. 4. Help students to collect information from varied sources. 5. Extend teaching time and carry out each teaching steps.

In terms of the importance of information literacy for future education; the efficacy of information learning is hardly assessed; therefore, the main purposes of this research were ¡]1¡^to assess the efficacy of information literacy education at case school;¡]2¡^to know what influences information literacy of students at case school;¡]3¡^to implement remedial courses based on Keller Plan ;¡]4¡^to assess whether Keller Plan is effective in improving information literacy educa- tion. In order to achieve this goal, information indicators of case school were used as a tool to assess the efficacy of information literacy education at case school and Keller Plan was adopted to improve students¡¦ information literacy. Finally, the production of graduation CD would be used to reassess teaching efficacy after the introduction of Keller Plan. Conclusions of this research were made as follows: ¢°¡B In the pretest, the efficacy of students¡¦ information learning did not corre- spond to information literacy indicators established by case school. ¢±¡B Gender, father¡¦s educational level, information equipment and habits of use did not make a significant impact on students¡¦ information literacy at case school. ¢²¡B Programmed Project based on Keller plan could improve general and inferior students¡¦ information literacy at case school. ¢³¡B Modified version of Keller Plan can be used to elevate students¡¦ information literacy. Suggestions of this research were listed below: ¢°¡B For school administration¡G ¡]a¡^ To establish certification mechanism for information literacy. ¡]b¡^ To adopt spiral curriculum for information literacy education. ¡]c¡^ To open information literacy courses for parents. ¢±¡B For teachers¡¦ teaching¡G ¡]a¡^ To adopt project-based teaching. ¡]b¡^ To integrate cooperative learning into information literacy education. ¡]c¡^ To teach skills before related concepts. ¢²¡B For students¡¦ learning¡G ¡]a¡^ To learn how to screen useful information. ¡]b¡^ To do extracurricular learning. ¢³¡B For future research¡G ¡]a¡^ To expand sampling locally or nationally. ¡]b¡^ To establish national certification system. Key words: information literacy, Keller Plan, action research

The purpose of this study was to examine the time course and kinetics of L-type Ca2+ current (ICa,L) from pituitary GH3 cells in response to various action potential (AP) waveforms using the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique. The major findings in this study are: 1. ICa,L evoked during the AP waveform exhibited an early and a late component. The early component of ICa,L occurred on the rising phase of the AP, whereas the late component coincided with the falling phase. 2. A prolongation of the falling phase of APs led to an increase in Ca2+ charge carried by ICa,L, although the amplitude of the late ICa,L was reduced. 3. When the peak voltage of AP waveforms was prolonged without changing the rising and falling phases, the amplitude of the late components was significantly increased. 4. ICa,L was also found to inactivate during a train of AP waveforms. When Ba2+ ions were used as the charge carriers, current inactivation during a train of APs was decreased. 5. The amplitude of ICa,L evoked by the AP templates with irregular bursting pattern was inactivated. 6. When spontaneous APs with the depolarizing potentials were replayed to GH3 cells, Ca2+ entry was not only spread over the entire AP, but also occurred during the interspike voltage trajectory. 7. When cells were exposed to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH; 10

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the suitable practice and model of knowledge management for CSBC through the action progress of developing a prototypical knowledge system intended for management of Full Specification. This study belongs to action research. The experiment field was Basic Design Section of Design Department in CSBC. It targeted at the shipyard¡¦s core knowledge--Full Specification to develop a prototypical knowledge management system of Full Specification. Through reflection-in-action and reflection-on-action in the process of developing system, the problems and dilemmas encountered by each action plan were reflected to seek for solutions and to revise the action plan. Then the knowledge management system was built. From the progress of action plan, it sought for new findings which can be the reference for CSBC to promote knowledge management continuously. The results of this study were as follows: 1) The environment of knowledge management was built by creating the open working platform. And a prototypical knowledge management system of Full Specification was built by learning-from-action. 2) By the participating, planning, learning of practitioners, it was helpful to emerge the future scenario of knowledge management and the common consensus to advance the knowledge management. 3) The model of organization learning and knowledge sharing was found. If the model combined with the knowledge management system, it was helpful to form the procedure of creating knowledge. 4) The reference frame of action research for knowledge management and the driven model of knowledge management for CSBC were developed.

Extensive development has destroyed and fragmented wildlife habitat in the Lower Florida Keys. The Lower Keys marsh rabbit (LKMR; Sylvilagus palustris hefneri) and the silver rice rat (SRR; Oryzomys argentatus) are listed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FFWCC) as endangered species. Both species depend on coastal prairies, freshwater marshes, and intertidal salt-marsh zones. The objective of this study was to meet specific, species-level recovery goals and to add reliable information that may modify or support current recovery plans. Specifically, I (1) evaluated the use of LKMR reintroduction to suitable habitat, (2) examined characteristics of habitat used by LKMR, and (3) surveyed the Lower Florida Keys for SRRs, documenting current range and examining survey results for the past decade. I reintroduced 7 rabbits (3 males, 4 females) to suitable habitat on Water Key, and monitored their survival and release-site fidelity. All reintroduced rabbits survived and some reproduced, suggesting these translocation techniques are a viable tool for recovery. On Boca Chica Key, I radio-collared 13 LKMRs and compared vegetation characteristics between core-use and avoided areas within home ranges. Binary logistic regression associated rabbit use with high vegetation heights (7–8 dm), low canopy coverage (<=10%), high bunchgrass densities (2.5–3.8/sq m), and forb presence (>5%), supporting the hypothesis that LKMRs may be detrimentally impacted by hardwood encroachment into salt-marsh habitats. For LKMR recovery, I recommend management to resist hardwood encroachment, together with active predator control. I surveyed 36 locations on 18 islands for SRRs, capturing rats on 12 islands, including 2 on which SRRs had not previously been found. Comparisons of my data with historic data suggest SRRs either have increased in abundance over the past decade or that previous trapping efforts were not effective. Abundance of SRRs does not appear to be significantly different from that of populations of rice rats on the mainland. The USFWS and FFWCC should consider revising the conservation status of the SRR; however, it still should be regarded as a unique evolutionary unit with a very limited potential range.

Strategic management is getting important for performing arts groups. Strategic planning for an organization brings steady and sustainable development for the organization. The researcher has observed Kaohsiung City Chinese Orchestra for a long time, and has found that KCCO is facing challenges in both positioning and development: namely, fund application, personnel hiring and evaluation, marketing strategy, and R&D. The aim of the study is to find an efficient management strategy for the Orchestra. This research is based on strategic management, with Hofer and Schendel strategic management level being main structure, merging Nutt and Backoff, Wright, Kroll and Parnell and Robbins and DeCenzo strategic management steps, adding Porter's Five Competitive Forces analysis in the external environment scans, and combining SiTu DaXian's analytical elements in corporate look. The researcher tries to analyze KCCO¡¦s management mode by doing action research and implementing strategic action self-criticism and assessment. The researcher hopes to develop a long-term strategy and find the most favorable operational mode for KCCO. There are three parts in this study: (1) Understanding the purpose of the establishment of KCCO (2) Conducting an internal and external environment scan to identify challenges (3) Planning strategic actions according to strategic issues, suggesting strategic directions and actions, and assessing the effects. This study uses the method of interviewing, participant observation, and analyzing KCCO¡¦s documents. This research, a case study, analyzes KCCO¡¦s operation mode and finds the problems. The researcher uses operable research strategies to do action research and designs interview materials and questionnaires, then analyzes random sampling questionnaires. Finally the conclusion is proved through triangulation. This thesis has five chapters. Chapter One is the introduction, which includes research background, research motivation, research objective, theory structure, research contribution and chapter outline. This chapter explains the backgrounds of Taiwan¡¦s professional Chinese classical orchestras so that we may better understand the orchestras¡¦ development. Chapter Two collects relevant documents and materials of strategic management and sums up research theory and structure. Chapter Three, the research model, includes research problems, research procedures, research field, research object, material collecting, material analysis, and research constraints & limitations. Chapter four elaborates on KCCO¡¦s background and analyzes KCCO¡¦s management present situation in terms of organization framework, source and allocation of funds, program contents, ways of marketing, and R&D. Chapter Five includes strategic directions, issues, execution and assessment, conclusion and suggestions. This research finds that there is room for KCCO¡¦s development in its positioning, funds, professional administration, program designing, brand building, marketing, audience development, extending education, and music reinforcement, all of which will enable KCCO to fulfill its mission: ¡§Get a foothold in Kaohsiung, extend all over Taiwan, and set the eyes on the world.¡¨

The ancient practice of Chinese Martial Arts Science is profound. With the changing times and busy commercial society, most of martial arts have faced the crisis of disappearing and failing to pass down to new generations. However, with the continuous development of science and technology and the conveniences brought by the Internet, using e-learning to teach martial arts has become a trend and it has proven to be a very effective way. If the experiences and knowledge of the elder masters' martial art could be preserved with the assistance of scientific approach of applying e-learning through the Internet and multimedia information technology, the martial arts online courses could be systematically developed so as to help promote the conservation of Chinese Martial Art science. This study attempts to use the latest development of Jeet Kune Do of Martial Arts as an example to convert the actual face-to-face course teaching into a mode of distant-learning based on e-learning. Action research approach will be used in our study. Any Martial Art can be classified into three parts: 1. regulation framework, 2. subject theme technology and 3. kung fu skill; based on these three parts, we then identified what can be implemented online and what are still required Face-to-face instruction. We adopted the imagery practice as the basis and theory to create audio-visual teaching material for the online course. Through a six-week experimental course and three cycles of action research by applying the four main steps of planning, action, observation and reflection. To be able to make adequate revision for the next action plan we interviewed instructors and learners for reflections and inputs which consequently draw up the crucial impact and conclusion on applying e-learning to Martial Arts teaching.

This study applied action research to explore teaching and learning processes on 6th graders¡¦ environmental education with the implementation of Science-Technology-Society (STS) teaching model in order to understand how the model helped to improve the teaching process and learning effect on environmental education. Subjects in this study were 6th graders in an elementary school in Kaohsiung. This study designed a STS teaching plan for environmental education based on Grade 1-9 Curriculum Guidelines, implementing 21 classes for a total of 7 weeks. Data-collecting methods such as records of observation, teaching journal, blog discussion, learning sheets, learning effect checklists, self-evaluation and feedback were used in order to identify the difficulties and solutions of STS teaching on environmental education. Teacher¡¦s reflection and student feedback also helped to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of STS teaching implementation on environmental education. We concluded the analysis of the study as follow¡G ¢¹. With regard to course design and implementation: 1.Further the effectuation of STS teaching on environmental education. 2.STS teaching can improve the learning effects on the five teaching goods of environmental education. 3.STS teaching can enhance students¡¦ interest and ability of science and environmental education. 4.STS teaching combines with blogs to motivate students learning. ¢º. With regard to the perceptions of teachers and students: 1.Games and team competition can improve the focus and the participation of students. 2.Field visit and observation is suitable for STS environmental education. 3.Experimental activities of STS teaching can help students caring for disadvantaged and respecting the surroundings. 4.Team meeting can improve the unequal division of labor and promote their cooperation.

The concept ¡§World Cafe Community¡¨, which is proposed by Juanita Brown and David Issacs, is becoming a new method for team learning. According to Peter Senge¡¦s opinion, ¡§World Cafe¡¨ is just a detail implementation to a deeply dialogue, which is a method for achieving team learning. The main meaning of ¡§World Cafe¡¨ is through group discussion and idea exchange to realize brain storming. However, ¡§World Cafe¡¨ is helpful for diversified communications, but some of the concrete operation details are not suitable for Eastern. The main purpose of this study is to develop a serious of action researches to improve the operation details in the ¡§World Cafe¡¨ model. Through holding three conferences with ¡§World Cafe¡¨, some improved skills in team communication are introduced in each conference. We hope use these improved skills to find out a suitable model of organizational communication and knowledge sharing in holding ¡§World Cafe¡¨ in Eastern societies. This study proposed some improvements such as a new entire printed page, mind-mapping, and talking stick, which could impress participators about the discussion contents and processes. These improvements also make the discussed issues focused. Therefore, the suggested improvements by this study can make people who are not familiar with ¡§World Cafe¡¨ quickly understand the communicated and shared key point and hence, create more team brain storming.