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Adolescentes com síndrome de Down e cães: compreensão e possibilidades de intervenção / Adolescents with Down syndrome and dogs: understanding and possibilities of interventionAlthausen, Sabine 18 August 2006 (has links)
Estudos publicados a partir da década de 60 evidenciam o potencial terapêutico da participação de animais de estimação em situações clínicas. Desde então, as pesquisas e as práticas das denominadas Terapia Assistida por Animais (TAA) e Atividade Assistida por Animais (AAA) estão em amplo crescimento. A presente pesquisa analisa 12 registros filmados dos encontros realizados a partir da parceria entre uma escola de educação especial e um canil. Os encontros aconteciam num sítio, a freqüência era semanal e os horários eram fixos. Participaram quatro adolescentes com síndrome de Down. A narrativa dos encontros entre esses adolescentes e cães numa situação estabelecida tem por objetivo a elaboração de uma reflexão teórica cujo propósito é considerar o uso de um enquadre diferenciado que inclui a presença do cão como recurso. A lente sob a qual tais fenômenos são analisados e compreendidos é a psicanálise de D. W. Winnicott. A investigação psicológica dos encontros evidencia a necessidade de levar em consideração o contexto humano oferecido pelos profissionais e as relações interpessoais estabelecidas. Pode-se observar que a maneira de se relacionar com o animal apresenta-se qualitativamente diferente das relações essencialmente humanas e das com objetos inanimados. Destacando a complexidade dos fenômenos observados entre as pessoas e os animais, percebeu-se que os cachorros interagiam com as pessoas não a partir das intenções ou sentimentos destas, ou ainda por meio de um discurso representativo: o cão reagia ao fato, ao comportamento humano, a comunicação ocorria de forma não-verbal. Outra possível função dos cachorros foi a de despertar diferentes aspectos do self, manifestados pelos adolescentes em suas atitudes, ações e verbalizações, facilitando a expressão de sentimentos. A análise também revela que a maneira de ser do cachorro através de suas ações de atender ou não aos comandos, de se deixar manipular ou não, de ser uma presença constante e segura, de ter uma inteireza e continuidade de ser sugere a emergência de maior espontaneidade por parte dos adolescentes. Por fim, são tecidas reflexões teóricas que sustentam a possibilidade de uma clínica winnicottiana com enquadre diferenciado que inclui o cachorro como recurso. / Studies that have been published since the 1960s suggest the therapeutical potential of the use of pets in clinical situations. The research on and the practice of the called Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT) and Animal Assisted Activity (AAA) have become more and more popular ever since. The present research analyses 12 filmed meetings that aim at promoting such interaction between dogs and four adolescents with Down Syndrome, carried out by a special education school and a kennel. These weekly meetings took place in a small farm and had been previously scheduled, always at the same time. The description of these meetings between the adolescents and the dogs in an arranged situation aims at elaborating a theoretical reflection which has the objective of taking into account the use of a differentiated setting that involves the presence of the dog as a resource. The lens under which such phenomena are analysed and understood is the W.D.Winnicott psychoanalysis. The psychological investigation of the meetings explicits the need to take the human context offered by the professionals and the interpersonal relationships that take place into account. It is clear to notice that the way the adolescents relate to the animals is qualitatively different from the way they do in exclusively human relationships or even in their relationships with inanimate objects. Its important to highlight that, among other complex phenomena that we observe in the relationship between people and animals, the communication between them is non-verbal: the dogs react to the human behaviour and not to their intentions, feelings or discourse. Also, the dogs have an important role in awakening different aspects of the self, acted out by the adolescents in their attitudes and speech, which makes the expression of their feelings easier. The analysis also shows that the dogs behaviour whether or not responding to the commands of the adolescents, permitting or not being handled by them, of being a constant and safe presence, as well as its wholeness and continuity of being - suggests the emergence of more room for the adolescents spontaneity. Finally, some reflections that support the possibility of a winnicottian clinic with a differentiated setting that have the dog as a resource are presented.
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A influência do cão na expressividade emocional de crianças com transtorno do espectro do autismo / The influence of the dog in emotional expression of children with Autism Spectrum DisorderRoma, Renata Paula da Silva 08 April 2016 (has links)
O Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) inclui um conjunto de sintomas, tais como dificuldade para sustentar contato visual direto e comprometimento da linguagem. Apesar da Terapia Assistida Por Animais (TAA) com cães ser considerada uma modalidade terapêutica eficaz para promover o desenvolvimento de pessoas com TEA, ainda não são se sabe quais características dos cães possibilitam alcançar sucesso na terapia. Esta análise quantitativa tem como objetivo verificar o impacto de abordagens laterais e frontais de cães e humanos nas expressões emocionais de alegria e rejeição de crianças com TEA. Através da análise de vídeos de TAA, foram mensuradas duração e frequência das abordagens laterais e frontais de cães e humanos dirigidas às crianças para comparar possíveis diferenças entre ambos e também para verificar se a abordagem escolhida afetava o tipo de expressão emocional exibida pela criança. Os participantes deste projeto foram 11 crianças, 8 do sexo masculino e 3 do sexo feminino, entre 5 e 11 anos. Seis crianças foram atendidas por uma psicóloga, uma condutora e um Border Collie. O segundo grupo era composto pela mesma psicóloga, uma condutora e uma Golden Retriever. Escalas de avaliação foram aplicadas para confirmar o diagnóstico de TEA. Os cães foram previamente avaliados e treinados por uma instituição que atua na área de TAA. Cinco minutos de 8 sessões foram analisadas: um bloco de seis sessões com o cão, uma sessão anterior e uma sessão posterior a este bloco. Para verificar possíveis diferenças temperamentais entre cães, o C-barq (Canine Behavioral Assesment & Research Questionnaire) foi aplicado para analisar o temperamento de ambos. Embora esta análise tenha demonstrado diferenças em relação às categorias busca de atenção e nível de energia dos cães, não foram verificadas diferenças estatísticas entre os cães, em relação às variáveis analisadas neste estudo. Na comparação entre cães e humanos, os cães foram mais efetivos para conseguir expressões de alegria independentemente do tipo de abordagem escolhida. Comparando-se o tempo de abordagem de cães e humanos até obterem expressão emocional das crianças, observou-se uma importante diferença estatística. Os resultados sugerem que os cães exibiram menor latência que humanos para todas expressões emocionais analisadas: alegria (2= 7,312, p=0,007), de rejeição (2= 11,277, p-0,001) e neutras (2=9,097, p=0,043). Além disso, os resultados sugerem que, no contexto da TAA, não há relação entre abordagem lateral ou frontal e expressões de alegria, rejeição ou neutras de crianças com TEA. As expressões de alegria foram mais frequentes diante das abordagens laterais dos cães do que das abordagens frontais, no entanto não foi verificada significância estatística. Em relação aos humanos também não foi verificada preferência por uma abordagem especifica. Assim, os resultados sugerem que a latência para a exibição de uma expressão emocional das crianças depende mais de quem aborda do que do posicionamento lateral ou frontal quando a abordagem é realizada / Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) includes a range of symptoms such as failure to maintain direct eye contact and impaired language. Although the Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT) is considered a potential therapy to promote development in people with ASD, it´s still unknown which specific characteristics of dogs lead to a successful therapy. This quantitative analysis aims to measure the impact of lateral and frontal approaches from dogs and humans into joy and rejection emotional expressions displayed by children with ASD. Through video´s analysis, frequencies and durations of lateral and frontal approaches from humans and dogs to children were quantified in order to compare potential differences between both and analyze the effect of the chosen approach in emotional expression display. Participated in this project 11 children, 8 males and 3 females, from 5 to 11 years old. They were divided in two groups. A psychologist, a conductor and a border collie attended six of them. The second group was composed by 5 children attended by the same psychologist, a conductor and a golden retriever. Specifics evaluation scales were applied to confirm children´s diagnosis. An institution that works in the AAT area had previously evaluated and trained both dogs. Parents signed a free-consent term before the beginning of the study. Five minutes within 8 sessions were analyzed: 6 sessions with dog´s presence, the session before and the one subsequent this block of sessions. In order to analyze potential temperamental differences between dogs, C-barq (Canine Behavioral Assessment & Research Questionnaire) was applied to check the dogs temperament. The C-barq results showed differences related to the categories search of attention and energy level of the dogs. However, the test did not indicate statistical differences on the measurement of variables linked to this study. Dogs were better than humans to get joy expressions independently on the chosen approach. A significant statistical difference was observed in the comparison of how long dogs and humans spent in approaches until they got an emotional expression from children. The results suggest that dogs showed shorter latency than humans on all analyzed emotional expressions: joy (2= 7.312, p=0.007), rejection (2= 11.277, p-0.001) and neutral (2=9.097, p=0.043) expressions. Moreover, the results suggest no link between lateral or frontal approach and specific expression of emotions in children with ASD in the context of AAT. Expressions of joy were more frequent after lateral than frontal dog´s approach, however no statistically significant difference was found. No approach preference was found in humans. Thus, results suggest that latency to emotional behavior from children depends more on who approaches than on position lateral or frontal when the approach happens
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Etat des lieux de la Médiation animale dans les Etablissements d'hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes en France : De la théorie vers la conception d’un cahier des charges / Report on animal assisted therapy in nursing homes for dependent elderly people in France : Development of the project specificationsKohler, Robert 12 July 2011 (has links)
Nous nous interrogeons sur les enjeux de la présence animale au sein d’une institution médico-sociale pour tenter de répondre aux controverses juridiques, mais également managériales, que soulève cette question. Notre questionnement s’inscrit dans une évolution sociétale favorable à la reconnaissance citoyenne de la personne âgée dépendante, et plus particulièrement dans ses droits sociaux et culturels. Notre problématique renvoie aux questions essentielles sur le pouvoir d’une personne vieillissante de décider elle-même de la conduite de sa vie. C’est ce que nous étudions au travers de cet outil particulier, mais symptomatique en milieu institutionnel, qu’est l’animal d’accompagnement social.Nous débutons notre travail autour d’une réflexion pratique et théorique d’un projet d’introduction d’un chien éduqué dans un établissement d’hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes. Nous y abordons tout d’abord les questions liées à la connaissance et à la compréhension des usagers que les activités de médiation animale mettent en exergue (1ère partie), puis à partir de ce constat, de développer les aspects managériaux qui s’y trouvent liés en leurs propensions à insérer un projet dans un cadre institutionnel et en leurs facultés d’introduire un nouvel espace de réflexion et de construction du sens (2ème partie) - le résumé de l’ensemble de ces éléments constituant le cahier des charges de la médiation animale. / We are researching the implications of animal assisted therapy within a social care facility in an attempt to respond to the legal and managerial controversies surrounding the scheme. Our research is part of a societal trend towards recognizing the citizen rights of dependent elderly people, and in particular their social and cultural rights. We are studying important questions relating to the power of ageing people to make their own decisions about their lives. That is our main aim in researching the use of companion animals, which may be a revealing tool when used in an institutional setting.We will begin our work by discussing the practical and theoretical implications of the plan to introduce a trained dog into a nursing home for dependent elderly people. We will first discuss the issues related to the knowledge and understanding of the users which will be highlighted through animal assisted therapy (1st part). Secondly, we will develop the managerial implications related to the implementation of this idea in an institutional framework and the possibility of introducing a new space for reflection and the construction of meaning (2rd part). These elements will be used to develop specifications for the animal assisted therapy project.
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A interação fonoaudiólogo-paciente-cão: efeitos na comunicação de pacientes idosos / The speech therapist-pacient-dog interaction: effects on communication of elderly pacientsOliveira, Glícia Ribeiro de 15 February 2011 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2011-02-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / INTRODUCTION: A growing scientific interest by the study of human-animal relationship it's noticeable in view of its therapeutic potential. Among the surveys (nationally and internationally) is highlighted the effectiveness of the presence of dogs in the treatment of depressive patients, Alzheimer's, autism, etc. The organization Delta Society - The Humam-Animal Health Connection- defines the Animal Assisted Activity (AAA) "involves visitation, recreation through direct contact of animals with people, proposing opportunities of motivation, with the aim of improve the quality of life" and Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT) "involves professional medical services and others that use the animal as part of work and treatment." However, for the specifics of AAA / AAT in the field of speech therapy, studies are still scarce. OBJECTIVE: Investigate the effects of the presence of a dog in the interaction speech therapist-elderly patient. METHOD: Survey of clinical and qualitative nature, developed in the form of case study (AAA) and clinical case study (AAT). Subjects:Subjects elderly residents in a Geriatric Clinic in São Paulo, divided into two groups: (G1): 09 participants in the AAA mode (G2): 01 patients in the AAT mode. Selection of subjects: elderly people who showed willingness / motivation through the presence and contact with the dog study participant. The choice of the dog Nara, from the breed poodle, white, with 3.0 years old followed the criteria proposed by DOTTI (rated health, temperament and socialization).PROCEDURE: 1) Research Introduction of the Research to the Clinic and the relatives of elderly. 2) Attendance in group / monthly (AAA), lasting 45 minutes. 3) Speech-language evaluation of the patient through the Protocol Assessment Language (Hage, 2004) .4) Questionnaire (based on the Demographic and Pet History Questionnaire - DHPQ) to collect data about the patient's relationship history with animals. 5) Individual speech therapy / weekly, lasting 45 minutes. Activities and sessions were recorded on digital camera and / or audio. 6) Application of the Language Assessment Protocol (Hage, 2004) at baseline and after 06 months (AAT patient). The material was transcribed according to the verbal and nonverbal elements most significant present in the speech therapist-patient-dog interaction. Simultaneously, some visits were conducted without the presence of dog (AAA and AAT). The study looked at the ethical standards established for conducting research with human beings. RESULTS: AAA: In the elderly group studied, it is clear that the presence of the dog was a facilitator / catalyst of the interactions and promoted the establishment / strengthening of interpersonal bonds, permeated through dialogism. AAT: In the Language Assessment Protocol, the patient presented evolution: an improvement in the expansion of conversation shifts though needed help from therapist to narrate and on the cohesion and coherence of his utterances, appointed mainly objects that established meanings related to Nara (guides, clothing, toys). The results regarding the patient's communicative behaviors showed the efficacy of the dog's presence, enhancing the speech therapeutic process and offering an amount of contributions to the context frame. CONCLUSION: The presence of the dog was configured as a powerful resource for creating an innovative speech frame, whose effectiveness was revealed by greater adherence to the interventions and the significant evolution of communicative performance of the subjects studied / INTRODUÇÃO: Percebe-se um crescente interesse científico pelo estudo da relação homem-animal tendo em vista o seu potencial terapêutico. Entre as pesquisas realizadas (nacional e internacionalmente) é destacada a efetividade da presença dos cães no tratamento de pacientes depressivos, Alzheimer, autismo, etc. A organização Delta Society The Humam-Animal Health Connection define a Atividade Assistida por Animais (AAA) envolve visitação, recreação por meio do contato direto dos animais com as pessoas, propõem oportunidade de motivação a fim de melhorar a qualidade de vida e Terapia Assistida por Animais (TAA) envolve serviços profissionais da área médica e outras que utilizam o animal como parte do trabalho e do tratamento . Contudo, quanto às especificidades da AAA/TAA no campo fonoaudiológico, os estudos ainda são escassos. OBJETIVO: Investigar os efeitos da presença de um cão na interação fonoaudiólogo-paciente idoso. MÉTODO: Pesquisa de natureza clínico-qualitativa, desenvolvida na modalidade de estudo de caso (AAA) e estudo de caso clínico (TAA). Casuística: Sujeitos idosos residentes em uma Clínica Geriátrica da cidade de São Paulo, divididos em dois grupos: (G1): 09 participantes na modalidade AAA; (G2): 01 paciente na modalidade TAA. Seleção dos sujeitos: idosos que demonstraram disposição/motivação mediante presença e contato com o cão participante do estudo. A escolha da cadela Nara, da raça poodle, cor branca, com 3,0 anos de idade seguiu os critérios propostos por DOTTI (avaliação da saúde, temperamento e socialização). PROCEDIMENTO: 1)Apresentação da pesquisa à Clínica e familiares dos idosos. 2)Atendimento em grupo/mensal (AAA), com duração de 45 minutos. 3)Avaliação fonoaudiológica da paciente TAA por meio do Protocolo de Avaliação de Linguagem (Hage, 2004).4) Questionário (baseado no Demographic and Pet History Questionnaire DHPQ) para coleta de dados sobre histórico da relação da paciente com animais. 5)Atendimento fonoaudiológico individual/semanal, com duração de 45 minutos. As atividades e as sessões foram gravadas em câmera digital e/ou em áudio. 6) Aplicação do Protocolo de Avaliação de Linguagem (Hage, 2004) no início e após 06 meses (paciente da TAA). O material foi transcrito quanto aos elementos verbais e não-verbais mais significativos presentes na interação fonoaudiólogo-paciente-cão. Simultaneamente, foram realizados alguns atendimentos sem a presença do cão (AAA e TAA). O estudo observou as normas éticas estabelecidas para a realização de pesquisas com seres humanos. RESULTADOS: AAA: No grupo de idosos estudados, é possível afirmar que a presença do cão foi um facilitador/catalisador das interações e promoveu o estabelecimento/fortalecimento dos vínculos interpessoais, permeados pela dialogia. TAA: No Protocolo de Avaliação de Linguagem, a paciente apresentou evolução: melhora na expansão de turnos de conversação, embora precisasse de ajuda da terapeuta para narrar e na coesão e coerência de seus enunciados, passou a nomear, principalmente, objetos que estabeleciam significados relacionados à Nara (guia, roupas, brinquedos). Os resultados quanto às condutas comunicativas da paciente apontam para a efetividade da presença do cão, potencializando o processo terapêutico fonoaudiológico e oferecendo contribuições transformadoras ao enquadre. CONCLUSÂO: A presença do cão configurou-se como recurso potente para a criação de um enquadre fonoaudiológico inovador, cuja efetividade foi revelada pela maior adesão às intervenções e pela evolução significativa do desempenho comunicativo dos sujeitos estudados
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Ett kravlöst umgänge : En kvalitativ studie om vårdhundens betydelse för äldres välbefinnande på äldreboendeBitschnau, Madeleine, Jönsson, Mikaela January 2019 (has links)
Denna kvalitativa studie med etnografisk metodansats syftar till att beskriva samt förstå vad vårdhundsinsatsen betyder för äldres välbefinnande ur ett interaktionistiskt perspektiv och vilka övriga effekter som insatsen bidrar till. Studiens resultat bygger på fyra observationer som utförts under pågående vårdhundsinsatser på ett äldreboende i en mellanstor svensk kommun, samt fem kompletterande intervjuer med relevant yrkespersonal. Resultatet visar att vårdhundar bidrar till äldre personers välbefinnande genom att skapa en meningsfullhet i vardagen. Hunden möjliggör för brukare att släppa sin oro om så bara för en liten stund samt ger hälsofrämjande effekter i form av bland annat en ökad fysisk aktivitet. Förutsatt att brukaren inte besitter en rädsla eller allergi kopplad till hundar. Utifrån resultatet har slutsatsen om att äldres psykiska hälsa behöver bejakas samt prioriteras lika högt som deras fysiska hälsa framkommit, genom att implementera vårdhundsinsatsen i större omfattning inom äldreomsorgen. / This qualitative study based on ethnographic methodology aims to describe and understand the meaning of the animal-assisted therapy for older persons´well-being from an interactionist perspective and what other effects this can contribute to. The result of the study is based on four observations that were conducted at a care home in a medium-sized municipality in Sweden, as well as five complementary interviews with some of the professional staff. The result shows that therapy dogs contribute to the well-being of the older adults by creating a meaningfulness in their everyday life. To make it possible for older persons to let go of their concerns if only for a little while as well as to give health-promoting effects in the form of, among other things, increased physical activity. Assuming that the older person do not have a fear or allergy associated with dogs. From the result, the conclusion is that the mental health of older persons needs to be treated as well as their physical health, by implementing therapy dogs to a greater extent within eldercare.
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Ett kravlöst umgänge : En kvalitativ studie om vårdhundens betydelse för äldres välbefinnande på äldreboendeBitschnau, Madeleine, Jönsson, Mikaela January 2019 (has links)
Denna kvalitativa studie med etnografisk metodansats syftar till att beskriva samt förstå vad vårdhundsinsatsen betyder för äldres välbefinnande ur ett interaktionistiskt perspektiv och vilka övriga effekter som insatsen bidrar till. Studiens resultat bygger på fyra observationer som utförts under pågående vårdhundsinsatser på ett äldreboende i en mellanstor svensk kommun, samt fem kompletterande intervjuer med relevant yrkespersonal. Resultatet visar att vårdhundar bidrar till äldre personers välbefinnande genom att skapa en meningsfullhet i vardagen. Hunden möjliggör för brukare att släppa sin oro om så bara för en liten stund samt ger hälsofrämjande effekter i form av bland annat en ökad fysisk aktivitet. Förutsatt att brukaren inte besitter en rädsla eller allergi kopplad till hundar. Utifrån resultatet har slutsatsen om att äldres psykiska hälsa behöver bejakas samt prioriteras lika högt som deras fysiska hälsa framkommit, genom att implementera vårdhundsinsatsen i större omfattning inom äldreomsorgen / This qualitative study based on ethnographic methodology aims to describe and understand the meaning of the animal-assisted therapy for older persons´well-being from an interactionist perspective and what other effects this can contribute to. The result of the study is based on four observations that were conducted at a care home in a medium-sized municipality in Sweden, as well as five complementary interviews with some of the professional staff. The result shows that therapy dogs contribute to the well-being of the older adults by creating a meaningfulness in their everyday life. To make it possible for older persons to let go of their concerns if only for a little while as well as to give health-promoting effects in the form of, among other things, increased physical activity. Assuming that the older person do not have a fear or allergy associated with dogs. From the result, the conclusion is that the mental health of older persons needs to be treated as well as their physical health, by implementing therapy dogs to a greater extent within eldercare
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A influência do cão na expressividade emocional de crianças com transtorno do espectro do autismo / The influence of the dog in emotional expression of children with Autism Spectrum DisorderRenata Paula da Silva Roma 08 April 2016 (has links)
O Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) inclui um conjunto de sintomas, tais como dificuldade para sustentar contato visual direto e comprometimento da linguagem. Apesar da Terapia Assistida Por Animais (TAA) com cães ser considerada uma modalidade terapêutica eficaz para promover o desenvolvimento de pessoas com TEA, ainda não são se sabe quais características dos cães possibilitam alcançar sucesso na terapia. Esta análise quantitativa tem como objetivo verificar o impacto de abordagens laterais e frontais de cães e humanos nas expressões emocionais de alegria e rejeição de crianças com TEA. Através da análise de vídeos de TAA, foram mensuradas duração e frequência das abordagens laterais e frontais de cães e humanos dirigidas às crianças para comparar possíveis diferenças entre ambos e também para verificar se a abordagem escolhida afetava o tipo de expressão emocional exibida pela criança. Os participantes deste projeto foram 11 crianças, 8 do sexo masculino e 3 do sexo feminino, entre 5 e 11 anos. Seis crianças foram atendidas por uma psicóloga, uma condutora e um Border Collie. O segundo grupo era composto pela mesma psicóloga, uma condutora e uma Golden Retriever. Escalas de avaliação foram aplicadas para confirmar o diagnóstico de TEA. Os cães foram previamente avaliados e treinados por uma instituição que atua na área de TAA. Cinco minutos de 8 sessões foram analisadas: um bloco de seis sessões com o cão, uma sessão anterior e uma sessão posterior a este bloco. Para verificar possíveis diferenças temperamentais entre cães, o C-barq (Canine Behavioral Assesment & Research Questionnaire) foi aplicado para analisar o temperamento de ambos. Embora esta análise tenha demonstrado diferenças em relação às categorias busca de atenção e nível de energia dos cães, não foram verificadas diferenças estatísticas entre os cães, em relação às variáveis analisadas neste estudo. Na comparação entre cães e humanos, os cães foram mais efetivos para conseguir expressões de alegria independentemente do tipo de abordagem escolhida. Comparando-se o tempo de abordagem de cães e humanos até obterem expressão emocional das crianças, observou-se uma importante diferença estatística. Os resultados sugerem que os cães exibiram menor latência que humanos para todas expressões emocionais analisadas: alegria (2= 7,312, p=0,007), de rejeição (2= 11,277, p-0,001) e neutras (2=9,097, p=0,043). Além disso, os resultados sugerem que, no contexto da TAA, não há relação entre abordagem lateral ou frontal e expressões de alegria, rejeição ou neutras de crianças com TEA. As expressões de alegria foram mais frequentes diante das abordagens laterais dos cães do que das abordagens frontais, no entanto não foi verificada significância estatística. Em relação aos humanos também não foi verificada preferência por uma abordagem especifica. Assim, os resultados sugerem que a latência para a exibição de uma expressão emocional das crianças depende mais de quem aborda do que do posicionamento lateral ou frontal quando a abordagem é realizada / Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) includes a range of symptoms such as failure to maintain direct eye contact and impaired language. Although the Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT) is considered a potential therapy to promote development in people with ASD, it´s still unknown which specific characteristics of dogs lead to a successful therapy. This quantitative analysis aims to measure the impact of lateral and frontal approaches from dogs and humans into joy and rejection emotional expressions displayed by children with ASD. Through video´s analysis, frequencies and durations of lateral and frontal approaches from humans and dogs to children were quantified in order to compare potential differences between both and analyze the effect of the chosen approach in emotional expression display. Participated in this project 11 children, 8 males and 3 females, from 5 to 11 years old. They were divided in two groups. A psychologist, a conductor and a border collie attended six of them. The second group was composed by 5 children attended by the same psychologist, a conductor and a golden retriever. Specifics evaluation scales were applied to confirm children´s diagnosis. An institution that works in the AAT area had previously evaluated and trained both dogs. Parents signed a free-consent term before the beginning of the study. Five minutes within 8 sessions were analyzed: 6 sessions with dog´s presence, the session before and the one subsequent this block of sessions. In order to analyze potential temperamental differences between dogs, C-barq (Canine Behavioral Assessment & Research Questionnaire) was applied to check the dogs temperament. The C-barq results showed differences related to the categories search of attention and energy level of the dogs. However, the test did not indicate statistical differences on the measurement of variables linked to this study. Dogs were better than humans to get joy expressions independently on the chosen approach. A significant statistical difference was observed in the comparison of how long dogs and humans spent in approaches until they got an emotional expression from children. The results suggest that dogs showed shorter latency than humans on all analyzed emotional expressions: joy (2= 7.312, p=0.007), rejection (2= 11.277, p-0.001) and neutral (2=9.097, p=0.043) expressions. Moreover, the results suggest no link between lateral or frontal approach and specific expression of emotions in children with ASD in the context of AAT. Expressions of joy were more frequent after lateral than frontal dog´s approach, however no statistically significant difference was found. No approach preference was found in humans. Thus, results suggest that latency to emotional behavior from children depends more on who approaches than on position lateral or frontal when the approach happens
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Using therapy dogs with troubled middle school children to improve social skills and teach environmental sensitivityFlanagan, Linda Sue 01 January 2007 (has links)
The objective of this project is to impove the social skills of troubled middle school children by teaching them humane dog care as well as the handling and training skills of dogs. The hope is to use therapy dogs as a link to the local environment and the development of environmental sensitivity; and to improve the academic status and decrease any negative behaviors displayed by these children. Includes lesson plans.
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The Role of Animal-Assisted Interventions in Communication Skills of Children With AutismFriedrich, Jennifer Ann 01 January 2019 (has links)
Many children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulties with social communication and prosocial behaviors. Due to a lack of social communication and social interaction skills among children with ASD, special education teachers are tasked with providing meaningful social opportunities to them to facilitate their learning of these skills. Special education literature lacks research studies about how dog-based animal-assisted interventions (AAI) can improve social communication outcomes for children in a school setting. The purpose of this qualitative exploratory case study, guided by Bowlby's theory of attachment and the human-animal bond concept, was to explore, describe, and improve the understanding of how elementary teachers use dog-based AAI programs in their classrooms to facilitate social communication skill development for students with ASD. Data were collected through individual interviews of 10 elementary teachers and child-study team members who used AAI programs within their buildings. Data were openly coded using thematic analysis. Key findings of the study revealed that a therapy dog could act as a stimulus for social interactions as well as facilitate students' social interaction participation. The results also indicated the importance of the teacher's role in implementing AAI programs that target social communication skills. This study may contribute to the field of special education practice by promoting the implementation of more AAI programs in educational settings, not just for students with ASD, but also potentially for the whole school community.
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Berättelser om hästar på behandlingshemVilemsons, Anne January 2008 (has links)
<p>This study examined constructions of horses and means staff working with horses parallel to therapy in institutional care ascribes to horses. A narrative method was used and the theoretical framework was social constructionism. A question was asked to the narratives: How can practice in institutional care be understood through these stories? The result showed different pictures of institutional care. Horses seem to provide a multi-faceted therapeutic tool. Through the horses staff could establish relations built on trust with their clients. The stable-environment and the horses provided healthy recreation and a social competence usable for clients in life. The constructions of horses also seemed related to the means ascribed to them in the daily life of the institution. So far there has been little research about animals in Swedish institutional care. If there are animals in institutions they probably fill some kind of function for social work and therefore the phenomena needs to be further examined. Especially as research claim economical and social benefits in using animals in human health care. Animals have been looked upon as trivial but the academic discipline dealing with relations between animals and humans, anthrozoology, has gained respect and is now considered serious.</p>
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