The thesis outlines the usual parametric analysis of field failure time data for repairable equipments. Due to shortcomings of this black-box approach, exploratory reliability analysis has been adopted to exploit the available data and so learn more about the physical failure process. Elements of exploratory analysis have appeared in recent statistical applications of point process, time series and multivariate methods in the area. These approaches are reviewed and investigated. Exploratory analysis of much field time between failure and limited repair time data for hardware equipments has been undertaken. Despite being from different physical mechanisms, software failure interval data has the same underlying statistical point process as such hardware data and has been similarly investigated. Simple graphs, often with simulation bounds, inference procedures for nonhomogeneous Poisson processes and Box-Jenkins analysis have been used to search for and model aspects of structure expected in reliability data. The appropriateness of the methods is discussed. As well as revealing that (constant) failure rates are often unsuitable summaries, exploratory analysis has highlighted features previously unknown or ignored. The identified time structures, data irregularities and other complexities are described. Exploratory analysis indicated potential dependent failures. A simulation-based graphical tool for highlighting these important events is described. Applications to real data have shown this is a promising approach. Principal coordinates and cluster analyses have been used to explore multivariate field data for automatic fire detection systems in an attempt to identify circumstances leading to false alarms. Data problems limited this analysis. Exploratory analysis has revealed it is common in reliability to assume a too simplistic model formulation compared with the true complex data structures. The implications of this for reliability data collection. storage and analysis are discussed. While an exploratory approach is generally successful, some specialisation of standard statistical methods for reliability is desirable.

Object-oriented systems that undergo repeated modifications commonly endure a loss of quality and design decay. This problem is often remedied by applying refactorings. Refactoring is one of the most important and commonly used techniques to improve the quality of the code by eliminating redundancy and reducing complexity; frequently refactored code is believed to be easier to understand, maintain and test. Object-oriented metrics provide an easy means to extract useful and measurable information about the structure of a software system. Metrics have been used to identify refactoring opportunities, detect refactorings that have previously been applied and gauge quality improvements after the application of refactorings. This thesis provides an in-depth analytical study of the relationship between metrics and refactorings. For this purpose we analyzed 136 versions of 4 different open source projects. We used RefactoringCrawler, an automatic refactoring detection tool to identify refactorings and then analyzed various metrics to study whether metrics can be used to (1) reliably identify refactoring opportunities, (2) detect refactorings that were previously applied, and (3) estimate the impact of refactoring on software quality. In conclusion, our study showed that metrics cannot be reliably used to either identify refactoring opportunities or detect refactorings. It is very difficult to use metrics to estimate the impact of refactoring, however studying the evolution of metrics at a system level indicates that refactoring does improve software quality and reduce complexity. / text

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The purpose of this study is to provide scholastic research on Robert Muczynski's Second Piano Trio (1975) by presenting his biographical background, discussing influences and his musical style, and analyzing the work. Robert Muczynski (b.1929), a composer-pianist of Polish descent, studied with Alexander Tcherepnin (1899-1977). From traditional forms and techniques, he fashioned his own unique and innovative compositional style. The second piano trio, in particular, was deeper and more complex in its conception and affect than previous compositions. The first movement Andante molto opening leads to an allegro section, and the somber second movement builds to a heavy climax. The third movement is highly rhythmic and dramatically driven. Chapter I outlines the purpose of the study and the composer's biography. Chapter II describes Muczynski's compositional influences and the evolution of his musical language. Emphasis in this respect will be placed on the pedagogical role of Alexander Therepnin, as well as the important connections between Prokofiev, Tcherepnin and Muczynski. An exploration of other elements that have informed Muczynski's style is offered. Chapter III details the circumstances, general characteristics, and compositional technique of the Second Piano Trio. Detailed analysis of all three movements will be provided, with particular attention paid to aspects of theme, form, harmony, rhythm, meter, tempo, articulation, texture, and dynamic. The theoretical analysis is the main portion of this document, and after a discussion of treatment of the piano, concluding reflections are offered in Chapter IV.

The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze Concerto No.3 "Ave Maria" by Alemdar Karamanov (1934-2007) and to elucidate the work through historical background and the composer's ideas. This concerto is presented as a significant gesture of dramatic emotion, religious belief, romantic spirit and universal feeling. The subtitle "Ave Maria" relates to a set up already present within the music program. An analysis of interval relationships will help performers better realize Karamanov's music language. In view of the complicated nature of this piece, an analytical study is considered necessary. The study centers principally on analysis, with an emphasis on the developments of form, tonality and motives to help performers better understand the work, and how to best approach this concerto.

James Wintle (b.1942) is one of America's most successful living composers. Wintle and his compositions have attracted the attention of many prominent performers and scholars over the last three decades. The Key for trumpet and piano was composed in 1988 for Chris Gekker, an outstanding trumpet player. The Key consists of four movements: a fast movement in free form, a slow lyrical movement in song form (ABA'), a dance-like movement influenced by ragtime, and a fourth movement with a slow introduction in rondo form (ABA'CA''). The purpose of the study is to introduce the composer, James Wintle, and to present an analysis of The Key for trumpet and piano, a work which receives frequent performance. Through research and analytical approaches, the study focuses on a theoretical analysis of The Key for trumpet and piano. In addition to using available materials and resources, the author was in direct contact with James Wintle for the study. Chapter 1 presents the purpose of the study, the state of research, and method. Chapter 2 is devoted to James Wintle's biography. Chapter 3 examines Wintle's compositional style, including influences and musical language. Chapter 4 offers a theoretical analysis of all four movements of The Key, as well as a discussion of extra-musical influences from the painting entitled The Key by Jackson Pollock. A summation and conclusion follow in chapter 5.

This thesis is an analytical study of the place of clairvoyance (avadhijñāna) in Jain epistemology and soteriology. It argues that avadhijñāna occupies an ambivalent position regarding both, since it is not solely attained by means of spiritual progression but may also spontaneously arise regardless of a being’s righteousness (samyaktva). Beginning with a survey of descriptions of avadhijñāna in the canons of each sect, including a translation of Nandisūtra 12-28, it examines how commentaries, philosophy and narrative literature developed and elaborated upon avadhijñāna as part of its epistemological system. Further, it examines the nexus of avadhijñāna and karma theory to understand the role of clairvoyance in the cultivation of the three jewels—correct perception, knowledge, and conduct—that lead to liberation (mokṣa). Finally, several examples of clairvoyants from Jain narratives show how clairvoyance reamined an ambivalent tool for virtuous transformation in popular literature.

<p>This master project is dedicated to the analysis of one of the nancialmarket models in an illiquid market. This is a nonlinear model. Using analytical methods we studied the symmetry properties of theequation which described the given model. We called this equation aSchonbucher-Wilmott equation or the main equation. We have foundinnitesimal generators of the Lie algebra, containing the informationabout the symmetry group admitted by the main equation. We foundthat there could be dierent types of the unknown function g, whichwas located in the main equation, in particular four types which admitsricher symmetry group. According to the type of the function gthe equation was split up into four PDEs with the dierent Lie algebrasin each case. Using the generators we studied the structure ofthe Lie algebras and found optimal systems of subalgebras. Then weused the optimal systems for dierent reductions of the PDE equationsto some ODEs. Obtained ODEs were easier to solve than the correspondingPDE. Thereafter we proceeded to the solution of the desiredSchonbucher-Wilmott equation. In the project we were guided by thepapers of Bank, Baum [1] and Schonbucher, Wilmott [2]. In these twopapers authors introduced distinct approaches of the analysis of thenonlinear model - stochastic and dierential ones. Both approaches leadunder some additional assumptions to the same nonlinear equation - the main equation.</p>

La découverte de planètes extrasolaires d'excentricités importantes ravive l'intérêt pour la dynamique des systèmes planétaires. Ce travail a pour objet l'étude analytique du problème séculaire des trois corps, grâce à une généralisation de la théorie de Laplace-Lagrange obtenue en poussant le développement de la perturbation à un ordre largement supérieur en excentricités et en inclinaisons. Nous montrons que cette approche est apte à décrire la dynamique séculaire d'un système planétaire formé de deux planètes hors résonance en moyen mouvement. Une vérification analytique de la proximité du système à une quelconque résonance en moyen mouvement est également entreprise. Tant dans le cas de systèmes coplanaires que de systèmes tridimensionnels, deux optiques sont poursuivies: d'une part, l'analyse des équilibres du problème séculaire et des implications de ces derniers sur la structure de l'espace de phase et d'autre part, le calcul des fréquences fondamentales de ce même problème permettant la reproduction de l'évolution temporelle du système planétaire, grâce à une méthode totalement analytique basée sur les transformées de Lie. Nous disposons ainsi d'un modèle analytique fiable et peu coûteux pouvant prendre en compte un large éventail de paramètres et qui peut être appliqué avec précision aux systèmes extrasolaires hors résonance en moyen mouvement. / The discovery of extrasolar planets with large eccentricities renews interest in the study of the dynamics of planetary systems. This work is concerned with the analytical study of the secular three-body problem by means of a generalization of the Laplace-Lagrange theory based on a high-order expansion of the disturbing potential in the eccentricities and the inclinations. We show that this approach is able to describe the secular dynamics of a two-planets system not close to a mean motion resonance. The proximity of a system to any mean motion resonance is also analytically investigated. For coplanar and tridimensional systems, we pursue a twofold objective: on the one hand, the study of the equilibria of the secular problem and their implications on the structure of the phase space and on the other hand, the computation of both the fundamental frequencies of the problem and the long-term time evolution of the planetary system with a totally analytical method based on Lie transforms. This reliable time-saving analytical model can take into account a large spectrum of parameters and can be applied successfully to non-resonant extrasolar systems.