La recherche de cette thèse s’articule autour de mon travail plastique de la série « Raw Meat » où je me sers exclusivement de l’image publicitaire de viande crue que je détourne pour construire des corps féminins. Elle répond à la question suivante : Pourquoi sommes-nous affectés par la vue, par l’aspect de la matière de la viande crue ; et pourquoi sommes-nous davantage affectés lorsque la viande crue forme – ou fusionne avec – le corps de la femme ? L’origine de la force de cette image est ciblée comme issue de notre passé primitif ; la recherche soulève nos liens les plus profonds avec la chair animale et ses pratiques liées aux sociétés primitives, et démontre comment les mythes, les rites, et les interdits autour du corps animal/humain sont toujours à l’œuvre. Nous soutenons les hypothèses d’une image comestible, de l’œil cannibale, de la pulsion scopique au sein d’une œuvre, du regard pulsionnel, voire criminel de l’artiste, de la cruauté de l’être, du dévoilement, de l’image violente (de la femme) et de sa sublimation. Nous regardons comment les différents mécanismes à l’œuvre dans l’image de la femme, à l’instar de la série « Raw Meat », permettent une multitude d’interprétations de la chair, dont les sens vont de notre passé primitif à notre contemporanéité. Notre plaidoyer pour cette polysémie est celle de la nécessité de cette image « vraie » de femme, à l’image de son émancipation. / The research of this thesis focuses upon a series of my artwork in which I utilizeadvertisement photographs taken from local supermarket flyers that depict raw meat. I use these to construct female figures. The research responds to the inquiry: Why are we affected by the image of raw meat; and why are we even more so affected when the images of raw meat compose – or fuse with – the female figure? The origin of the effect this image has on the spectator is targeted as being found within our primitive past; stemming from our relationship with the animal flesh, and thus with the animal itself. We illustrate our profound ties to the animal, including surrounding acts which were an integral part of daily lives in primitive societies. We show how the myths, rites, and taboos, associated with the animal/human body are still at work today. The research supports different hypotheses: the edible image, the cannibal’s eye, the “scopique” impulse within an artwork (relative to the eye), and the criminality of the artist, a being’s cruelty, the unveiling of the body, violent images (of women) and their sublimation. We plead the necessity of this never-been-seen-before, polysemous, “true” image of the female figure whose significance spans from our primitive past to contemporary societies; as one of her emancipation.

<p>I dagens arbetsliv verkar det, överlag, som att det ställs höga krav på personliga egenskaper. Det som bestämmer vilka egenskaper som tas med i en platsannons är vilka personliga krav tjänsten fordrar för att en anpassning till arbetsgruppen ska vara möjlig. Vid utformandet av en platsannons bör de personliga egenskaperna som anges tas i beaktning då tolkningar kring dem kan se ut på olika sätt beroende på vilken kontext en individ befinner sig i. Utifrån det valde vi att genomföra den här studien vars syfte var att ta reda på om det språkliga budskapet angående de personliga egenskaperna i platsannonser når fram på, ett för arbetsgivaren, önskvärt sätt; samt om det finns skillnader mellan arbetsgivarens och de arbetssökandes tolkningar gällande de personliga egenskaper som återges. Utifrån syftet har frågeställningar formulerats, som besvarats i uppsatsen. Den första frågan behandlade vilka konsekvenser kommunikationskanalen och envägskommunikationen får för hur budskapet i en platsannons når fram och tolkas av mottagaren. Nästa fråga som undersöktes var hur arbetsgivaren och de arbetssökande tolkar de personliga egenskaperna i annonserna. Slutligen besvarar frågorna tre och fyra om det finns några skillnader och samband mellan tolkningarna av de personliga egenskaperna. Vår studie stöds av en teoretisk referensram som bland annat behandlar kommunikation och tolkningslära, rekrytering och platsannonsering samt beskrivningar av de personliga egenskaper som vi har fokuserat på i undersökningen.</p><p>För att få svar på syftet och frågeställningarna använde vi oss av en kvalitativ metod, med intervjuer som tillvägagångssätt. Studien utgår från två platsannonser, vars utformare vi intervjuade. Då syftet var att få två olika perspektiv på fenomenet intervjuade vi även arbetssökande. Under intervjuerna fokuserade vi till stor del på respondenternas tolkningar kring de personliga egenskaperna som fanns i platsannonserna.</p><p>Efter genomförd studie samt analys av den, kom vi fram till en övergripande slutsats; vilken är att det finns skillnader mellan arbetsgivarens och de arbetssökandes tolkningar angående de personliga egenskaperna. Arbetsgivarnas tolkningar inryms i de arbetssökandes, trots det uppstod ett tolkningsproblem. Tolkningsproblemet visade sig i form av att de arbetssökande lade en bredare betydelse bakom egenskaperna än arbetsgivarna. Att de arbetssökande hade en bredare tolkning av begreppen, medförde att de hade ett större urval av tolkningar att välja på. Det ger i sin tur upphov till att den arbetssökande kan välja en tolkning som inte stämmer överens med arbetsgivarens. Vi upptäckte dessutom att det fanns betydande samband mellan egenskaperna. Med samband menar vi att egenskaperna är sammankopplade med varandra och därför upptäcktes en svårighet för våra respondenter att entydigt definiera dem. På grund av att samband mellan egenskaperna existerar så tolkas de på ett brett sätt; därför påträffades även skillnader angående tolkningarna, vilket återkopplas till vår övergripande slutsats.</p> / <p>Today it seems like it is important with individual personal qualities in the labour market. The factor that determines what kind of qualities that ought to be included in a work ad are which personal demands the position requires, in due to the individuals’ possible adjustment to the work group. When forming the work ad the personal qualities ought to be considered because the interpretations regarding them can appear in different ways depending on which context the individual exist in. On this basis we chose to go through with this study. The purpose of the study was to find out if the linguistic message regarding the personal qualities reaches the recipient in a, for the employer desirable way; and if there are any differences between interpretations regarding the personal qualities through the two perspectives, employer and the persons looking for jobs. On the basis of the purpose of the study, some questions have been formed. These questions have been answered in this essay. The first questions discuss what consequences the channel of communication and the one-way-communication cause regarding the messages ability to reach and be interpreted by the recipient. The next question examined was how the employer and the jobseeker interpret the personal qualities in the work ads. The last thing examined is whether or not there are any differences or connections between the interpretations of the personal qualities. The theoretical reference supports our study. The theoretical references consist, among other things, of communication and the knowledge of interpretation, recruitment and job advertisement and descriptions of personal qualities.</p><p>In order to answer and approach the purpose and the questions of the study, we used a qualitative method with interviews. The study is based on two work advertisements. The creators of these ads were interviewed. Because of the purpose we wanted to have two different perspectives on the phenomenon, thus we interviewed jobseekers as well. During the interviews we focused on the respondents interpretations about the personal qualities in the work ads.</p><p>After completing the analysis and the study, we came to an overall conclusion; which was that there are differences between the employer and the jobseekers interpretation about the personal qualities. The employers interpretations is included in the jobseekers, despite this a problem regarding the interpretations occurred. These problems were shown in the form of the jobseekers wider view of the qualities, than the employers. The jobseekers wider interpretation of the qualities resulted in a larger selection of interpretations. The jobseeker can choose an interpretation that might not be equal with the employers. We also discovered that there are significant connections between some of the qualities. These connections result in a difficulty for the respondents to define the qualities in a homogeneous way. Because of the existence of these connections they are interpreted in a wider way; thus differences was also discovered, which reconnects to our overall conclusion.</p>

I dagens arbetsliv verkar det, överlag, som att det ställs höga krav på personliga egenskaper. Det som bestämmer vilka egenskaper som tas med i en platsannons är vilka personliga krav tjänsten fordrar för att en anpassning till arbetsgruppen ska vara möjlig. Vid utformandet av en platsannons bör de personliga egenskaperna som anges tas i beaktning då tolkningar kring dem kan se ut på olika sätt beroende på vilken kontext en individ befinner sig i. Utifrån det valde vi att genomföra den här studien vars syfte var att ta reda på om det språkliga budskapet angående de personliga egenskaperna i platsannonser når fram på, ett för arbetsgivaren, önskvärt sätt; samt om det finns skillnader mellan arbetsgivarens och de arbetssökandes tolkningar gällande de personliga egenskaper som återges. Utifrån syftet har frågeställningar formulerats, som besvarats i uppsatsen. Den första frågan behandlade vilka konsekvenser kommunikationskanalen och envägskommunikationen får för hur budskapet i en platsannons når fram och tolkas av mottagaren. Nästa fråga som undersöktes var hur arbetsgivaren och de arbetssökande tolkar de personliga egenskaperna i annonserna. Slutligen besvarar frågorna tre och fyra om det finns några skillnader och samband mellan tolkningarna av de personliga egenskaperna. Vår studie stöds av en teoretisk referensram som bland annat behandlar kommunikation och tolkningslära, rekrytering och platsannonsering samt beskrivningar av de personliga egenskaper som vi har fokuserat på i undersökningen. För att få svar på syftet och frågeställningarna använde vi oss av en kvalitativ metod, med intervjuer som tillvägagångssätt. Studien utgår från två platsannonser, vars utformare vi intervjuade. Då syftet var att få två olika perspektiv på fenomenet intervjuade vi även arbetssökande. Under intervjuerna fokuserade vi till stor del på respondenternas tolkningar kring de personliga egenskaperna som fanns i platsannonserna. Efter genomförd studie samt analys av den, kom vi fram till en övergripande slutsats; vilken är att det finns skillnader mellan arbetsgivarens och de arbetssökandes tolkningar angående de personliga egenskaperna. Arbetsgivarnas tolkningar inryms i de arbetssökandes, trots det uppstod ett tolkningsproblem. Tolkningsproblemet visade sig i form av att de arbetssökande lade en bredare betydelse bakom egenskaperna än arbetsgivarna. Att de arbetssökande hade en bredare tolkning av begreppen, medförde att de hade ett större urval av tolkningar att välja på. Det ger i sin tur upphov till att den arbetssökande kan välja en tolkning som inte stämmer överens med arbetsgivarens. Vi upptäckte dessutom att det fanns betydande samband mellan egenskaperna. Med samband menar vi att egenskaperna är sammankopplade med varandra och därför upptäcktes en svårighet för våra respondenter att entydigt definiera dem. På grund av att samband mellan egenskaperna existerar så tolkas de på ett brett sätt; därför påträffades även skillnader angående tolkningarna, vilket återkopplas till vår övergripande slutsats. / Today it seems like it is important with individual personal qualities in the labour market. The factor that determines what kind of qualities that ought to be included in a work ad are which personal demands the position requires, in due to the individuals’ possible adjustment to the work group. When forming the work ad the personal qualities ought to be considered because the interpretations regarding them can appear in different ways depending on which context the individual exist in. On this basis we chose to go through with this study. The purpose of the study was to find out if the linguistic message regarding the personal qualities reaches the recipient in a, for the employer desirable way; and if there are any differences between interpretations regarding the personal qualities through the two perspectives, employer and the persons looking for jobs. On the basis of the purpose of the study, some questions have been formed. These questions have been answered in this essay. The first questions discuss what consequences the channel of communication and the one-way-communication cause regarding the messages ability to reach and be interpreted by the recipient. The next question examined was how the employer and the jobseeker interpret the personal qualities in the work ads. The last thing examined is whether or not there are any differences or connections between the interpretations of the personal qualities. The theoretical reference supports our study. The theoretical references consist, among other things, of communication and the knowledge of interpretation, recruitment and job advertisement and descriptions of personal qualities. In order to answer and approach the purpose and the questions of the study, we used a qualitative method with interviews. The study is based on two work advertisements. The creators of these ads were interviewed. Because of the purpose we wanted to have two different perspectives on the phenomenon, thus we interviewed jobseekers as well. During the interviews we focused on the respondents interpretations about the personal qualities in the work ads. After completing the analysis and the study, we came to an overall conclusion; which was that there are differences between the employer and the jobseekers interpretation about the personal qualities. The employers interpretations is included in the jobseekers, despite this a problem regarding the interpretations occurred. These problems were shown in the form of the jobseekers wider view of the qualities, than the employers. The jobseekers wider interpretation of the qualities resulted in a larger selection of interpretations. The jobseeker can choose an interpretation that might not be equal with the employers. We also discovered that there are significant connections between some of the qualities. These connections result in a difficulty for the respondents to define the qualities in a homogeneous way. Because of the existence of these connections they are interpreted in a wider way; thus differences was also discovered, which reconnects to our overall conclusion.

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to identify particular features and attributes  that communicate quality in printed advertisements in order to further understand consumer perception of these quality features. Background: Nowadays, cultural images of youthfulness are promoted by media and advertising. Previous research indicate that price, brand name and store names are the most influencing features concerning the quality perception for consumers. However, advertising permits consumers to have access only to a specific level of information regarding the product. Printed advertisement do not present the common attributes such as price or store name that permit to evaluate quality. Therefore this study will examine the features and attributes that communicate quality in printed advertisements from the consumer’s perspective. Method: The purpose of this thesis was fulfilled by conducting a magazine content analysis of advertisements and by conducting interviews with women in the age between 45-60 years old. To analyze the results, theories connected to quality perception and advertising were used. Conclusion: Three interrelated categories were identified to play a significant role in the quality perception: credibility, exclusivity and emotions. When in accordance with each other and in balance, the presence of these categories influence the quality perception. / Syfte: Syftet med den här studien är att identifiera särskilda faktorer och attribut som kommunicerar kvalité i tryckt reklam i syfte att vidare förstå konsumenters uppfattning av dessa kvalitetsattribut. Bakgrund: Nuförtiden främjas bilder av ungdomlighet i media och reklambranschen. Tidigare studier indikerar att pris, varumärke och butiksnamn är de faktorer som mest påverkar  konsumenters kvalitetsuppfattning. Dock tillåter reklam konsumenter att ha tillgång endast till en specifik nivå av information angående produkten. Tryckt reklam presenterar inte allmänna attribut såsom pris eller butiksnamn som tillåter utvärdering av kvalité. Därför kommer den här studien att granska faktorer och attribut som kommunicerar kvalité i tryckt reklam från konsumentens perspektiv. Metod: Syftet med den här studien blev uppfyllt genom utförandet av en innehållsanalys av anti-age reklamer i tidningar och genom intervjuer med kvinnor i åldern mellan 45-60 år. Till analysen av resultaten användes teorier med anknytning till kvalitetsuppfattning och reklam.  Slutsats: Tre sammanhängande kategorier var identifierade att spela en betydande roll i kvalitetsuppfattning: trovärdighet, exklusivitet och känslor.  När i enlighet med varandra och i balans, gör närvaron av dessa kategorier att kvalitetsuppfattningen påverkas.

No description available.

The main purpose of the present study was to explore the effects of characteristics of information given in a job advertisement (amount of information and the specificity of the information) on the potential applicants&rsquo / willingness to apply to the job opening with the mediating roles of credibility of and satisfaction from the information, and attraction to the organization. In addition to that, the factors affecting the decision of the applicants to apply for the job posted such as application modes (internet, by hand in the same city the applicant lives, by hand in a different city than the applicant lives), different selection methods (interview, personality test, knowledge test), and personality characteristics (goal orientation and self-efficacy) were investigated. The study was conducted in three phases. In the first phase, one hundred and seven Middle East Technical University (METU) students were used to decide between two alternatives of goal orientation and two self-efficacy scales, which were translated into Turkish and adapted for the current study, to be used in the main study by determining the validity and reliabilities of the scales. The second phase was the manipulation check, conducted to test the clarity and meaningfulness of the newly developed job advertisements and questions related to the research hypotheses. Thirty-two METU students were used for the second phase. The final phase was the main study. One hundred and fifty four METU students from Electrical and Electronics Department were used to examine the hypotheses of the study.The students were randomly assigned to the three different versions of job advertisement. Additionally, a questionnaire package was given to each participant. The results supported most of the main hypotheses and the proposed model except for the mediating effect of satisfaction. Advertisement type affected the willingness to apply to the job of potential applicant and this relation was mediated by credibility and credibility was mediated by attractiveness to the organization. A main effect of application mode was found for change in application decision, but no interaction was found between application mode and different attraction levels. Goal orientation found to be affecting applicants&rsquo / decision change for different selection methods. Self-efficacy failed to predict decision change for application for different selection methods. Results are discussed along with the strengths and limitations of the study and suggestions for future research.

This thesis was concerned with the branch of Cooperate Social Responsibility known as Cause-Related Marketing, and focused on the moderating effects of cultural orientation and message framing on CRM advertisement effectiveness. The well-established individualist/collectivist cultural domain was employed through application to Taiwanese and Canadian cultural contexts. With regards to framing, differences between altruistically and egoistically framed messages were explored. It was hypothesized that members of collectivist societies would have increased positive attitudes and purchase intentions towards altruistically framed messages, while members of individualistic societies would have more favorable attitudes towards egoistically framed messages. The primary rationale cited was cultural congruency between the participants and the messages. An experimental design was performed, making use of real world style simulated print advertisement copies, as well as pre and post exposure questionnaires. Overall, the two-way interaction between cultural orientation and message framing was upheld, albeit with interesting and notable secondary results. Although the collectivist orientation was correlated with higher altruistic tendencies and as a result higher overall attitudes towards the CRM advertisements presented, this did not translate into higher overall purchase intentions. Potential reasons discussed included the relatively hedonic nature of the product used in the experiment, which could explain the higher overall purchase intentions of the individualistically oriented participants, based on affect-based complementary theory. As well, the increased level of past exposure to and familiarity with CRM campaigns of the individualist group was considered as a possible covariate factor. This was the first study to explicitly relate CRM advertisement attitude to a crosscultural framework through message framing, thereby offering significant theoretical contributions to the social marketing literature. Managerial implications have been stressed throughout, with the findings of clear relevance to the marketer interested in launching CRM campaigns internationally.

This dissertation examines the coming of sound film in Sweden during the years 1928–1932, and the reception of mechanically recorded sounds both in the trade press and among audiences. The novelty of sound film opened up for a negotiation of the perception of sound and image, as it made visible the film medium’s technological construction, before this visibility was once more absorbed by the cinematic discourse. The conversion to sound film is considered from three perspectives -- technology, reception and practice -- as well as through the concept of intermediality, focussing how the audio-visual expression changed during this period. Chapter 1 “Image, Sound, Audience I: ‘Constructed’ sounds - the visibility of technology” deals with these issues prior to the conversion to sound, and the following intermediate years, until sound film had reached a certain equilibrium. Chapter 2 “Production – The Companies” deals with the production and the major Swedish sound companies. Particular attention is given to how formative music in their films transforms itself into a consistent use of non-diegetic music two years before this happened in Hollywood. Chapter 3 “Reception – The Cinemas” addresses the topic of the reception of the first sound films in Sweden during 1929. The argument is that the audience’s re-awakened awareness of the technology described in Chapter 1 was an active part in this process, and that their reactions led back into the advertising campaigns, making them participants in the cinematic event. Chapter 4 “Practice – The Musicians” continues this debate from a musician’s point of view. This chapter turns the focus upside down and looks at the arrival of sound film from a grass-roots perspective. While chapter 4 diverts somewhat in dwelling on issues that do not strictly deal with the conversion to sound, it serves to contextualise a technological invention that changed not only film production and reception, but also had very concrete social repercussions for those that created the sounds of music. Chapter 5 “Image, Sound, Audience II: ‘Authentic’ sounds - the disappearance of technology” dovetails with Chapter 1, addressing similar phenomena at a time when these had become fully integrated and the technology once more became invisible.

Denna studie är grundad i intervjuer som ägde rum på en reklambyrå. Studiens syfte är att utforska innebörden av 'kreativitet' i reklamvärlden. I intervjuerna betonade informanterna i synnerhet vikten av att reklam kommunicerar genom känslor och emotioner. I denna uppsats ges en närmare inblick i vad informanterna anser att känslor och emotioner har för innebörd för reklamskapande. Detta görs genom att tillämpa fenomenologisk teori. Den fenomenologiska analysen förser oss med en djupare och mer vidsträckt förståelse för den intuitiva kunskap informanterna förmedlar. Den öppnar således upp förståelsen för varför känslor och emotioner anses vara grundläggande för reklamskapande. Utifrån en fenomenologisk förståelse för känslor och emotioner diskuteras sedan reklamens roll i samhället i helhet. / This study is based on interviews that took place in an advertising agency. The purpose of the study is to explore the meaning of 'creativity' in the world of advertising. In the interviews, the interviewees especially pointed out the importance of feelings and emotions as a means for communication in advertisement. This thesis provides a closer view of the significance feelings and emotions are considered to have in advertising. This is done by ways of phenomenological theory. The phenomenological analysis provides us with a deeper and more far-reaching understanding of the intuitive knowledge that is brought forth by the interviewees. It opens up an understanding of why feelings and emotions are considered to play a fundamental part in the creation of advertisement. Based on a phenomenological understanding of feelings and emotions I will then discuss what part advertising plays in society as a whole.

Darbo tikslas - Įvertinti šeimos gydytojų požiūrį į farmacijos kompanijų medicinos atstovų teikiamą informaciją apie vaistus ir nustatyti, kaip ta informacija pasitelkiama, skiriant vaistus pacientams. Tyrimo metodika. 2008 m. balandžio – gruodžio mėnesiais, buvo apklausti Kauno mieso šeimos gydytojai dirbantys viešosiose ir privačiose įstaigose. Buvo išdalintos 229 anketos, atsakė – 133 respondentai (atsakas – 58, 1 proc.). Anketiniai duomenys analizuoti naudojant statistinę duomenų analizės programą SPSS 13.0. Statistinis duomenų reikšmingumas tikrintas pagal Chi kvadrato kriterijų, laisvės laipsnių skaičių ir statistinį reikšmingumą (p). Hipotezė apie dviejų nepriklausomų imčių vidurkių lygybę buvo tikrinama naudojant Mann – Whitney testą. Rezultatai. Dažniausiai šeimos gydytojai informaciją apie vaistus sužino medicinos atstovų individualių vizitų metu. Efektyviausi būdai informacijai apie vaistus sužinoti yra konferencijos, individualūs medicinos atstovų vizitai, bei specialisto vedamos apvalaus stalo prezentacijos. Lankančių šeimos gydytojus medicinos atstovų profesija dažniausiai yra gydytojai ir farmacininkai. Beveik trys ketvirtadaliai (72,2 proc.) šeimos gydytojų pastebi skirtingų profesijų medicinos atstovų kompetencijos skirtumus ir geriausiai vertina gydytojų bei farmacininkų kompetenciją pateikiant informaciją apie vaistus. Didžioji dalis (71,4 proc.) šeimos gydytojų bendravimą su medicinos atstovais vertina kaip dalykinį, jų nuomone, bendraujant su medicinos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Aim of the study. To evaluate general practitioners view on how pharmaceutical companies present information about medicines and to determine how this information is used by doctors while prescribing them for patients. Methods. The general practitioners, who worked in private and public health centers in Kaunas city, were anonymously questioned from April to December in 2008. In total, 229 questionnaires were distributed, 133 of which were answered and returned back (the response rate was 58%). Statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed using the SPSS v. 13.0 software package. The associations between the variables were tested by Chi squared test. The hypothesis about the differences between means of two independent samples was evaluated using a criterion of Mann-Whitney test. Results. General practitioners most often get information about medicines from personal visits of medical representatives. The most effective ways of finding out the information about medicines are conferences, personal visits of medical representatives and round table meetings lead by specialists. General practitioners were most often visited by medical representatives who have doctor’s or pharmacist‘s qualifications. Almost three quaters (72.2%) of general practitioners have noticed different competence in qualification of medical representatives and those who had doctor‘s or pharmacist‘s qualification were evaluated best in providing the information about medicines. The greater part (71... [to full text]