Magíster en Tecnologías de la Información / Esta tesis tiene como objetivo definir y diseñar una herramienta de administración de proyectos de software orientada por un proceso de desarrollo, que permita obtener en forma oportuna un conjunto de métricas que apunten a mejorar la calidad del proceso y productos de la organización. Este proyecto está contextualizado en la experiencia de Amisoft Ingeniería Ltda., la cual ha implementado un proceso denominado Amisoft Process Framework (APF), que enmarca las actividades de gestión, ingeniería y soporte, necesarias para guiar cada proyecto en su ejecución. Este proceso de desarrollo y mantención de software ha sido un gran paso para la organización en busca de la mejora continua y dar cumplimiento a la política de calidad de la empresa. No obstante, este paso no es suficiente para garantizar el éxito de la organización en la entrega de productos y servicios de calidad, siendo necesario llevar a cabo una medición del proceso de desarrollo para entender, monitorear, controlar y predecir el desarrollo y mantención de los proyectos y tomar buenas decisiones en su gestión. El trabajo consistió en proveer una herramienta de gestión de proyectos de software integrada, orientada por el proceso de desarrollo APF, que permita, a partir de los datos de los proyectos ejecutados por la organización, realizar la medición de indicadores y el cálculo de métricas para un mejor entendimiento de la pertinencia del proceso durante el desarrollo y mantenimiento de los proyectos de Amisoft, y provea de la información necesaria para mejorar los procesos y productos de la organización. En particular, se incorporaron a la herramienta las métricas del valor ganado y la volatilidad de requerimientos. Como parte de este trabajo, también se destaca la identificación y propuesta de las características y funcionalidades fundamentales para una herramienta de este tipo, así como también la ejecución de un proyecto piloto que permitiera validar el correcto funcionamiento del sistema y evaluar la calidad de las métricas obtenidas desde el mismo, en comparación con las obtenidas actualmente, a fin de validar su efectividad respecto a los objetivos definidos por la empresa y para este trabajo.

This thesis aims to investigate pension funds'investment behavior in times of a capital markets crisis; to discuss actions taken and changes of an investment policy; and to point out legislative issues. Another topic is a discussion over the contribution of each investment tool to the portfolio performance, and a prediction of the investment policy of pension funds. An important part of this thesis is the analysis of the detailed portfolio of PF Stabilita. The outcome of this paper is not to predict a future developement of capital markets, although a broad prediction for each investment tool is made, but to investigate a reaction of pension funds to the 2008 capital markets turmoils.

Análise de Pontos de Função (APF) é uma das medidas usadas para obter o tamanho funcional de um software. Determinou-se, no Brasil, que toda contratação pública de desenvolvimento de software deve usar APF. Entretanto, uma das principais críticas realizadas a APF diz respeito à falta de confiabilidade entre diferentes contadores em uma mesma contagem já que, segundo alguns pesquisadores, as regras de APF são subjetivas, obrigando que cada contador faça interpretações individuais a partir delas. Existem diversas propostas para que se possa aumentar a confiabilidade dos resultados gerados com APF. Em geral, as abordagens propostas realizam mapeamentos entre componentes de artefatos desenvolvidos no ciclo de vida de software com os conceitos de APF. Porém, tais propostas simplificam em mais de 50% as regras previstas em APF comprometendo a validade dos resultados gerados pelas contagens. Como o tamanho do software é usado na derivação de outras medidas, inconsistências nos tamanhos medidos podem comprometer as medidas derivadas, o que influência negativamente nas decisões tomadas. Sem padronização dos tamanhos funcionais obtidos e consequentemente sem confiabilidade dos resultados obtidos, medidas derivadas a partir do tamanho funcional, como custo e esforço, podem estar comprometidas, fazendo com que ela não ajude a influenciar positivamente tais projetos. Diante desse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver e avaliar experimentalmente uma abordagem para oferecer maior padronização e sistematização na aplicação de APF. Para isso, propõe-se incorporar o artefato Árvore de pontos de função ao processo de APF. Sua inclusão possibilitaria o levantamento de dados adicionais, necessários à contagem de pontos de função, reduzindo a ocorrência de interpretações pessoais do contador, e consequentemente, a variação de tamanho reportado. A abordagem foi denominada como Análise de Pontos de Função baseada em Árvore de Pontos de Função (APF-APF). Este trabalho baseia-se no método de pesquisa Design Science, cujo objetivo é estender os limites do ser humano e as capacidades organizacionais, criando novos artefatos que solucionem problemas ainda não resolvidos ou parcialmente resolvidos; que neste trabalho, trata-se da falta de confiabilidade na aplicação de APF devido à sua margem para diferentes interpretações. APF-APF foi testada com 11 Analistas de Sistemas / Requisitos que, baseados na especificação de um software de Recursos Humanos medido oficialmente pelo IFPUG com 125 pontos de função, modelaram a Árvore de pontos de função de modo manual ou automatizado via protótipo de ferramenta desenvolvido. Os resultados obtidos indicam que os tamanhos funcionais calculados com APF-APF possuem coeficiente de variação, respectivamente de 10,72% em relação a confiabilidade e 17,61% em relação a validade dos resultados de medição gerados. Considera-se que a abordagem APF-APF mostrou potencial para que melhores resultados possam ser obtidos. Verifica-se que a principal causa das variações observadas estava relacionada a ausência de informações requeridas para a Árvore de pontos de função, não tendo sido identificado nenhum problema específico em relação as regras definidas para APF-APF. Por fim, verificou-se que o uso do protótipo de ferramenta desenvolvido aumenta em até 47% a eficiência na contagem de pontos de função quando comparado com APF-APF manual / Function point analysis (FPA) is one of the measures used to achieve the functional size of software. It was determined, in Brazil, public procurement of software development should use FPA. However, one of the main criticisms made the FPA concerns the lack of reliability between different counters on the same count that, according to some researchers, the FPA rules are subjective, requiring that each counter do individual interpretations from them. There are various proposals in order to increase the reliability of the results generated with FPA. In General, the proposed approaches perform mappings between artifacts developed components in software life cycle with the concepts of FPA. However, such proposals simplify in more than 50% the rules laid down in FPA compromising the validity of the results generated by the scores. As the size of the software is used in the derivation of other measures, inconsistencies in sizes measured may compromise the measures derived, which negatively influence the decisions taken. Without standardization of functional sizes obtained and consequently without reliability of the results obtained, derived from measures of functional size, cost and effort, may be compromised, causing it to not help to positively influence these projects. In this context, the objective of this work is to develop and experimentally evaluate one approach to offer greater standardization and systematization in the implementation of FPA. For this, it is proposed to incorporate the artifact \"function point Tree\" to the FPA process. Its inclusion would allow additional data collection necessary for function point count, reducing the occurrence of personal interpretations of the counter, and consequently, the variation of size reported. The approach was called as Function Point Tree-based Function Point Analysis (FPT-FPA). This work is based on the method of Design Science research, whose goal is to extend the limits of the human and organizational capacities, creating new artifacts to troubleshoot unresolved or still partially resolved; in this work, it is the lack of reliability in application of FPA because of its scope for different interpretations. FPT-FPA were tested with 11 Systems analysts / requirements analysts, based on the specification of a human resources software measured by the IFPUG with 125 points, have modeled the function point Tree manually or via automated tool prototype developed. The results obtained indicate that the functional sizes calculated with FPT-FPA have coefficient of variation, respectively of 10.72% for reliability and 17.61% in relation to the validity of the measurement results generated. The FPA approach showed potential for better results can be obtained. It turns out that the main cause of the variations observed were related to the absence of information required for the tree of function points have not been identified any particular problem regarding the rules defined for FPT-FPA. Finally, it was found that the use of a prototype tool increases by up to 47% on efficiency function point count when compared to FPT-FPA manual

Análise de Pontos de Função (APF) é uma das medidas usadas para obter o tamanho funcional de um software. Determinou-se, no Brasil, que toda contratação pública de desenvolvimento de software deve usar APF. Entretanto, uma das principais críticas realizadas a APF diz respeito à falta de confiabilidade entre diferentes contadores em uma mesma contagem já que, segundo alguns pesquisadores, as regras de APF são subjetivas, obrigando que cada contador faça interpretações individuais a partir delas. Existem diversas propostas para que se possa aumentar a confiabilidade dos resultados gerados com APF. Em geral, as abordagens propostas realizam mapeamentos entre componentes de artefatos desenvolvidos no ciclo de vida de software com os conceitos de APF. Porém, tais propostas simplificam em mais de 50% as regras previstas em APF comprometendo a validade dos resultados gerados pelas contagens. Como o tamanho do software é usado na derivação de outras medidas, inconsistências nos tamanhos medidos podem comprometer as medidas derivadas, o que influência negativamente nas decisões tomadas. Sem padronização dos tamanhos funcionais obtidos e consequentemente sem confiabilidade dos resultados obtidos, medidas derivadas a partir do tamanho funcional, como custo e esforço, podem estar comprometidas, fazendo com que ela não ajude a influenciar positivamente tais projetos. Diante desse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver e avaliar experimentalmente uma abordagem para oferecer maior padronização e sistematização na aplicação de APF. Para isso, propõe-se incorporar o artefato Árvore de pontos de função ao processo de APF. Sua inclusão possibilitaria o levantamento de dados adicionais, necessários à contagem de pontos de função, reduzindo a ocorrência de interpretações pessoais do contador, e consequentemente, a variação de tamanho reportado. A abordagem foi denominada como Análise de Pontos de Função baseada em Árvore de Pontos de Função (APF-APF). Este trabalho baseia-se no método de pesquisa Design Science, cujo objetivo é estender os limites do ser humano e as capacidades organizacionais, criando novos artefatos que solucionem problemas ainda não resolvidos ou parcialmente resolvidos; que neste trabalho, trata-se da falta de confiabilidade na aplicação de APF devido à sua margem para diferentes interpretações. APF-APF foi testada com 11 Analistas de Sistemas / Requisitos que, baseados na especificação de um software de Recursos Humanos medido oficialmente pelo IFPUG com 125 pontos de função, modelaram a Árvore de pontos de função de modo manual ou automatizado via protótipo de ferramenta desenvolvido. Os resultados obtidos indicam que os tamanhos funcionais calculados com APF-APF possuem coeficiente de variação, respectivamente de 10,72% em relação a confiabilidade e 17,61% em relação a validade dos resultados de medição gerados. Considera-se que a abordagem APF-APF mostrou potencial para que melhores resultados possam ser obtidos. Verifica-se que a principal causa das variações observadas estava relacionada a ausência de informações requeridas para a Árvore de pontos de função, não tendo sido identificado nenhum problema específico em relação as regras definidas para APF-APF. Por fim, verificou-se que o uso do protótipo de ferramenta desenvolvido aumenta em até 47% a eficiência na contagem de pontos de função quando comparado com APF-APF manual / Function point analysis (FPA) is one of the measures used to achieve the functional size of software. It was determined, in Brazil, public procurement of software development should use FPA. However, one of the main criticisms made the FPA concerns the lack of reliability between different counters on the same count that, according to some researchers, the FPA rules are subjective, requiring that each counter do individual interpretations from them. There are various proposals in order to increase the reliability of the results generated with FPA. In General, the proposed approaches perform mappings between artifacts developed components in software life cycle with the concepts of FPA. However, such proposals simplify in more than 50% the rules laid down in FPA compromising the validity of the results generated by the scores. As the size of the software is used in the derivation of other measures, inconsistencies in sizes measured may compromise the measures derived, which negatively influence the decisions taken. Without standardization of functional sizes obtained and consequently without reliability of the results obtained, derived from measures of functional size, cost and effort, may be compromised, causing it to not help to positively influence these projects. In this context, the objective of this work is to develop and experimentally evaluate one approach to offer greater standardization and systematization in the implementation of FPA. For this, it is proposed to incorporate the artifact \"function point Tree\" to the FPA process. Its inclusion would allow additional data collection necessary for function point count, reducing the occurrence of personal interpretations of the counter, and consequently, the variation of size reported. The approach was called as Function Point Tree-based Function Point Analysis (FPT-FPA). This work is based on the method of Design Science research, whose goal is to extend the limits of the human and organizational capacities, creating new artifacts to troubleshoot unresolved or still partially resolved; in this work, it is the lack of reliability in application of FPA because of its scope for different interpretations. FPT-FPA were tested with 11 Systems analysts / requirements analysts, based on the specification of a human resources software measured by the IFPUG with 125 points, have modeled the function point Tree manually or via automated tool prototype developed. The results obtained indicate that the functional sizes calculated with FPT-FPA have coefficient of variation, respectively of 10.72% for reliability and 17.61% in relation to the validity of the measurement results generated. The FPA approach showed potential for better results can be obtained. It turns out that the main cause of the variations observed were related to the absence of information required for the tree of function points have not been identified any particular problem regarding the rules defined for FPT-FPA. Finally, it was found that the use of a prototype tool increases by up to 47% on efficiency function point count when compared to FPT-FPA manual

Context. Building autonomous racing car controllers is a growing field of computer science which has been receiving great attention lately. An approach named Artificial Potential Fields (APF) is used widely as a path finding and obstacle avoidance approach in robotics and vehicle motion controlling systems. The use of APF results in a collision free path, it can also be used to achieve other goals such as overtaking and maneuverability. Objectives. The aim of this thesis is to build an autonomous racing car controller that can achieve good performance in terms of speed, time, and damage level. To fulfill our aim we need to achieve optimality in the controller choices because racing requires the highest possible performance. Also, we need to build the controller using algorithms that does not result in high computational overhead. Methods. We used Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in combination with APF to achieve optimal car controlling. The Open Racing Car Simulator (TORCS) was used as a testbed for the proposed controller, we have conducted two experiments with different configuration each time to test the performance of our APF- PSO controller. Results. The obtained results showed that using the APF-PSO controller resulted in good performance compared to top performing controllers. Also, the results showed that the use of PSO proved to enhance the performance compared to using APF only. High performance has been proven in the solo driving and in racing competitions, with the exception of an increased level of damage, however, the level of damage was not very high and did not result in a controller shut down. Conclusions. Based on the obtained results we have concluded that the use of PSO with APF results in high performance while taking low computational cost.

Hlavním cílem této práce je vyvinout aplikaci sloužící pro reportování správy rizik za použití nejnovějších technologií, které nabízí firma SAP. V první části je nastíněn koncept problematiky správy rizik, jsou vysvětleny klíčové pojmy a zmíněny některé problémy z této oblasti, se kterými se společnosti v dnešní době potýkají. Dále jsou vyjmenována a srovnána některá z komplexních softwarových řešení, které jsou momentálně dostupné na trhu. Práce pokračuje popisem technologií, které jsou využity při tvorbě výsledné aplikace. Proces vývoje zahrnoval analýzu stávajícího datového modelu, tvorbu nové datové struktury a její validaci a návrh samotného uživatelského prostředí pro zobrazování těchto dat. Výsledná aplikace umožňuje získávat správná data z databáze a zobrazovat je odpovídajícím způsobem.

Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2017-03-08T19:19:52Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação_FelipeOliveiraBarbalho.pdf: 1338681 bytes, checksum: 59450531ef14c232cbd53efcacba8b7e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-08T19:19:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação_FelipeOliveiraBarbalho.pdf: 1338681 bytes, checksum: 59450531ef14c232cbd53efcacba8b7e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-28 / Há uma tendência das organizações que atuam no desenvolvimento e manutenção de software em utilizarem Pontos de Função como medida padrão em seus processos de medição. Atualmente a análise de pontos de função é a técnica mais utilizada entre as organizações brasileiras. Por outro lado, o COSMIC é uma técnica de medição considerada como a segunda geração em método de medição funcional de projetos de desenvolvimento e manutenção de software, sendo precisa e abrangente para medir software e estimar esforço de desenvolvimento, despertando o interesse do mercado de desenvolvimento de software por essa métrica. Quando considerada a migração das bases históricas de medição de software das organizações para uma nova unidade de medida, há como consequência um alto custo para se medir os projetos legados. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desse trabalho é propor uma alternativa para migração de bases históricas de Pontos de Função para o COSMIC. A abordagem propõe uma fórmula de conversão, o qual foi encontrada a partir da medição de quatro projetos de desenvolvimento de software analisados nessas duas técnicas, para atualizar seus dados sem o custo de refazer toda sua base histórica. / There is a tendency in software development and maintenance organizations in using Function Points as a standard measure in their measurement processes. Currently the analysis of function points is the most used technique among Brazilian organizations. On the other hand, COSMIC is a measurement technique considered as the secondgeneration method of functional measurement for software development and maintenance projects, with an accurate and comprehensive approach to measure and estimate software development effort, arousing interest of software development market for this metric. When organizations are considering the migration of their historical measure basis for a new measurement unit, there is a consequent high cost to measure the legacy projects. In this sense, the purpose of this work is to propose an alternative to migrate historical bases of Function Points to COSMIC. The approach proposes a conversion factor, which was found from the measurement of four software development projects analyzed in these two techniques to update its data without the cost of redoing the entire historical basis.

Applications of power electronics in power systems are growing very rapidly and changing the power system infrastructure in terms of operation speed and control. Even though applications of power electronics are wide spread, the cost and reliability of power electronics are the issues that could hinder their penetration in the utility and industrial systems. The demand for efficient and reliable converter controllers gave rise to modularized converter and controller design. The objective of this dissertation is to determine the appropriate partitioning and interface requirements between the system and application control layers for power electronic converters so that the minimum set of system layer to application layer control interfaces is compatible across all power electronic controllers. Previous work, using the Open System Architecture (OSA) concept has shown that there is a set of common functions shared by different converters at the low-level control layers. It has also shown that, depending on the application, there is a variation in control functions in application/middle control layers. This functional variation makes it difficult to define system functionality of power converters at upper control layers and further complicates the investigation into the partition requirements of system to application control layer. However, by analyzing the current or voltage affected by a converter in terms of orthogonal components, where each component or group of components is associated with a power-converter application, and the amount of required DC bus energy storage, a common functionality can be observed at the application control layer. Therefore, by establishing common functionality in terms of affected current or voltage components, a flexibility of operation can be realized at upper control layers that will be a major contribution towards standardizing the open system architecture. In order to a construct functional flexible power converter control architecture, the interface requirements to the system control layer and the partitioning between the system control layer and application control layer need to be explored. This will provide flexibility of system design methodology by reducing the number of constraints and enabling system designers to explore possible system architectures much more effectively.

Artifi cial potential fi elds is a technique that use attractive and repelling forces to control e.g. robots, or non player characters in games. We show how this technique may be used in a controller for Super Mario in a way create a human-like playing style. By combining fi elds of progression, opponent avoidance and rewards, we get a controller that tries to collect the rewards and avoid the opponents at the same time as it is progressing towards the goal of the level. We use human test persons to improve the controller further by letting them make pair-wise comparisons with human play recordings, and use the feed-back to calibrate the bot for human-like play. / Student 1: Likith Poovanna Kelapanda Staish Mob: +46735542609 Student 2: Vinay Sudha Ethiraj Mob: +46736135683

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), so-called drones, has been growingrapidly in the last decade. Today, they are used for, among other things, monitoring missions and inspections of places that are difficult for people to access. Toefficiently and robustly execute these types of missions, a swarm of drones maybe used, i.e., a collection of drones that coordinate together. However, this introduces new requirements on what solutions are used for control and navigation. Two important aspects of autonomous navigation of drone swarms are formationcontrol and collision avoidance. To manage these problems, we propose four different solution algorithms. Two of them use leader-follower control to keep formation, Artificial PotentialField (APF) for path planning and Control Barrier Function (CBF)/ExponentialControl Barrier Function (ECBF) to guarantee that the control signal is safe i.e.the drones keep the desired safety distance. The other two solutions use an optimal control problem formulation of a motion planning problem to either generate open-loop or closed-loop trajectories with a linear quadratic regulator (LQR)controller for trajectory following. The trajectories are optimized in terms of timeand formation keeping. Two different controllers are used in the solutions. Oneof which uses cascade PID control, and the other uses a combination of cascadePID control and LQR control. As a way to test our solutions, a scenario is created that can show the utilityof the presented algorithms. The scenario consists of two drone swarms that willtake on different missions executed in the same environment, where the droneswarms will be on a direct collision course with each other. The implementedsolutions should keep the desired formation while smoothly avoiding collisionsand deadlocks. The tests are conducted on real UAVs, using the open sourceflying development platform Crazyflie 2.1 from Bitcraze AB. The resulting trajectories are evaluated in terms of time, path length, formation error, smoothnessand safety.  The obtained results show that generating trajectories from an optimal control problem is superior compared to using APF+leader-follower+CBF/ECBF. However, one major advantage of the last-mentioned algorithms is that decision making is done at every time step making these solutions more robust to disturbancesand changes in the environment.