Thesis. 1977. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Civil Engineering. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Vita. / Bibliography: leaves 222-226. / Ph.D.

<p>Robust process monitoring in real-time is a challenge for Continuous Pharmaceutical Manufacturing. Sensors and models have been developed to help to make process monitoring more robust, but they still need to be integrated in real-time to produce reliable estimates of the true state of the process. Dealing with random and gross errors in the process measurements in a systematic way is a potential solution. In this work, we present such a systematic framework, which for a given sensor network and measurement uncertainties will predict the most likely state of the process. As a result, real-time process decisions, whether for process control, exceptional events management or process optimization can be based on the most reliable estimate of the process state.</p><p><br></p><p></p><p>Data reconciliation (DR) and gross error detection (GED) have been developed to accomplish robust process monitoring. DR and GED mitigate the effects of random measurement errors and non-random sensor malfunctions. This methodology has been used for decades in other industries (i.e., Oil and Gas), but it has yet to be applied to the Pharmaceutical Industry. Steady-state data reconciliation (SSDR) is the simplest forms of DR but offers the benefits of short computational times. However, it requires the sensor network to be redundant (i.e., the number of measurements has to be greater than the degrees of freedom).</p><p><br></p><p>In this dissertation, the SSDR framework is defined and implemented it in two different continuous tableting lines: direct compression and dry granulation. The results for two pilot plant scales via continuous direct compression tableting line are reported in this work. The two pilot plants had different equipment and sensor configurations. The results for the dry granulation continuous tableting line studies were also reported on a pilot-plant scale in an end-to-end operation. New measurements for the dry granulation continuous tableting line are also proposed in this work.</p><p><br></p><p></p><p>A comparison is made for the model-based DR approach (SSDR-M) and the purely data-driven approach (SSDR-D) based on the use of principal component constructions. If the process is linear or mildly nonlinear, SSDR-M and SSDR-D give comparable results for the variables estimation and GED. The reconciled measurement values generate using SSDR-M satisfy the model equations and can be used together with the model to estimate unmeasured variables. However, in the presence of nonlinearities, the SSDR-M and SSDR-D will differ. SSDR successfully estimates the real state of the process in the presence of gross errors, as long as steady-state is maintained and the redundancy requirement is met. Gross errors are also detected whether using SSDR-M or SSDR-D. </p><p><br></p>

A dependência tecnológica das atividades e dos processos de negócios no mundo corporativo impulsionou o desenvolvimento de novas técnicas de auditoria para apurar possíveis falhas sistêmicas, que pudessem afetar os controles internos das companhias. Sendo assim, a necessidade de automação dos testes de auditoria motivou a elaboração do conceito e a implantação de projetos de auditoria contínua de dados no ambiente empresarial. Esta tese avalia os principais aspectos críticos para a construção da auditoria contínua de dados, considerando o uso da tecnologia da informação e das técnicas de auditoria com auxílio do computador. A partir da fundamentação teórica formularam-se quatro premissas básicas, as quais derivaram oito proposições e onze aspectos críticos, os quais foram colocados em prova de conceito, por meio de estudo de casos múltiplos no cenário empresarial brasileiro. A pesquisa afirma que os aspectos críticos para a construção da auditoria contínua de dados, originários da fundamentação teórica e corroborados pelo resultado do estudo de casos múltiplos, servirão como direcionadores para a inicialização de projetos de auditoria contínua, bem como para sua reestruturação. / The technology dependence of activities and business processes in corporate world driving the development of new audit techniques to investigate possible systemic failures, that could affect the internal controls of companies. Thus, the need for automation of auditing tests led to the development of the concept and implementation of projects for continuous auditing of data in the enterprise environment. This thesis evaluates the major critical issues for the construction of continuous auditing of data, considering the use of information technology and the computer assisted audit techniques. From the theoretical foundation formulated four basic premises, which were derived eight propositions and eleven critical aspects, which were placed in a proof of concept, through multiple case study in the Brazilian business scenario. The research argues that the critical aspects for the construction of continuous auditing of data, originated in theoretical foundation and corroborated by the results of multiple case study, will serve as drivers for the initialization of continuous auditing projects as well as for its restructuring.

This thesis presents measurements of the branching fractions of the charmless baryonic decays B(s) → p anti-p h+ h'-, where h(') denotes a kaon or a pion. Three new modes (B → p anti-p pi+ pi-, Bs → p anti-p K+ K- and Bs → p anti-p K+(-) pi-(+)) are observed for the first time and evidence is found for a fourth (B → p anti-p K+ K-). The inclusive branching fraction of B → p anti-p K+(-) pi-(+) is measured for the first time and the upper limit is set on the branching fraction of the Bs → p anti-p pi+ pi- decay. This represents the first observation of four-body charmless baryonic decays of a Bs meson and one of the first observations of baryonic Bs decays. The implementation of the real-time alignment of LHCb's vertex detector is also described. The novel real-time alignment and calibration strategy adopted by LHCb is essential to allow more stable data taking conditions and an optimal 'offline-quality' reconstruction to be performed at the trigger level, ensuring more efficient trigger selections and the possibility to perform physics analyses directly on the trigger output.

A psychological experiment based on a MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) sequence auditory interface was conducted initially to examine the rationale of using acoustic information in teleoperation. The experiment was designed to separately test subjects' perceptions of obstacle location and proximities of obstacles. The results revealed the potential use of audio stimuli in teleoperation tasks as well as several drawbacks about this interface. The interface translates information into a single audio stream, as a result, fails to exploit the spatial ability of the ear. Therefore, it was considered to represent the information acquired from the robotic communication sensors---microphones pair and one camera---by means of spatial audio in an ecological way. Firstly, a monitoring method based on the two microphones has been developed to supplement the narrow view of the camera, so that a better understanding of the environment can be formed. The developed bio-mimetic algorithm based on a new Aibo's head model is able to locate the sound event with 10&deg; resolution. Afterwards, a new strategy for vision to audio sensory substitution has been proposed in which the task is concentrated on the spatial motion perception for mobile robot operation. After tracking a moving target from monocular image sequence by an active contour model, the spatial positions of the moving were determined by a pinhole camera model and camera calibration. Accordingly, the corresponding relations of the two modalities, e.g., spatial direction and scaled depth, were built for translation. / A scientific way of using auditory feedback as the substitute for visual feedback is proposed in the thesis to guarantee that the E-healthcare robotic system still functions under the conditions of image losses, visual fails and low-bandwidth communication links. This study is an experimental exploration into a relatively new topic about real-time robotic control. / Conclusions and recommendations for further research about the successful and extended usage of auditory display in teleoperation are also included. / Finally, an experimental e-healthcare robotic system has been developed with which high-frequency interactive contacts between patients and physicians or/and family members can be realized. Specifically, a new network protocol, Trinomial Protocol, has been implemented to facilitate data communication between client and server. Using two protocols: TCP and Trinomial Protocol, we have conducted experiments over a local network and the trans-pacific Internet. The experimental results about roundtrip time (RTT) and sending rate showed that there were large spikes corresponding to severe delay jitters when TCP was used and much less variance in RTTs when Trinomial protocol was used. To sum up, the Trinomial Protocol achieves better performance than the TCP. With this system, we also carried out some psychological experiments to compare the teleoperation performance under different sensory feedback conditions. The time it took to finish the task and the distance away to the target when the robot was controlled to stop were recorded for all the experiments. In addition, subjective workload assessments based on a set of NASA Task Load Index were collected. For the completion time of the task, the difference between the different modalities was not large. Even for vision only feedback, the average completion time was slightly larger than the auditory feedback. After pair t-test analysis, it was found there was no significant difference. Results of distance perception showed that the target was perceived more correctly using bimodal audiovisual integration than vision only condition, but less precise when compared with auditory only condition. As to the workload assessments, the average workload was 9.5973 for the auditory condition and 8.6147 for the visual one. There was no significant difference between them. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed auditory display approaches in navigating a robot remotely. / Liu Rong. / "September 2006." / Adviser: Max O. H. Meng. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-03, Section: B, page: 1765. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 128-140). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

A digital twin facilitates the means to monitor, understand, and optimize the functions of the physical entity and provides continuous feedback to improve quality of life, and Medical Cyber-Physical Systems (MCPS) is an integral part of this vision. Many studies focus on human motion to digitize data for further analysis. The literature review presented here emphasizes on gait analysis and gait events detection using wearable devices, which compare results by testing on different groups of individuals. Amongst those, there is a focus on digitizing activities for athletes and sports activities. However, there is a lack of research that address configurability for this type of MCPS. Adding new physical devices to an established MCPS requires manual configuration. Recent studies either solve the issue of users’ mobility by providing a wireless solution with local storage, or sacrifice mobility in order to provide real-time information through wired communication. However, group physical activity applications, such as sports coaching and group physiotherapy, use customized devices that need to be automatically configured in the system. In addition, these systems need to support mobility and real-time data presentation. To solve this problem, a framework is proposed to design a wellbeing Cyber-Physical System (CPS) that focuses on system configurability, providing real-time data of body sensor networks while supporting wireless and mobile communication. A communication protocol is proposed to allow seamless integration and communication of system components, and to enable bandwidth-conscious data transmission. As a proof of concept, a configurable CPS for gait activities monitoring is designed to read, visualize, and backup spatiotemporal data from one or more multi-sensory physical devices over conventional Wi-Fi and in real-time. Two experiments were performed using the implemented CPS. The first experiment was performed outdoors and tested if the CPS components would recognize each other and work seamlessly over foreign networks while providing usable information. The second experiment was performed in collaboration with the Health Sciences Department using our system and the Tekscan Strideway gait mat simultaneously to compare results and to ensure accuracy. In addition, this experiment tested configurability of the system by using different measurement devices for different users.

Tang Wai-Kwan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-95). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgement --- p.iii / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Applications --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2 --- Motivation and Goal --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3 --- Thesis Outline --- p.7 / Chapter 2 --- Background and Related Work --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1 --- Panoramic Image Navigation --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2 --- Image Mosaicing --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Image Registration --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Image Composition --- p.12 / Chapter 2.3 --- Immersive Display --- p.13 / Chapter 2.4 --- Video Streaming --- p.14 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Video Coding --- p.15 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Transport Protocol --- p.18 / Chapter 3 --- System Design --- p.19 / Chapter 3.1 --- System Architecture --- p.19 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Video Capture Module --- p.19 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Video Streaming Module --- p.23 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Stitching and Rendering Module --- p.24 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Display Module --- p.24 / Chapter 3.2 --- Design Issues --- p.25 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Modular Design --- p.25 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Scalability --- p.26 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Workload distribution --- p.26 / Chapter 4 --- Panoramic Video Mosaic --- p.28 / Chapter 4.1 --- Video Mosaic to Image Mosaic --- p.28 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Assumptions --- p.29 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Processing Pipeline --- p.30 / Chapter 4.2 --- Camera Calibration --- p.33 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Perspective Projection --- p.33 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Distortion --- p.36 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Calibration Procedure --- p.37 / Chapter 4.3 --- Panorama Generation --- p.39 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Cylindrical and Spherical Panoramas --- p.39 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Homography --- p.41 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Homography Computation --- p.42 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Error Minimization --- p.44 / Chapter 4.3.5 --- Stitching Multiple Images --- p.46 / Chapter 4.3.6 --- Seamless Composition --- p.47 / Chapter 4.4 --- Image Mosaic to Video Mosaic --- p.49 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Varying Intensity --- p.49 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Video Frame Management --- p.50 / Chapter 5 --- Immersive Display --- p.52 / Chapter 5.1 --- Human Perception System --- p.52 / Chapter 5.2 --- Creating Virtual Scene --- p.53 / Chapter 5.3 --- VisionStation --- p.54 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- F-Theta Lens --- p.55 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- VisionStation Geometry --- p.56 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Sweet Spot Relocation and Projection --- p.57 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Sweet Spot Relocation in Vector Representation --- p.61 / Chapter 6 --- Video Streaming --- p.65 / Chapter 6.1 --- Video Compression --- p.66 / Chapter 6.2 --- Transport Protocol --- p.66 / Chapter 6.3 --- Latency and Jitter Control --- p.67 / Chapter 6.4 --- Synchronization --- p.70 / Chapter 7 --- Implementation and Results --- p.71 / Chapter 7.1 --- Video Capture --- p.71 / Chapter 7.2 --- Video Streaming --- p.73 / Chapter 7.2.1 --- Video Encoding --- p.73 / Chapter 7.2.2 --- Streaming Protocol --- p.75 / Chapter 7.3 --- Implementation Results --- p.76 / Chapter 7.3.1 --- Indoor Scene --- p.76 / Chapter 7.3.2 --- Outdoor Scene --- p.78 / Chapter 7.4 --- Evaluation --- p.78 / Chapter 8 --- Conclusion --- p.83 / Chapter 8.1 --- Summary --- p.83 / Chapter 8.2 --- Future Directions --- p.84 / Chapter A --- Parallax --- p.86

Lam Lui-fuk. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-76). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.I / 摘要 --- p.II / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.III / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.IV / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.VIII / LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS --- p.X / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2. --- Motivation and Research Objective --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3. --- Organization of the Dissertation --- p.3 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- BACKGROUND STUDIES --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1 --- The Contract Net Protocol --- p.5 / Chapter 2.2 --- Two-tier software architectures --- p.8 / Chapter 2.3 --- Three-tier software architecture --- p.9 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE --- p.12 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.12 / Chapter 3.2 --- System Architecture Overview --- p.12 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Client Layer --- p.13 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Middle Layer --- p.13 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Back-end Layer --- p.14 / Chapter 3.3 --- Advantages of the System Architecture --- p.14 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- "Separate the presentation components, business logic and data storage" --- p.14 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Provide a central-computing platform for user using different computing platforms --- p.15 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Improve system capacity --- p.15 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Enable distributed computing --- p.16 / Chapter CHAPTER 4. --- SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE --- p.17 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.17 / Chapter 4.2 --- Descriptions of Middle Layer Server Side Software Components --- p.17 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Data Cache --- p.18 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Functions Library --- p.18 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Communicator --- p.18 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Planner Module --- p.19 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Scheduler module --- p.19 / Chapter 4.2.6 --- Execution Module --- p.20 / Chapter 4.3 --- Overview the Execution of Service Request inside Server --- p.20 / Chapter 4.4 --- Descriptions of Client layer Software Components --- p.21 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Graphical User Interface --- p.22 / Chapter 4.5 --- Overview of Task Execution in Advanced Client ´ةs Application --- p.23 / Chapter 4.6 --- The possible usages of task allocation protocol --- p.24 / Chapter 4.6.1 --- Chart Drawing --- p.25 / Chapter 4.6.2 --- Compute user-defined technical analysis indicator --- p.25 / Chapter 4.6.3 --- Unbalance loading --- p.26 / Chapter 4.6.4 --- Large number of small data mining V.S. small number of large data mining --- p.26 / Chapter 4.7 --- Summary --- p.27 / Chapter CHAPTER 5. --- THE CONTRACT NET PROTOCOL FOR TASK ALLOCATION --- p.28 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.28 / Chapter 5.2 --- The FIPA Contract Net Interaction Protocol --- p.28 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Introduction to the FIPA Contract Net Interaction Protocol --- p.28 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Strengths of the FIPA Contract Net Interaction Protocol for our system --- p.30 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Weakness of the FIPA Contractor Net Interaction Protocol for our system --- p.32 / Chapter 5.3 --- The Modified Contract Net Protocol --- p.33 / Chapter 5.4 --- The Implementation of the Modified Contract Net Protocol --- p.39 / Chapter 5.5 --- Summary --- p.46 / Chapter CHAPTER 6. --- A CLIENT AS SERVER MODEL USING MCNP FOR TASK ALLOCATION --- p.48 / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.48 / Chapter 6.2 --- The CASS System Model --- p.48 / Chapter 6.3 --- The analytical model of the CASS system --- p.51 / Chapter 6.4 --- Performance Analysis of the CASS System --- p.55 / Chapter 6.5 --- Performance Simulation --- p.62 / Chapter 6.6 --- An Extension of the Load-Balancing Algorithm for Non-Uniform Client's Service Time Distribution --- p.68 / Chapter 6.7 --- Summary --- p.69 / Chapter CHAPTER 7. --- CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK --- p.71 / Chapter 7.1 --- Conclusion --- p.71 / Chapter 7.2 --- Future Work --- p.73 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.75

Thesis. 1978. M.S.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Bibliography: p. 110-111. / by Rowland Frank Archer, Jr. / M.S.

L'ordonnancement de tâches sur un système temps réel dur correspond à trouver une façon de choisir, à chaque instant, quelle tâche doit être exécutée sur le processeur pour que chacune ait le temps de terminer son travail avant son échéance. Ce problème, dans le contexte monoprocesseur, est déjà bien étudié et permet des applications sur des systèmes en production (aérospatiale, bourse etc.). Aujourd'hui, les plateformes multiprocesseur se sont généralisées et ont amené de nombreuses questions telles que l'utilisation efficace de tous les processeurs. Dans cette thèse, nous explorons les approches existantes pour résoudre ce problème. Nous étudions tout d'abord l'approche par partitionnement qui consiste à utiliser les recherches existantes en ramenant ce problème à plusieurs systèmes monoprocesseur. Ici, nous proposons un algorithme générique dont les paramètres sont adaptables en fonction de l'objectif à atteindre. Nous étudions ensuite l'approche par semi-partitionnement qui permet la migration d'un nombre restreint de tâches. Nous proposons une solution avec des migrations restreintes qui pourrait être assez simplement implémentée sur des systèmes concrets. Nous proposons ensuite une solution avec des migrations non restreintes qui offre de meilleurs résultats mais est plus difficile à implémenter. Enfin, les programmeurs utilisent de plus en plus le concept de tâches parallèles qui peuvent utiliser plusieurs processeurs en même temps. Ces tâches sont encore peu étudiées et nous proposons donc un nouveau modèle pour les représenter. Nous étudions les ordonnanceurs possibles et nous définissons une façon de garantir l'ordonnançabilité de ces tâches pour deux d'entre eux / The scheduling of tasks on a hard real-time system consists in finding a way to choose, at each time instant, which task should be executed on the processor so that each succeed to complete its work before its deadline. In the uniprocessor case, this problem is already well studied and enables us to do practical applications on real systems (aerospace, stock exchange etc.). Today, multiprocessor platforms are widespread and led to many issues such as the effective use of all processors. In this thesis, we explore the existing approaches to solve this problem. We first study the partitioning approach that reduces this problem to several uniprocessor systems and leverage existing research. For this one, we propose a generic partitioning algorithm whose parameters can be adapted according to different goals. We then study the semi-partitioning approach that allows migrations for a limited number of tasks. We propose a solution with restricted migration that could be implemented rather simply on real systems. We then propose a solution with unrestricted migration which provides better results but is more difficult to implement. Finally, programmers use more and more the concept of parallel tasks that can use multiple processors simultaneously. These tasks are still little studied and we propose a new model to represent them. We study the possible schedulers and define a way to ensure the schedulability of such tasks for two of them