Background - The thesis deals with the topic of committing misdemeanors related to addictive substances. It focuses on primary and secondary misdemeanors, in particular in the areas of public order, cohabitation, property, health protection from harmful substances and others, sometimes also called "general misdemeanors". A systematic collection of information on this issue is only carried out for some primary misdemeanors, and systematic data collection is not available for secondary misdemeanors. Objectives - The aim of this work is to provide information on the rate of committing misdemeanors in relation to addictive substances, i.e. primary and secondary, and knowledge of the occurence and frequency of specific misdemeanors of this issue. Methods - The research part was conceived as a pilot study. For the purposes of the research, the data were obtained through a content analysis of the files kept at the misdemeanor department of the City of Liberec. In the sample, the method of deliberate selection included files that met the basic criteria, namely that the offender committed an offense in connection with an addictive substance, either under its influence or for its action or against drug legislation, or can be assigned to a group of primary or secondary misdemeanors. Data was evaluated in...

Vyresnių klasių mokinių elgesio ypatumai bei požiūris į sveikatą dažnai lemia vėlesnio gyvenimo kokybę. Didelis priklausomybę sukeliančių medžiagų vartojimas, savižudiško elgesio dažnėjimas tarp jaunų žmonių kelia susirūpinimą. Tokio elgesio priežastys kompleksinės: biologinės, psichologinės ir socialinės. Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti vyresnių klasių mokinių asmenybės savybių, įvertintų MMPI metodika, sąsajas su savo sveikatos vertinimu ir save žalojančiu elgesiu. Tyrimas buvo atliktas Pagėgių Algimanto Mackaus, Tauragės Žalgirių, Salantų ir Šilutės Vydūno gimnazijose. Dalyvavo 725, 9-12 kl. mokiniai (41% vaikinai, 59% merginos), jų amžius svyruoja nuo 15 iki 19 metų. Tiriamųjų asmenybės savybėms įvertinti buvo naudojama MMPI metodika, savo sveikatos vertinimui - savo sveikatos vertinimo faktorius, save žalojančiam elgesiui – beprasmiškumo ir minčių apie mirtį faktoriai, priklausomybę sukeliančių medžiagų vartojimui – atskiri klausimai. Aukštėjant klinikinių MMPI skalių įverčiams blogėja savo sveikatos vertinimas, didėja priklausomybę sukeliančias medžiagas vartojančių mokinių skaičius, stiprėja polinkis savižudybei. Aukštėjant D, Pd, Pt, Sc, Ma skalių įverčiams, mokiniai linkę blogiau vertinti savo sveikatą. Didesnis mokinių priklausomybę sukeliančių medžiagų vartojimas siejasi su aukštesniais Pd, Pt, Sc, Ma skalių įverčiais, rūkymas daugiau skiriasi aukštesniais D, Pd, Pa, Pt, Sc, Ma, Si įverčiais, o alkoholio ir kitų narkotinių medžiagų vartojimas skiriasi aukštesniais Pd... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Senior classes pupils behavioral features and attitudes to health often leads to subsequent quality of life. Intense usage of addictive substances and suicidal behavior among young people is in concern. Reasons of such behaviour are complex: biological, psychological and social. Objective of the study was to determine senior classes pupils personality characteristics, valuated with MMPI questionnaire, links to self-assessed health and self-harmful behavior. The study was conducted in Pagėgiai Algimantas Mackus, Tauragė Žalgiriai, Salantai and Šilutė Vidūnas gymnasiums. 725 pupils in grades 9-12 participated (41% guys, 59% girls), from 15 to 19 years old. MMPI questionnaire was used to evaluate personality characteristics, health evaluation factor for assessment of own health, thought about death and futility factors for evaluation of self-demaging behavior, separate issues for addictive substances usage. When MMPI clinical scale ratings increase, health is assessed worse, more pupils use addictive substances, increase tendency to suicide. Pupils with higher D, Pd, Pt, Sc, Ma scale ratings tend to assess their own health worse. Higher usage of addictive substances links to higher Pd, Pt, Sc, Ma scale ratings, smoking more links to higher D, Pd, Pa, Pt, Sc, Ma, Si scale ratings, alcohol and other drug usage more links to higher Pd, Sc, Ma ratings. Increase of Hs, Pd, Pa, Pt, Sc, Ma scale ratings links to higher tendency to suicide.

Fox, N.J. (2002) analizuoja, kaip postmodernios socialinės teorijos apie riziką ir kūną gali padėti mums suprasti, kodėl žmonių elgesys taip dažnai - žiūrint profesiniu požiūriu – nėra vengiantis žalingos gyvensenos. Autorius pažiūri į elgesį žmonių gyvenimų kontekste. Tai suteikia galimybę galvoti apie rizikas iš kitos perspektyvos, žiūrint į žmonių elgesį, kaip į 'eksperimentavimą‘. Tai, refleksyvūs veiksmai, kurių jie imasi kaip dalies savo gyvenimo ir tapatybės išreiškimo. Anot, Baumano, Z. (1992: 76) postmodernumo sąlygomis veikėjai nuolat susiduria su moraliniais klausimais ir yra priversti rinktis tarp vienodai gerai pagrįstų (arba vienodai nepagrįstų) etinių priesakų. Pasirinkimas visuomet yra atsakomybės prisiėmimas ir dėl šios priežąsties jis įgyja moralinio veiksmo pobūdį. Darosi vis akivaizdžiau, jog gyvenimo būdo rinkimasis lokalinių ir globalinių tarpusavio ryšių fone kelia moralines problemas, į kurias, Giddens nuomone, negalima tiesiog nekreipti dėmesio. Modernybės sąlygomis keičiamą "aš" reikia tirti ir konstruoti, kaip dali refleksyvaus proceso, kurio metu asmeniniai pokyčiai susiejami su socialiniais (Giddens, A. 2000: 19, 49). Kaip teigia Janne, S. (2009: 469) tuo metu, kai yra atlikta daug tyrimų susijusių su rūkymu ir yra nustatyti svarbūs su tabako vartojimu susiję rizikos veiksniai, šiuo metu mažai dėmesio yra skiriama socialinei rūkymo reikšmei žmonių gyvenimų kontekste. Pirmiausiai rūkymas suprantamas, kaip individuali gyvensena, o moksliniai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Fox, N.J. (2002) analyses how postmodern social theories about risk and body can help us to understand why human behaviour – watching from a professional view – often does not avoid addictive way of life. The author looks at the behaviour in the context of people’s lives. That gives an opportunity to think of risks from another perspective when looking at the behaviour of people like at “experimentation.”‘. These are reflexive actions, which they take as part of expression of their life and identity. According to Z. Bauman (1992: 76) characters constantly face ethical issues and are forced to choose among equally-well reasoned (or equally-not-reasoned) ethnic precepts under conditions of pos-modernity. Choice is always an acceptance of responsibility and due to this reason it has a nature of moral action. It is becoming clearer that selection of the way of life in the context of local and global mutual relations causes certain moral problems, which, in the opinion of Giddens, must not be avoided. Under the conditions of modernity, alterable “I” must be investigated and constructed as part of the reflexive process, during which changes are associated with social ones (Giddens, A. 2000: 19, 49). As S. Janne (2009: 469) states that while many researches related with smoking have performed and important risk factors related with consumption of tobacco have been established, very little attention is paid to social significance of smoking within the context of... [to full text]

The diploma thesis 'Prevention of the socio-pathological phenomena at the primary school' deals with these issues, putting the emphasis on the theoretical basis. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The basic concepts and the particular socio-pathological phenomena are defined in the theoretical part. Furthermore there are possible causes of formation of these phenomena or precaution in the theoretical part. The main concern of the practical part is the case study of the Gymnasium in Prachatice, its part includes a questionnaire survey intended not only for the pupils but also for the teachers.

The thesis deals with a resistance to a psychological stress at cyclists with disabilities in context of addictive substances use. The theoretical part of the thesis summarizes findings concerning handicapped people cycling, personal characteristics of sportsmen, and also an influence of a sports performance by used substances together with an institutional framework of this issue. In the theoretical part there are described various views of the resistance to the psychological stress with an emphasis on an arousability, dispositional optimism and Sense of Coherence. A score of these three indicators was determined at respondents within an empirical part of the thesis. The aim of the thesis was to define a level of a psychological resistance at cyclists with disabilities and its relation to the addictive substances use. Partial aims of the thesis were focused on respondents´ awareness of effects of addictive substances on the sports performance, particular substances used by respondents, an openness to the addictive substances use to influence the sports performance and views of such a use in the sports environment. Scales of the arousability, Optimism Scale and Sense of Coherence, detecting levels of the arousability, dispositional optimism and Sense of Coherence, were applied in the research investigation. The research sample consisted of men ? cyclists with physical or sense handicaps, participating in cycle racing disciplines in the Czech Republic. Three hypotheses were tested in this investigation. The empirical part of the thesis has led to conclusions concerning a level of the psychological resistance at cyclists with disabilities from aspects of the Sense of Coherence, arousability and dispositional optimism. A frequency of the addictive substances use to influence the sports performance was in accordance with a predetermined hypothesis, the research sample of cyclists with disabilities showed a lower use of addictive substances to influence the sports performance compared to the cyclists without disabilities. Similarly, the openness to the addictive substances use was lower at the research sample.

I selected the topic "Experience of secondary school students and vocational school students in the territory of the town Pilsen with narcotics and psychotropic drugs" for my diploma thesis. Substances that change consciousness have been known throughout the history of mankind. Newer substances, helping individuals to improve their physical and psychical abilities, keep appearing. This reason resulted in an increased demand for such "miraculous" substances in the past years. Life conditions have significantly changed lately, life has become hurried and confusing; striving for money, power, success or admiration prevails. That is why people are forced to pretend that they can cope with stressful situations, when they have to mask any failure or insecurities by never ending search for new resources and possibilities that could help them to stand such situations. The Diploma thesis gives an overview of the well-known substances that are being abused nowadays and the classification of these addictive substances, the work also deals with health and social consequences of drug abuse and, finally yet importantly, provides information about the danger of drug abuse, causes of its development and possibilities of prevention of this problem not only at schools, but also in private lives of adolescents, who are the most susceptible group in today's world. This work also includes statistic surveys that were conducted by distinguished organisations within the territory of the Czech Republic and that were subsequently compared with my own questionnaire survey. In order to find out what experience do students have with narcotics and psychotropic substances, a questionnaire was compiled and distributed for completion among students of selected secondary schools and vocational schools in the territory of the town Pilsen. Although the results of the empiric part of the Diploma thesis proved that the students had experience with narcotics and psychotropic substances, most of the cases related just to experimenting with these addictive substances and only a small percentage of students abused drugs from a long-term perspective.

The diploma thesis deals with neonatal abstinence syndrome which occur to newborns whose mothers were on addictive illegal drugs in the time of pregnancy. The most frequently taken drugs are canabinoids, stimulancias, opiods and opiates, halucinogens, and drugs taken during substitutional therapy. Neonatal abstinence syndrome is a multisystem disorder that frequently affects central nervous system, gastrointestinal system, respiratory system and autonomic system. To diagnose neonatal abstinence system is the most important careful monitoring of baby in the first days of its life. There are different scoring systems which have been developed for assessing the severity of neonatal abstinence syndrome, we use the Finnegan scoring system. Treatment of neonatal abstinence syndrome is mainly supportive and pharmacological therapy. There are also social serious consequences of this problems; mothers are usually not able to take care of babies and children live in children's homes. The aims of this study were to find out special needs of newborns born to mothers using addictive illegal drugs during pregnancy, to find care interventions which help newborns with neonatal abstinence syndrome in their first days of life and to discover interventions helping mothers stop using addictive illegal drugs. The theoretical part of this study is based on research of already presented scientific studies. The practical part of the study problems of neonates of mothers using addictive illegal drugs in first days after delivery. We have used Virginia Henderson's need theory to evaluate neonate's need. We have chosen only the most important elementary components out of 14 components in Virginia Henderson's need theory. I was also trying to find out if nurses know how to help neonates with neonatal abstinence syndrome and what nursing interventions have positive influence to neonates. Another goal was to know how nurses communicate with mothers and if they have positive influence on mothers. The method of communication with mother using addictive illegal drugs was semistructured interview. I wanted to know what kind of addictive drugs mothers were using during pregnancy and if mothers tried to solve their problem in pregnancy, before delivery. Results are sorted into categories and subcategories and showed in diagrams and tables. Neonates of mothers using addictive illegal drugs during pregnancy have problems in all investigated needs such as breathe, eat and drink adequately, sleep and rest, thermoneutral zone and social need. I also found out that some nursing intervences have positive influence on neonates with neonatal abstinence syndrome. Very important intervenes were individual contact with each neonate and quick reaction to every change in behavior. It is also necessary to respect their sleep and rest time, take nursing and medical care together in blocks, use non-pharmacological treatment of pain, feed them individually according to their needs and also try different techniques of feeding, put babies into the right position and eventually nestle, rock or touch them. In last part of the study we discuss mothers who use addictive illegal drugs. We found out that nurses did not speak with them very actively, did not offer them to breast-feed in special conditions, did not tell them about possibility to be with neonate together in the hospital until a discharge. On the other hand, mothers were not interested in the breast-feeding or staying with babies. The goal of the study was to create brochure with information of negative consequences of taking addictive drugs on babies. This brochure is convenient for education of mother and students as well.

The Czech Republic is one of those countries where it is possible to monitor a trend of excessive hard drinking; and the alcohol consummation is quite common and tolerated phenomenon in this country, the same as smoking of tobacco products. The society toleration is high within this field. Experimenting with habit-forming substances is an integral part of this period; therefore just this became the target of my thesis. The theoretical part brings the knowledge of individual socially tolerated habit-forming substances (alcohol, tobacco, excessive use of medicines, caffeine and anabolic substances) and of the related problems. Furthermore, this part contains specifics of university population. The aim of this thesis was to map the problem of the socially tolerated habit-forming substances in university students in term of the students{\crq} preferences and attitudes towards such substances. Simultaneously, the thesis was to verify two forward hypotheses. This verification was followed by the chosen questioning method by means of questionnaires. The questionnaires were addressed to students of the South Bohemian University in České Budějovice. The research set to collect the questionnaire data is made up by 213 respondents as a whole. H1 Hypothesis supposed that university students use the socially tolerated habit-forming substances to a higher degree during the examination period. This hypothesis was not verified. H2 Hypothesis supposed that the student hostel life encourages and increases use of the socially tolerated habit-forming substances. The observed results brought the verification of such hypothesis. The attitude of the students towards the socially tolerated habit-forming substances is predominantly positive. The thesis brought new knowledge and mapped the situation within the socially tolerated habit-forming substances abuse in university students; hence it can serve to implementation of the effective prevention focused on this specific group.

Orientador: Egberto Ribeiro Turato / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T05:36:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Seidinger_FlaviaMachado_M.pdf: 3514258 bytes, checksum: e2c1eb6f42762328f4418b07c0f0199e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O abandono do tratamento, questão cara à saúde pública, constitui preocupação nos transtornos alimentares, pelos altos índices, bem como pelos resultados insatisfatórios no tratamento e pela gravidade do quadro. O presente estudo teve por objetivo compreender o fenômeno do abandono do tratamento ambulatorial nos transtornos alimentares a partir dos significados atribuídos por pacientes que vivenciaram tal experiência. Utilizando-se do método clínico-qualitativo, entrevistas em profundidade orientadas por roteiro semiestruturado foram colhidas, gravadas e transcritas na íntegra. Oito pacientes com ?18 anos que abandonaram o tratamento especializado em ambulatório de hospital universitário público compõem amostra fechada por critério de saturação dos dados. Foi pressuposto que o abandono do tratamento guardasse relação com aspectos psicológicos próprios a esses transtornos. A fundamentação teórica foi ancorada no referencial psicodinâmico, e os achados também são analisados à luz de revisão da literatura científica atual. Foram identificadas oito categorias de conteúdo originadas por enunciação, apresentadas em três grupos. Encontradas como denominadores comuns a todas as demais categorias, enquanto significados psicológicos do abandono para os participantes, as seguintes categorias dizem respeito à psicodinâmica ligada ao abandono, sendo, portanto, categorias centrais: 1.a) "Uma escravidão ao vício, compulsivamente" ¿ dimensão aditiva da anorexia e bulimia e 1.b) "Me senti abandonada, então abandonei" ¿ acting out da fantasia de abandono. Por sua vez, as categorias secundárias relacionam-se diretamente às centrais e revelam mecanismos que participam do fenômeno do abandono: 2.a) "Não gosto que as coisas saiam do meu controle" ¿ abandono como alívio, 2.b) "Anorexia é uma coisa para a vida inteira" ¿ apego/adesão ao sintoma e 2.c) "Eu me dei alta" ¿ melhora suficiente e cura. Por último, por corresponderem aos significados da faceta "tratamento" implicada no objeto "abandono", as categorias consideradas colaterais por serem relativas ao tratamento: 3.a) "No começo eu não aceitava como doença" ¿ negação inicial e superação, 3.b) "Um tratamento dentro do tratamento" ¿ lugar dado à palavra e 3.c) Da "aliança ao vício" à aliança terapêutica como laço. Os resultados confirmam pressuposto do estudo. Os significados revelam elementos simbólicos que permitem melhor compreensão do fenômeno e apontam proximidade às adicções. Dentre os aspectos psicodinâmicos destacam-se: dificuldades com o controle e no campo interpessoal, impulsividade e condutas atuadas; sugerem a importância do laço a ser construído com a equipe, no manejo clínico, inclusive nas recaídas, frente à dinâmica aditiva. Com possível impacto na adesão e nos resultados do tratamento, o estudo aponta ramificações e possibilidades para a terapêutica desta clínica carente de avanços / Abstract: Dropout, a relevant issue for public health, in the case of Eating Disorders is concerning due to the high rates, severity of disorders and poor outcomes. The present study aims at understanding outpatient treatment dropout in eating disorders from meanings attributed by patients to their dropout experiences. It was assumed that dropout could be related to psychological aspects of these disorders. It was conducted a qualitative study adopting the clinical-qualitative approach. The sample, set according to data saturation criteria included eight ?18 years old patients that dropped out of specialized outpatient treatment in a public university hospital. Eight semi-structured interviews have been collected in-depth recorded and fully transcribed. The theoretical basis is grounded in psychodynamic references and the findings are also analysed under the scope of current scientific literature review. Eight content categories originated by enunciation are analysed, clustered in three groups. Found as common denominators to other categories, as psychological meanings of drop out to participants, the following categories refer to the psychodynamic linked to drop out, thus being central categories: 1.a) "Enslavement to addiction (compulsively)" ¿ addictive dimension of anorexia and bulimia, and 1.b) "I¿ve felt abandoned, so I dropped out" ¿ acting-out the fantasy of abandonment. Secondary categories are directly related to the central ones and reveal mechanisms participating in the drop out phenomenon: 2.a) "I don¿t like if things get out of my control" ¿ dropout as relief, 2.b) "Anorexia is for life" ¿ attachment/adherence to the symptom and 2.c) "I¿ve discharged myself" ¿ sufficient improvement and cure. In a collateral plane, corresponding to meanings related to the "treatment" facet implicated in the object "dropout", there are the categories related to treatment: 3.a) "At first I didn¿t accept it as a disease" ¿ initial denial and overcoming, 3.b) "A treatment inside the treatment" ¿ the place given to the word and 3.c) From "alliance to addiction" to therapeutic alliance as a bond. The results confirmed the study¿s assumption. The meanings points symbolic elements that allow for a better comprehension of the phenomenon, revealing the proximity between addictions and psychodynamic aspects such as: interpersonal difficulties, impulsivity and acting out conduct. These suggest the importance of the therapeutic bond to be built with the treatment team, in clinical management, including relapse, in face of the addictive dynamics. The study signals ramifications and new possibilities to the clinical practice in eating disorders, with possible impact in compliance / Mestrado / Ciencias Biomedicas / Mestra em Ciências Médicas

Abstract The aim of the study was to describe and explain the problematic gaming behavior and the relationship between the digital gaming behavior (gaming time, medium, genres and motives), health (psychological, social and physical) and problematic gaming behavior among young people aged from 13 to 24 years. Information received can be used for developing practices to identify individuals with problematic gaming behavior, promote their lifestyle change and subsequently to increase knowledge of the nature of the condition within healthcare education. In this study, digital games means electronic games that can be played through console, computer, network and mobile devices. In the first sub-study, a systematic literature review with synthesis from previous empirical studies (n = 50) about the health outcomes related to problematic gaming behavior was conducted. In the second sub-study, cross-sectional and national survey design with a randomly selected sample (N = 3 000) was used to identify problematic gaming behavior and to examine its associations with the digital gaming behavior (gaming time, genres and motives) and health (psychological, social and physical) among Finnish adolescents and young adults (n = 293). In the third sub-study, a descriptive, regional cross-sectional study was conducted to examine adolescents’ (n = 560) digital gaming behavior and its relationship to problematic gaming behavior symptoms. The data from empirical studies two and three were collected by using an internet-based survey. Statistical methods were used to analyse the data. The findings of the systematic review and empirical study showed that problematic gaming behavior was especially related to adverse psychosocial health outcomes, namely, anxiety, depression and a preference for online social interaction. Problematic gaming behavior was also linked to the use of a cluster of games-characterized features of role playing, action, progression and strategy. Moreover, the gaming motives, such as entertainment achievement, social and escapism, correlated significantly to problematic gaming behavior. Among the sample of adolescents, the blended family structure might predict problematic gaming behavior symptoms. The study significantly added understanding of gaming and health characteristics in the role of problematic gaming behavior among young people. The findings may help to advance in the areas of screening and counselling for PGB. / Tiivistelmä Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli kuvata ja selittää 13–24-vuotiaiden nuorten ongelmallisen digipelaamiskäyttäytymisen yhteyksiä psyykkiseen, sosiaaliseen ja fyysiseen terveyteen. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli tuottaa uutta tietoa ongelmallisesta digipelaamisesta, helpottaa ilmiön tunnistamista ja edistää terveyskasvatusta. Digipeleillä tarkoitetaan tässä tutkimuksessa tietokone-, konsoli-, verkko- ja mobiililaitteilla pelattavia pelejä. Ensimmäisessä osatutkimuksessa arvioitiin ja tiivistettiin systemaattisen kirjallisuuskatsauksen avulla tämän hetkinen tutkimustieto (n = 50) ongelmallisen digipelaamisen ja terveyden välisistä yhteyksistä. Toisessa osatutkimuksessa tutkittiin ositettuna satunnaisotantana (N = 3 000) kerätyn aineiston avulla suomalaisten nuorten (n = 293) digipelaamista, ongelmallisen digipelaamisen esiintyvyyttä sekä ongelmallisen digipelaamisen yhteyksiä nuorten pelaamiskäyttäytymiseen ja terveyteen. Kolmannessa osatutkimuksessa kuvattiin alueellisen poikkileikkaustutkimuksen avulla nuorten (n = 560) digipelaamiskäyttäytymistä ja sen yhteyksiä ongelmalliseen digipelaamiseen. Empiiristen osatutkimusten aineisto kerättiin verkkopohjaisen kyselyn avulla, ja saatu aineisto analysoitiin tilastollisilla menetelmillä. Katsauksen ja empiirisen tutkimuksen tulokset osoittivat, että ongelmallinen digipelaaminen oli erityisesti yhteydessä psykologisiin ja sosiaalisiin oireisiin, kuten masennukseen ja ahdistukseen, sekä korostuneeseen mieltymykseen olla vuorovaikutuksessa verkkoympäristön välityksellä. Ongelmallisen digipelaamisen riski-ryhmään kuuluneet henkilöt suosivat digipelityyppejä, jotka sisälsivät rooli-, toiminta- ja strategiapelaamisen ominaisuuksia. Digipelaamisen motiiveista edistymispyrkimys, sosiaalisuus ja todellisuuspako olivat yhteydessä ongelmalliseen digipelaamiseen. Nuorilla uusioperhetilanne saattoi lisätä ongelmallisen pelaa-misen oireita. Tutkimus lisäsi tietoperustaa nuorten ongelmallisesta digipelaamisesta, pelaamiskäyttäytymisestä ja terveysominaisuuksien merkityksestä. Tuloksia voidaan hyödyntää ongelmallisen digipelaamisen seulonnan ja ilmiöön liittyvän ohjauksen kehittämisessä.