S.J.P. Kruger, four times president of the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek (ZAR), played a central role in the Afrikaners' struggle for independence both in the 19th and 20th centuries. His significance as a leader also becomes apparent when considering the plethora of literature written on him both during his lifetime and after. Not only is his own life story intertwined with the history and development of the ZAR and rise of Afrikanerdom, but as a leading figure he was also subject to much criticism. This was particularly evident in the years leading up to and during the South African War (1899-1902) when the ZAR forces clashed with Britain. Against this dualistic background a stereotypical and binary portrayal of Kruger emerged. Some of these have been perpetuated into the literature of the 21st century. However, despite the array of works published on Kruger, it remains remarkable why his involvement in the South African War has not received extensive scrutiny, principally his "behind-the-scenes" contribution. It is to this prominent event in the life of Kruger that this study turns with particular reference to the year 1900 which has been identified as a so-called "crisis period". Using the War telegrams dispatched by Kruger during the said period, this study endeavours to not only investigate Kruger's War-time contribution and motives, but also to reassess his character in the context hereof. Although much of the evidence suggests that the Kruger persona is somewhat entrenched, the War telegrams however point to additional representations of Kruger and call thus for further reappraisal. / Dissertation (MHCS)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Historical and Heritage Studies / MHCS / Unrestricted

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Seminario para optar al título de Ingeniero Comercial, Mención Economía / Este estudio analiza sistemáticamente el proceso de compensaciones económicas realizado por la empresa minera Anglo American a los agricultores perjudicados en la comuna de Colina, Región Metropolitana de Santiago, Chile, por un derrame ocurrido el día 7 de febrero del año 2016. El incidente fue causado por un colapso local del mineroducto que conecta la mina Los Bronces con la planta procesadora las Tórtolas. En el informe se realiza una evaluación comparada de la gestión del plan de contingencia con los protocolos de trato con las comunidades y el agua de la empresa. Además, se analiza la metodología que se empleó para calcular las compensaciones económicas pagadas por daño patrimonial, haciendo énfasis en los conceptos económicos aplicados y los medios de recolección de datos empleados. Las conclusiones indican que el monto compensado fue el adecuado a pesar de las diferencias en ciertos criterios.

Ce travail examine les différents emplois de have to en anglais contemporain à partir d’un corpus d’énoncés authentiques. Il tente de dégager, en ayant recours aux outils de la théorie des opérations énonciatives d’Antoine Culioli, des invariances de fonctionnement, dans le but de fournir des emplois de la forme une représentation unifiée, à même de rendre compte de l’ensemble des variations sémantiques observables en contexte. L’approche est en partie compositionnelle : l’analyse révèle en effet que le fonctionnement de have to peut être appréhendé à partir des opérations dont le verbe have et la particule to sont respectivement les traces, la « localisation » et la « visée ». Les représentations proposées visent également à mettre en évidence la spécificité de have to par contraste avec l’auxiliaire modal must, dont il se voit traditionnellement rapproché sur le plan sémantique, tout en expliquant la possible parenté des valeurs qui leur sont associables au sein de certains contextes. / This study explores various uses of have to in contemporary English, relying on empirical data. The analysis is carried out within the framework of the theory of enunciative operations as set out by Antoine Culioli, and aims to identify a set of functional invariants holding across a wide range of contextual meanings. Our formal representations partially build on the operations marked by the verb have and the infinitive particle to, as our analysis suggests that the functioning of have to can be perceived as a product of their combination. These representations also attempt to pinpoint the difference between have to and must, while accounting for the cases in which their meanings seem to overlap.

Rolando Hinojosa's Klail Citv Death Trip Series purports to give a picture of life in the Texas Rio Grande Valley from roughly the 1930s to the present. Much of Hinojosa's attention is directed toward the tensions that characterize relations between the mexicano and Anglo cultures. Hinojosa's novel sequence in large part documents the ever-increasing acculturation and assimilation of the mexicano into Anglo society.

This thesis investigates how the different aspects and claims associated with moral relativism can be applied to the issue of corporate governance convergence. The question of how corporate governance models may be converging around the world is considered within the law, finance and management literature. To date, however, there has been no detailed consideration from a moral perspective of whether such convergence should occur. This study investigates this question, using South Africa as a case study, through an analysis of the claims of Descriptive, Metaethical and Normative moral relativism. South Africa is selected as a useful case study in the light of its colonial heritage, complex demographics and the ongoing project of post-apartheid ‘nation-building’. Different moral philosophies can be identified that underlie the predominant models of corporate governance around the world. The differences between these moralities can be expressed in terms of differences in the prescribed moral obligations and objectives of corporations. The claim of Descriptive moral relativism is that there are significant differences in moral judgement between groups or individuals. In the context of South African corporate governance, the principal area of interest concerns moral judgements that reflect corporate obligations and objectives that differ from those that underlie the shareholder model evident in Anglo-American jurisdictions. This was investigated in three ways: firstly, through a literature study that identified existing evidence of moral judgements relevant to corporate governance in South Africa; secondly, through a quantitative survey of a group of professional accounting students in South Africa; thirdly, through a series of semi-structured interviews with professional accounting students in South Africa. In all three cases there was some, albeit limited, evidence to support the claim of Descriptive moral relativism. The claim of Metaethical moral relativism is that there is no single ‘true’ or ‘correct’ morality, but that morality is relative to different groups or individuals. Applied to corporate governance, this claim was investigated firstly by examining the arguments that a particular corporate governance model is morally superior and thus universally applicable, as well as by considering the extent of moral agreement on the issue. Secondly, the positions of prominent supporters of moral relativism were considered in terms of how these could be applied to the issue of corporate governance convergence. It was concluded that universalist claims in support of particular models of corporate governance are largely insufficient, and that a limited relativist approach is more plausible. The claim of Normative moral relativism is that one should not interfere with the actions of another where these are based on different moral judgements. Although the claims of Descriptive and Metaethical moral relativism have implications for the normative claim, the normative claim does not necessarily follow. Adopting a value of tolerance or accommodation (from the work of David Wong) can, however, strengthen the normative argument. It was concluded then that based on the evidence of this study, and within its limitations, it is morally wrong to impose an Anglo-American model of corporate governance on South Africa. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Philosophy / unrestricted

The Trinitarian Perspectives of the Theology of Religions. The Outline of the Approache to the Non-christian Religions in Gavin D'Costa. This thesis presents an analysis of the theological work of British Catholic theologian Gavin D'Costa in the field of theology of religions. The goal of this study is the presentation of D'Costa's huge contribution to the theology of religions and critical examination of his constructive theological concept of Trinitarian Theology of Religions. In the first chapter we provide an introduction to the thought of Gavin D'Costa. We point out his philosophical and theological presuppositions, we go through his most important books and above all we introduce preliminary remarks about his theology of religions, i.e. conception of the relationship between systematic theology, theology of religions and religious studies and the notion of religion in D'Costa. The second chapter classifies D'Costa's approach within the context of contemporary theology of religions. We deal with D'Costa's critique of pluralism, inclusivism and exclusivism. Especially, the D'Costa's polemic with his former teacher John Hick is at the centre of our attention. In the third chapter we consider D'Costa's own paradigm of theology of religion which is based on the Trinitarian faith as well as respectful...

submitted in fulfilment or partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of History of the University of Zululand, South Africa, 1978. / In order to understand the Zulu participation in the AngloBoer War and the Holkrantz murder in May 1902, it is essential to trace in broad outline the attitude of the Zulus towards the white settlers in Natal. the Governmell~ of Natal, the British Government and the Government of the S.A. Republic or those subjects of the Transvaal and Natal who becarne involved in the internal faction struggles in Zululand. The matter will only become intelligible by explaining the complexity of those policies which evolved from such contacts from the time of the arrival of the first white settlers in 1824 to the outbreak of the War in 1899.

This study investigated the differences in self concept of Mexican-American and Anglo-American preschool children to determine if Mexican children have less favorable self concepts when compared with Anglo children of the same age and socioeconomic background. Differences between self concepts of Mexican boys and girls and between Anglo boys and girls were investigated. A third object was to determine the extent to which children's reports of self agree with their perceptions of significant others' perceptions of them. Twenty-two Mexican-American and 20 Anglo-American Head Start children were given the Brown-IDS Self Concept Referents Test. This test was specially designed for use with preschool children and consisted of taking a full length Polaroid photograph of each child which served as an object about which subjects were asked questions concerning their perception of self and their perceptions of significant others' (mother, teacher, and peers) perceptions of them. Results indicated that both Anglo- and Mexican-American children appear to have developed positive feelings about themselves. There were, however, significant differences in the responses of children in the two groups. Mexican-American children perceived their mothers and teachers as seeing them less favorably than Anglo children.

Afrikaans: In die tydperk 1822 tot 1875 het Groot-Brittanje verskeie aansprake rakende eienaarskap op die suidelike gedeelte van Delagoabaai gemaak wat tot ‘n aantal insidente met Portugal gelei het. Hierdie aansprake het nie ‘n spesifieke patroon gevolg nie. Kaptein William Fitzwilliam Owen kan as die grondlegger van Britse aansprake op die suidelike gedeelte van Delagoabaai beskou word. Sy ooreenkomste met die inheemse leiers van Tembe en Maputo in 1823 het die grondslag vir Britse aansprake op die suidelike gedeelte van Delagoabaai gelê. Portugese protes teen Owen se aggressiewe bevordering van Britse belange in Delagoabaai het reeds in 1826 tot die eerste korrespondensie op diplomatieke vlak gelei. Hierdie korrespondensie, en veral die verskil in interpretasie oor die Anglo- Portugese konvensie van 1817, sou in 1875 die grondslag van die Delagoabaaiarbitrasie vorm. Hernude Britse belangstelling in die handelsmoontlikhede van die suidelike gedeelte van Delagoabaai het in November 1861 tot die Britse besetting van Inyackeiland in die monding van die baai gelei. President M.W. Pretorius se poging in 1868 om die Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek se grondgebied tot Delagoabaai uit te brei en sy daaropvolgende erkenning van Portugal se aanspraak op die suidelike gedeelte van die baai, het protes van die Britse regering ontlok. Langdurige Anglo-Portugese onderhandelinge het uiteindelik tot ‘n gesamentlike besluit gelei om hul opponerende aansprake aan die arbitrasie van die Franse president, maarskalk Patrice MacMahon, voor te lê. Op 27 Julie 1875 het MacMahon uitspraak ten gunste van Portugal gelewer. / In the period of 1822 to 1875, Great Britain made various claims regarding ownership of the southern part of Delagoa Bay which led to a number of incidents with Portugal. These claims did not follow any specific pattern. Captain William Fitzwilliam Owen can be regarded as the champion of the British claim to the southern part of Delagoa Bay. His agreements with tribal leaders of Tembe and Maputo in 1823 lay the foundation for the British claim to the southern part of Delagoa Bay. Portuguese protests against Owen’s aggressive advancement of British interests in Delagoa Bay led to the first correspondence on diplomatic level in 1826. This correspondence and especially the difference of interpretation of the Anglo- Portuguese convention of 1817, would form the foundation of the Delagoa Bay arbitration in 1875. Renewed British interest in the possibility of trade relations with the southern part of Delagoa Bay led to the British occupation of Inyack Island in the mouth of the Bay in November 1861. The attempts of President M.W. Pretorius in 1868 to expand the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek’sZ.A.R.’s territory to Delagoa Bay and his recognition of Portugal’s claim to the southern part of the bay, led to protestation from the British government. Lengthy Anglo-Portuguese negotiations would eventually lead to a combined decision to have the issue of their opposing claims arbitrated by the French president, Marshal Patrice MacMahon. On 27 July 1875 MacMahon decided in favour of the Portuguese. / Thesis (PhD (Geskiedenis))--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Historical and Heritage Studies / PhD (Geskiedenis) / Unrestricted