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Etudes d'association prenant en compte des mécanismes complexes : application à l'asthme / Genetic Association Studies Taking Into Account Complex Mechanisms In The Context Of AsthmaSarnowski, Chloé 18 December 2015 (has links)
L’asthme est une maladie inflammatoire chronique des voies respiratoires. C’est une maladie complexe et hétérogène, présentant un large spectre de manifestations cliniques dans lequel l’âge de début joue un rôle important. L’asthme résulte de nombreux facteurs génétiques et environnementaux et des interactions entre ces facteurs.Afin d’identifier de nouveaux gènes de susceptibilité à l’asthme et aux maladies allergiques, nous avons réalisé des études d’association pan-génomiques et de clonage positionnel en prenant en compte des mécanismes complexes : 1) empreinte parentale, 2) hétérogénéité de la maladie et 3) interactions gène-environnement.Nous avons tout d’abord réalisé une étude de clonage positionnel pour le phénotype asthme-plus-rhinite dans des familles d’origine européenne de quatre études indépendantes (770 familles recensées par un asthmatique et incluant 3200 sujets) en prenant en compte l'effet de l'origine parentale. L’intégration de données génétiques et épigénétiques, nous a permis d’identifier un mécanisme de médiation de l’effet d’un variant génétique transmis par le père sur le phénotype combiné asthme-plus-rhinite, par une méthylation différentielle d’un site CpG localisé dans le gène MTNR1A.Nous avons ensuite pris en compte la variabilité de l’âge de début de l'asthme dans la modélisation de la maladie par des méthodes d’analyse de survie et avons réalisé une méta-analyse d’études d'association pan-génomiques du délai de survenue de l’asthme dans neuf populations d’origine européenne (5462 asthmatiques et 8424 non asthmatiques). Nous avons ainsi identifié un nouveau locus de susceptibilité à l’asthme localisé dans la région 16q12. Nous avons également mis en évidence que les variants génétiques des régions 9p24 et 17q12-q21 étaient associés à un asthme précoce alors que les variants en 16q12 étaient associés à un asthme plus tardif. Enfin, nous avons réalisé une méta-analyse de cinq études d’interaction pan-génomiques du délai de survenue de l’asthme avec l’exposition au tabagisme passif dans l’enfance (3643 exposés et 5275 non-exposés). Nous avons montré que l’effet des variants génétiques des régions 9p24 et 17q12-q21 sur le délai de survenue de l’asthme était augmenté par l’exposition au tabagisme parental dans l’enfance.La prise en compte de mécanismes complexes dans les études génétiques, nous a permis d’identifier de nouveaux gènes de susceptibilité à l’asthme et de mieux comprendre les mécanismes physiopathologiques à l'origine de l’asthme et de son expression variable au cours de la vie. / Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease. It is a complex and heterogeneous disease with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations in which the age of onset plays an important role. Asthma results from many genetic and environmental factors and from interactions between these factors.To identify new susceptibility genes to asthma and allergic diseases, we performed genome-wide association studies and positional cloning studies, while taking into account complex mechanisms: 1) parental imprinting, 2) heterogeneity of the disease and 3) gene-by-environment interactions.We first conducted a positional cloning study for asthma-plus-rhinitis in European families of four independent studies (770 families ascertained through an asthmatic and including 3200 subjects) while taking into account parent-of-origin effects. The integration of genetic and epigenetic data enabled us to identify that the effect of a paternally inherited genetic variant on the combined phenotype asthma-plus-rhinitis was mediated by a differentially methylated CpG site within MTNR1A gene. We then took into account the variability of age-of-asthma onset in the disease modeling using survival analysis methods and conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of time-to-asthma onset in nine European populations (5,462 asthmatics and 8,424 non-asthmatics). We identified a new asthma susceptibility locus in 16q12. We also showed that genetic variants of 9p24 and 17q12-q21 regions were associated with early-onset asthma while 16q12 variants were associated with later-onset asthma. Finally, we performed a meta-analysis of five genome-wide interaction studies of time-to-asthma onset with early-life tobacco smoke exposure (3,643 exposed and 5,275 unexposed). We showed that the effect of genetic variants of 9p24 and 17q12-q21 regions on time-to-asthma onset was increased by early-life tobacco smoke exposure.Studying complex mechanisms in genetic studies led to identify new asthma susceptibility genes and to better understand the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying asthma and its variable expression throughout life.
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Calculating control variables with age at onset data to adjust for conditions prior to exposureHöfler, Michael, Brueck, Tanja, Lieb, Roselind, Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich January 2005 (has links)
Background: When assessing the association between a factor X and a subsequent outcome Y in observational studies, the question that arises is what are the variables to adjust for to reduce bias due to confounding for causal inference on the effect of X on Y. Disregarding such factors is often a source of overestimation because these variables may affect both X and Y. On the other hand, adjustment for such variables can also be a source of underestimation because such variables may be the causal consequence of X and part of the mechanism that leads from X to Y.
Methods: In this paper, we present a simple method to compute control variables in the presence of age at onset data on both X and a set of other variables. Using these age at onset data, control variables are computed that adjust only for conditions that occur prior to X. This strategy can be used in prospective as well as in survival analysis. Our method is motivated by an argument based on the counterfactual model of a causal effect.
Results: The procedure is exemplified by examining of the relation between panic attack and the subsequent incidence of MDD.
Conclusions: The results reveal that the adjustment for all other variables, irrespective of their temporal relation to X, can yield a false negative result (despite unconsidered confounders and other sources of bias).
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Opakování pseudoslov u bilingvních dětí. Liší se výsledky ve srovnání s dětmi s vývojovou poruchou jazyka? / Nonword repetition in bilinguals. Does performance differ from Developmental Language Disorder?Hasalová, Kateřina January 2021 (has links)
This study investigates the patterns in nonword repetition performance of children with a developmental language disorder and bilingual children. It has been shown by previous research that both children with developmental language disorder and bilingual children tend to perform poorly in nonword repetition tasks. As these tasks are one of the tools often used for diagnosing markers of DLD in young children, diagnosing bilinguals with DLD proves to be difficult, since both of the groups exhibit a poor performance. An analysis of the patterns found in NWR performance of bilingual children and children with DLD might shed more light onto the issue. The study focuses on analysing the performance in a widely used assessment task - The Children's Test of Nonword Repetition. Three samples of data were analysed. The first sample of data consisted of monolingual English-speaking children diagnosed with a developmental language disorder. The second sample of data consisted of Czech-English bilingual children from international schools in Prague who started acquiring English at the time of birth, i.e. simultaneous bilinguals. The third and final sample consisted of Czech- English bilingual children from international schools in Prague who started acquiring English after one year of age, i.e. sequential bilinguals....
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Inlärningsålder och slutlig behärskning av talproduktion i andraspråket : Ett lyssnarexperiment om fonologisk vs icke-fonologisk brytning hos avancerade andraspråkstalare av svenska / Age of acquisition and ultimate attainment of speech production in the second language : A listening experiment of phonological vs non-phonological accent by advanced second language speakers of SwedishEriksson, Rasmus January 2022 (has links)
Föreliggande studie undersökte relationen mellan startålder och slutlig behärskning i fonologi och icke-fonologi (ett samlingsbegrepp för morfosyntaktisk och idiomatisk brytning). Deltagarna var 200 spansktalande andraspråkstalare av svenska, 20 modersmålstalare av svenska (kontrollgrupp) och 28 lyssnare med svenska som modersmål. Slutlig förmåga i fonologi och icke-fonologi mättes genom två brytningsbedömningar av lyssnargruppen, en där talarnas faktiska röster användes för att mäta fonologisk förmåga och en där en syntetisk röst användes för att mäta icke-fonologisk förmåga. Studiens resultat visade att det fanns en stark negativ korrelation mellan startålder och slutlig behärskning för både fonologisk och icke-fonologisk förmåga. Korrelationen var starkare för fonologi än för icke-fonologi. Starålder visades även vara den starkaste prediktorn för inföddlik slutlig behärskning, även efter kontroller av andra prediktorer som ålder, vistelsetid i Sverige och grad av andraspråksanvändning (% i förhållande till L1). Sannolikheten att tillägna sig en inföddlik slutlig behärskning var högre ju tidigare startålder talarna hade och endast talare med startålder mellan 1 och 16 uppvisade inföddlikhet i både fonologi och icke-fonologi. Fler talare uppvisade inföddlikhet i icke-fonologi än i fonologi, vilket kan bero på den unika motoriska begränsning tillägnande av fonologi har.
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Cortical thickness in major depressive disorder across the lifespanTruong, Wanda 10 1900 (has links)
<p>This thesis presents research investigating structural neural correlates of major depressive disorder (MDD). Although there are clear clinical differences between early- and late-onset MDD, they are still subject to the same diagnostic criteria and treatment strategy. Whether these differences translate into differences in cortical structure was examined in this study. By directly comparing early-onset (EOD) and late-onset (LOD) patients, we test whether age-of-onset results in changes in the extent or spatial pattern of cortical thinning.</p> <p>Chapter 1 provides a general background on the cerebral cortex, followed with a focus on cortical thickness. Chapter 2 presents a comprehensive review of the clinical and neurobiological literature on major depressive disorder as it pertains to age-of-onset. Three working hypotheses regarding the differences between early- and late-onset depression are presented and discussed.</p> <p>The results presented in this thesis show that there are both differences and similarities in cortical thickness between patients with EOD and LOD, with differences reflecting spatial extent, region-specificity, and magnitude of thickness differences. We confirmed the hypothesis of greater thinning in the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex in depressed patients compared to healthy controls. We also correlated cortical thickness with clinical variables, which resulted in the finding of a positive correlation in the posterior cingulate cortex with illness severity.</p> <p>Few studies have used age-of-onset as a factor, which may account for some of the heterogeneity and inconsistent results seen in studies of MDD. We found that depression onset in early life is associated with greater disturbances in cortical thickness than LOD, possibly reflecting atypical development. These results provide novel insights into vulnerability and how development of depression is differentially affected by age.</p> / Master of Science (MSc)
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The relationship between adolescent depressive symptomology and substance abuseBlore, Lynda Gail 10 1900 (has links)
This study examines the relationship between adolescent depressive
symptomology and substance abuse. From a literature study six hypotheses
were developed. A quantitative empirical study, undertaken in a South
African high school, investigated the level of adolescent depressive
symptomology and substance abuse, as well as the relationship between the
two. The influence of various moderator variables was also examined.
In line with most international studies, the relationship between adolescent
depressive symptomology and substance abuse was found to be significant.
This research has shown that adolescent depressive symptomology is
significantly and positively correlated with earlier age of onset of substance
abuse as well as frequency of usage. There appear to be gender differences
in the way adolescents deal with their depression in terms of substance
abuse. In addition, risk factors for depression and substance abuse were
confirmed. Recommendations have been made based on these results. / Psychology of Education / M.Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)
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The relationship between adolescent depressive symptomology and substance abuseBlore, Lynda Gail 10 1900 (has links)
This study examines the relationship between adolescent depressive
symptomology and substance abuse. From a literature study six hypotheses
were developed. A quantitative empirical study, undertaken in a South
African high school, investigated the level of adolescent depressive
symptomology and substance abuse, as well as the relationship between the
two. The influence of various moderator variables was also examined.
In line with most international studies, the relationship between adolescent
depressive symptomology and substance abuse was found to be significant.
This research has shown that adolescent depressive symptomology is
significantly and positively correlated with earlier age of onset of substance
abuse as well as frequency of usage. There appear to be gender differences
in the way adolescents deal with their depression in terms of substance
abuse. In addition, risk factors for depression and substance abuse were
confirmed. Recommendations have been made based on these results. / Psychology of Education / M.Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)
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Réorganisation des systèmes anatomo-fonctionnels et de la topologie cérébrale entre les formes à début précoce et tardif de maladie d'Alzheimer. : Approche comportementale et en IRMf de repos / Reorganization of anatomo-functional systems and brain topological properties between early and late-onset Alzheimer’s - : Behavioral and resting-state fMRI approachesGour, Natalina 09 December 2013 (has links)
Les fonctions cognitives reposent sur la communication dynamique de régions cérébrales interconnectées. Dans la maladie d’Alzheimer (MA), les travaux antérieurs suggèrent que le processus neuropathologique cible de façon précoce un ou plusieurs systèmes anatomo-fonctionnels spécifiques. La dysfonction du réseau par défaut a été objectivée de façon consistante. Cependant, ses relations avec les symptômes cliniques et avec l’atteinte des régions du lobe temporal interne qui lui sont fonctionnellement connectées restent à clarifier. L’IRM fonctionnelle de repos est une technique pertinente pour caractériser in vivo chez l’Homme la connectivité cérébrale.Par une approche des systèmes neuraux, ce travail de thèse a pour objectif de caractériser la réorganisation fonctionnelle neuronale dans la MA, ses corrélats cliniques, ainsi que l’influence de l’âge de début des symptômes. Par le recueil et l’analyse des données neuropsychologiques, en IRMf de repos et en IRM structurale, acquises chez des sujets avec des troubles de la mémoire et avec une forme mnésique légère de MA, notre travail apporte des éclairages : i) sur l’implication du réseau temporal antérieur dans la mémoire déclarative décontextualisée et ses modifications dans le cours de la MA ; ii) sur les similitudes et spécificités des systèmes anatomo-fonctionnels ciblés dans les deux formes cliniques distinctes - à début précoce et tardif - de la MA ; iii) sur la réorganisation de l’organisation topologique cérébrale dans son ensemble de ces deux formes de la maladie. / Cognitive functions rely on the dynamic interplay of connected brain regions. Previous studies suggest that in Alzheimer disease (AD), early pathological changes target one or several specific anatomo-functional networks. Dysfunction of the default mode network is a consistent finding. However, its relationship with clinical symptoms and interconnected medial temporal regions remains to be clarified. Resting state functional MRI (fMRI) is an emerging method aimed at characterizing in vivo brain connectivity in the Human.Using a neural system approach, the aim of this thesis was to characterize neuronal functional reorganization in AD, its clinical correlates, and to determine the influence of age at onset. Neuropsychological data, structural and fMRI were obtained in subjects with early memory impairment and mild “amnestic” AD. This work provides new insights into : i) the functional role of the anterior temporal network in context-free declarative memory and its changes throughout the course of AD; ii) the common and specific features in targeted anatomo-functional networks between early and late onset AD ; iii) the reorganization of whole brain topological properties in the two forms of the disease.
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Indicadores antropométricos, de maturidade e percepção da imagem associados à ocorrência da menarca em adolescentes brasileiras / Anthropometric indicators, maturity and image perception associated with the occurrence of menarche in Brazilian adolescentsCastro, Mariana Telles de 14 October 2013 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: A puberdade reuni as mudanças físicas da adolescência como o crescimento pondoestatural e a evolução da maturação sexual. Um marco importante da puberdade no sexo feminino é a menarca. Para sua ocorrência é necessária a interação de múltiplos fatores, destacando-se por sua importância a condição nutricional, da qual faz parte um teor de gordura corporal suficiente para deflagrar não só a primeira menstruação, como também a manutenção dos ciclos menstruais regulares. OBJETIVOS: Este estudo avaliou a associação entre indicadores de estado nutricional (peso, estatura, circunferência braquial e índice de massa corpórea) e de maturidade (idade e maturação sexual) para ocorrência da menarca e avaliou a percepção da imagem corporal em relação a presença ou não deste evento. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, retrospectivo, observacional, de 98 adolescentes femininas, entre 10 e 19 anos, do subdistrito do Butantã, São Paulo, Brasil, que comparou dois grupos: as que apresentaram menarca até três meses antes da pesquisa (27) e as que ainda não haviam menstruado (71). Os dados são provenientes de um banco de dados, coletados na década de 80, mediante questionários padrão, em pesquisa domiciliar e fizeram parte de estudos anteriores. A variável resposta foi a menarca e as explanatórias foram peso, estatura, circunferência braquial e índice de massa corpórea, idade, desenvolvimento mamário, impressão da estatura e impressão da condição nutricional. O processamento e análise dos dados foi realizado no Departamento Materno- Infantil da Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, digitados em planilha Excel® e analisados pelo programa EpiInfo versão 3.5.3 CDC e WHO Anthro versão 3.2.2 OMS. As variáveis foram descritas através de suas distribuições, frequências, médias, desvios-padrão e medianas. Testes paramétricos e não paramétricos foram usados na dependência da distribuição normal ou não das variáveis. Os indicadores que apresentaram significância estatística nos modelos univariados e apresentaram baixa correlação entre si foram testados em modelo de regressão logística para controle das variáveis de confusão. A análise da percepção da autoimagem foi realizada pela correlação entre impressão da estatura e condição nutricional com classificação do referencial gráfico. RESULTADOS: Peso, estatura, circunferência braquial, índice de massa corpórea sempre foram superiores para adolescentes com menarca em relação às sem menarca (diferença estatisticamente significativa). A primeira menstruação ocorreu mais frequentemente no estágio de desenvolvimento M4 de Tanner, com média idade de 13,26 anos. Todas as variáveis estudadas se mostraram associadas à ocorrência da menarca nas análises univariadas. No modelo multivariado, o índice de massa corpórea se revelou o principal desencadeante da menarca. Mostraram-se também associados à primeira menstruação: o desenvolvimento mamário e a idade. Foi observada uma correlação positiva entre a percepção da imagem corporal e a classificação gráfica nas meninas com e sem menarca. CONCLUSÃO: O estado nutricional, traduzido pelo índice de massa corpórea, destacou-se como principal fator desencadeante para a ocorrência da menarca, mesmo frente aos indicadores neuroendócrinos e a idade, confirmando a relevância da força do ambiente sobre a herança. Não houve diferença da percepção da imagem corporal para meninas com e sem menarca / INTRODUCTION: Puberty gathers the physical changes of adolescence such as the growth spurt and evolution of sexual maturation. An important biologic mark of puberty in females is menarche. For its occurrence an interaction of multiple factors are required, mainly the nutritional status whose body fat, depending on its amount, might trigger not only the first period, but also the maintenance of regular menstrual cycles. OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the association between indicators of nutritional status (weight, height, arm circumference and body mass index) and maturity (age and sexual maturity) for the occurrence of menarche and it assessed the perception of body image compared with the presence or absence of this event. METHODS: It is a cross-sectional, retrospective, observational study of 98 female adolescents between 10 and 19 years old, in the sub-district of Butantan, Sao Paulo, Brazil, which compared two groups: those that had menarche up to three months before the survey (27) and those that had not menstruated (71). The data come from a database, collected in 80, through standard questionnaires on household survey. These data have already been part of previous studies. The variable response was the menarche, and the explanatory variables were weight, height, arm circumference, body mass index, age and breast development, height perception and nutritional status perception. The processing and analysis of data were performed in the Department of Maternal and Child School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, typed in Excel ® spreadsheet and analyzed by using EpiInfo version 3.5.3 CDC and WHO Anthro version 3.2.2 WHO. The variables were described according to their distributions, frequencies, means, standard deviations and medians. Parametric and non-parametric tests were used depending on the normal distribution of the variables or not. The indicators that showed statistical significance in the univariate models and showed low correlation between them were tested in a logistic regression model for the control of the confusion variables. The analysis of the perception of selfimage was performed by correlation between height and nutritional status perception with reference graph. RESULTS: Weight, height, arm circumference, body mass index were always higher for the adolescents who had menarche than for those who did not (statistically significant difference). The first period occurred more often in adolescents in stage of breast development M4, at the mean age of 13.26. In univariate analysis, all variables were associated with the occurrence of menarche. In the final model of logistic regression the body mass index was the main trigger of menarche. The other variables associated with the menarche were: breast development and age. It was a positive correlation between the perception of body image and graphical classification in girls with and without menarche. CONCLUSIONS: The nutritional status, reflected by body mass index, stood out as the main triggering factor for the occurrence of menarche, even against neuroendocrine indicators and age, confirming the relevance of the strength of the environment on the inheritance. There was no difference in the perception of body image for girls with and without menarche
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Indicadores antropométricos, de maturidade e percepção da imagem associados à ocorrência da menarca em adolescentes brasileiras / Anthropometric indicators, maturity and image perception associated with the occurrence of menarche in Brazilian adolescentsMariana Telles de Castro 14 October 2013 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: A puberdade reuni as mudanças físicas da adolescência como o crescimento pondoestatural e a evolução da maturação sexual. Um marco importante da puberdade no sexo feminino é a menarca. Para sua ocorrência é necessária a interação de múltiplos fatores, destacando-se por sua importância a condição nutricional, da qual faz parte um teor de gordura corporal suficiente para deflagrar não só a primeira menstruação, como também a manutenção dos ciclos menstruais regulares. OBJETIVOS: Este estudo avaliou a associação entre indicadores de estado nutricional (peso, estatura, circunferência braquial e índice de massa corpórea) e de maturidade (idade e maturação sexual) para ocorrência da menarca e avaliou a percepção da imagem corporal em relação a presença ou não deste evento. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, retrospectivo, observacional, de 98 adolescentes femininas, entre 10 e 19 anos, do subdistrito do Butantã, São Paulo, Brasil, que comparou dois grupos: as que apresentaram menarca até três meses antes da pesquisa (27) e as que ainda não haviam menstruado (71). Os dados são provenientes de um banco de dados, coletados na década de 80, mediante questionários padrão, em pesquisa domiciliar e fizeram parte de estudos anteriores. A variável resposta foi a menarca e as explanatórias foram peso, estatura, circunferência braquial e índice de massa corpórea, idade, desenvolvimento mamário, impressão da estatura e impressão da condição nutricional. O processamento e análise dos dados foi realizado no Departamento Materno- Infantil da Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, digitados em planilha Excel® e analisados pelo programa EpiInfo versão 3.5.3 CDC e WHO Anthro versão 3.2.2 OMS. As variáveis foram descritas através de suas distribuições, frequências, médias, desvios-padrão e medianas. Testes paramétricos e não paramétricos foram usados na dependência da distribuição normal ou não das variáveis. Os indicadores que apresentaram significância estatística nos modelos univariados e apresentaram baixa correlação entre si foram testados em modelo de regressão logística para controle das variáveis de confusão. A análise da percepção da autoimagem foi realizada pela correlação entre impressão da estatura e condição nutricional com classificação do referencial gráfico. RESULTADOS: Peso, estatura, circunferência braquial, índice de massa corpórea sempre foram superiores para adolescentes com menarca em relação às sem menarca (diferença estatisticamente significativa). A primeira menstruação ocorreu mais frequentemente no estágio de desenvolvimento M4 de Tanner, com média idade de 13,26 anos. Todas as variáveis estudadas se mostraram associadas à ocorrência da menarca nas análises univariadas. No modelo multivariado, o índice de massa corpórea se revelou o principal desencadeante da menarca. Mostraram-se também associados à primeira menstruação: o desenvolvimento mamário e a idade. Foi observada uma correlação positiva entre a percepção da imagem corporal e a classificação gráfica nas meninas com e sem menarca. CONCLUSÃO: O estado nutricional, traduzido pelo índice de massa corpórea, destacou-se como principal fator desencadeante para a ocorrência da menarca, mesmo frente aos indicadores neuroendócrinos e a idade, confirmando a relevância da força do ambiente sobre a herança. Não houve diferença da percepção da imagem corporal para meninas com e sem menarca / INTRODUCTION: Puberty gathers the physical changes of adolescence such as the growth spurt and evolution of sexual maturation. An important biologic mark of puberty in females is menarche. For its occurrence an interaction of multiple factors are required, mainly the nutritional status whose body fat, depending on its amount, might trigger not only the first period, but also the maintenance of regular menstrual cycles. OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the association between indicators of nutritional status (weight, height, arm circumference and body mass index) and maturity (age and sexual maturity) for the occurrence of menarche and it assessed the perception of body image compared with the presence or absence of this event. METHODS: It is a cross-sectional, retrospective, observational study of 98 female adolescents between 10 and 19 years old, in the sub-district of Butantan, Sao Paulo, Brazil, which compared two groups: those that had menarche up to three months before the survey (27) and those that had not menstruated (71). The data come from a database, collected in 80, through standard questionnaires on household survey. These data have already been part of previous studies. The variable response was the menarche, and the explanatory variables were weight, height, arm circumference, body mass index, age and breast development, height perception and nutritional status perception. The processing and analysis of data were performed in the Department of Maternal and Child School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, typed in Excel ® spreadsheet and analyzed by using EpiInfo version 3.5.3 CDC and WHO Anthro version 3.2.2 WHO. The variables were described according to their distributions, frequencies, means, standard deviations and medians. Parametric and non-parametric tests were used depending on the normal distribution of the variables or not. The indicators that showed statistical significance in the univariate models and showed low correlation between them were tested in a logistic regression model for the control of the confusion variables. The analysis of the perception of selfimage was performed by correlation between height and nutritional status perception with reference graph. RESULTS: Weight, height, arm circumference, body mass index were always higher for the adolescents who had menarche than for those who did not (statistically significant difference). The first period occurred more often in adolescents in stage of breast development M4, at the mean age of 13.26. In univariate analysis, all variables were associated with the occurrence of menarche. In the final model of logistic regression the body mass index was the main trigger of menarche. The other variables associated with the menarche were: breast development and age. It was a positive correlation between the perception of body image and graphical classification in girls with and without menarche. CONCLUSIONS: The nutritional status, reflected by body mass index, stood out as the main triggering factor for the occurrence of menarche, even against neuroendocrine indicators and age, confirming the relevance of the strength of the environment on the inheritance. There was no difference in the perception of body image for girls with and without menarche
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