Omniprésente au début de la Ve République dans les discours constitutionnels, l'expression « violation de la Constitution » a progressivement disparu alors que la pratique initiée par le Général de Gaulle est restée inchangée. Cette disparition des discours signifie-t-elle que la notion de « violation de la Constitution » ne peut être ni « parlée », ni « pensée » ? L'hypothèse proposée est la suivante : la présence ou l'effacement de la notion de « violation de la Constitution » dépend des représentations de la Constitution. Certaines, en recourant à « l'esprit de la Constitution » ou aux règles non écrites, conduisent à un effacement relatif de la notion de « violation de la Constitution » ; d'autres, s'appuyant sur les analyses politiste et réaliste du droit, conduisent à un effacement absolu de la notion. Pourtant, ces représentations n'arrivent pas à faire complètement disparaître la notion de « violation de la Constitution » qui apparaît même renaître sous l'effet du contrôle de constitutionnalité de la loi, lequel vient renforcer la qualité de l'écrit constitutionnel. Dès lors, cette reconnaissance pratique impliquait une reconnaissance conceptuelle de la Constitution permettant de « penser » autrement la notion de « violation de la Constitution ». / Currently used in the early Fifth Republic's constitutional discourses, the "violation of the Constitution" term has gradually disappeared while the General de Gaulle's practice remained unchanged. Does this loss of speech mean that the "violation of the Constitution" notion neither be "talked" nor "thought"? The hypothesis here discussed tends to demonstrate that the presence or the fading of "constitutional violation" concept depends on the way that the Constitution had been represented. Some used the "Constitution's spirit" or unwritten rules to lay down a constitution's representation which lead to a relative fading of the concept, others, based on politicist and realistic law's analyses of the constitution lead to an absolute dismiss of the "violation of the Constitution" concept. However, those constitution's representations are unable to make the "violation of the Constitution" notion disappeared when nowadays the judicial review highlights it, and as a result strengthens the constitutional written 's quality. Therefore, this practical recognition implied a conceptual recognition of the Constitution which permits to differently "think" the "violation of the Constitution" notion.

L’analyse de flux d’évènements pour reconnaître des comportements complexes prédéfinis (Complex Event Processing – CEP) permet d’interpréter et de réagir à des quantités importantes de données ne pouvant être appréhendées telles quelles. Dans cette thèse, nous fournissons le cadre théorique général d’un CEP en adoptant une approche purement formelle qui assure une possibilité de vérification et d’analyse du processus de reconnaissance. Nous définissons un langage, le langage des chroniques, permettant de décrire les comportements complexes à reconnaître. Nous formalisons la notion de reconnaissance de chronique à l’aide d’une sémantique ensembliste fondée sur une représentation arborescente des reconnaissances. Dans une visée applicative, nous développons ensuite deux modèles du processus de reconnaissance. Le premier est réalisé avec le formalisme des réseaux de Petri colorés et permet de valider les principes de reconnaissance en faisant notamment ressortir les problèmes de concurrence et de modularité. Le second implémente directement le formalisme mathématique sous la forme d’une bibliothèque C++ appelée Chronicle Recognition Library (CRL) et disponible en open source. Nous tirons parti de cette implémentation pour traiter deux cas d’applications liés à l’insertion des drones dans l’espace aérien. La première vise à surveiller la cohérence d’un système de drones insérés dans le trafic aérien, en cas de pannes de liens de communication. Notre application permet d’une part de vérifier la cohérence des procédures actuellement mises en place en cas de pannes ; et d’autre part de compléter ces procédures par des alarmes dans les situations inévitables causées par des erreurs humaines. La seconde application surveille le bon respect des procédures de sécurité d’un drone partant en mission et traversant diverses zones, contrôlées ou non, de l’espace aérien. / Recognising complex predefined behaviours by the analysis of event flows (Complex Event Processing - CEP) alows to interpret and react to large quantities of data wich one would not be able to apprehend alone. In this Ph.D. thesis, we provide a general theoretical framework for CEP through a purely formal approach ensuring the possibility to check and analyse the recognition process. We define a language, the chronicle language, allowing the description of the complex behaviours to be recognised. We formalise the notion of chronicle recognition through a set semantics based on an arborescent representation of recognitions. In order to use this framework, we then develop two models of the recognition process. The first relies on coloured Petri nets and allows the validation of recognition principles including concurrency and modularity issues. The second model directly implements the mathematical formalism in a C++ library, chronicle recognition library (CRL), wich is avaible in open source. We use this implementation to fulfil two applications linked to the insertion of unmanned aircraft system inside air traffic in case of communication link breakdowns. This application allows, on the other hand, to check the consistency of the procedures currently followed in case of failures ; and, on the other hand, to complete these procedures with alarms in case of unavoidable situations caused by human errors. The second application oversees that the security procedures of an unmanned aircraft flying through controlled or uncontrolled airspace are correctly followed.

Les enfants avec autisme sont souvent confrontés à des difficultés en lien avec la perception et la construction temporelle, ce qui impactent directement leur quotidien les empêchant ainsi de s'inscrire pleinement dans les situations d’apprentissage. L’utilisation de supports papier de planification leur permette d’anticiper les événements à venir et de limiter leurs angoisses. L’utilisation de l’application çATED, constituée d'un agenda numérique associé à une minuterie visuelle, est proposée pour pallier à ces difficultés de planification. Cette thèse vise à identifier le processus d’appropriation de l'outil numérique des encadrants puis d’analyser les effets de l'usage de cet outil sur le développement de compétences sociocognitives des usagers-enfants. Cette recherche s'est déroulée auprès de cinq enfants avec autisme âgés de 6 à 12 ans et accueillis en Institut Médico-Educatif (IME). Des entretiens semi-directifs mensuels ont été menés auprès des neuf professionnels et des cinq parents et ont fait l’objet d’une analyse thématique. Une séance filmée hebdomadaire, pendant un an, était réalisée avec l’enfant et le professionnel afin d’étudier l’évolution des comportements de l'apprenant. L'analyse de ces données est réalisée avec un outil statistique d’analyse de cas unique : Tau-U. Les résultats indiquent une appropriation opérante du support numérique par les professionnels experts dès les premiers mois de l’étude. De plus, l’utilisation de l’application çATED auprès des enfants permet de maintenir leur disponibilité cognitive, de réduire la fréquence d’apparition des comportements-défis, de développer une communication non verbale favorisant les échanges avec autrui et d’enrichir les interactions multiples au sein de la dyade professionnel-enfant. / Children with Autism are confronted with difficulties related to perception and construction temporal, which directly impact their everyday life on Learning. The use of planning paper supports is common for accompanying them in order to anticipate future events and limit their anxieties. The use of a digital agenda application associated with a visual timer is proposed to overcome these planning difficulties. This study aims at identifying the process of appropriation of the digital tool of the investigators then analysis of the effects of the use of this tool on the development of the socio-cognitive skills of the userschildren. To what extent does the appropriation of a digital program does it promote access to new learning or leisure activities and how is it being built? This research took place near of five children with autism aged 6 to 12 years and hosted in the specialized institution. Semi-directional interviews were conducted with the nine professionals and the five parents. These data were the subject of a thematic analysis. In addition, each week, and for one year, a filmed session was held with the child and the professional to highlight the evolution of the children’s behavior over the months. The analysis of these data is carried out using a single statistical analysis tool: Tau-U. The results indicate an appropriation of digital support by professional experts from the first months of the experiment. In addition, using the çATED application with children helps to maintain cognitive availability, reduce the frequency of challenging behaviors, develop non-verbal communication that promotes interaction with others, and enrich interactions within the dyad : professional - child.

Thesis (M.S.S.I.S.)--Regis University, Denver, Colo., 2007. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on Nov. 02, 2007). Includes bibliographical references.

The research investigated the use of Moodle in three tertiary level English language programmes at an institution of higher learning in Namibia, using a qualitative approach. As the use of technology in education has become imperative, it was also mandatory for academics at the research site to incorporate technology into their teaching and learning. It aimed to investigate how Moodle was used to enhance English language teaching and learning, emanating from the need of similar studies in the field and at the research site. Also, the research aimed to uncover the successes and challenges that the lecturers and students experienced in the process of using Moodle. The research adopted a case study design with three embedded sub-units: three English language courses. Six lecturers and 15 students participated in the study. Data were collected through interviews, observation and document analysis and were analysed thematically. The research revealed how the lecturers and students involved in the three English language service courses were enthusiastic about using Moodle and a few successes were notable, but they were also challenged in different ways. Four of the lecturers considered themselves to be beginners as they had only recently started to use Moodle extensively, while the other two considered themselves average users of the system. The study revealed more challenges than successes. Minimal use of Moodle in the fundamental and intermediate English language courses, minimal use of the embedded Moodle communication tools, and limited knowledge and skills in using the system emerged as some of the key challenges. Although the institution had training mechanisms in place, both lecturer and student participants pleaded for more staff training opportunities to enable them to use the tools that were found to be underutilised: the blogs, chat and discussion forums. Drawing on the findings of the study, the guidelines for effective use of Moodle are suggested. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / Ph. D. (Education)

EGAS is the acronym for the Engineering Graphics Application system, developed specifically to facilitate engineering design. It provides interactive drafting tools for civil engineering, mechanical engineering and architectural graphics, and is particularly useful to structural engineers. EGAS has been developed based on X in a Unix environment. / Thesis / Master of Science (MS)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Murdoch University, 2002. / Thesis submitted to the Division of Business, Information Technology and Law. Bibliography: p. 355-367.

This is a report which details an independent project for the Computer and Information Engineering Programme held at Uppsala University involving the design and development of a mobile application to promote recycling habits. The application is called Pantarevir and its purpose is to act as a competitive game in which users conquer territories within a city by recycling more than other users within the same area. The project explores the concept of gamification in which themes and concepts normally found in games are in-cooperated in a non-game context. The non-game context for this project is the act of recycling. The Pantarevir game transforms recycling into a competitive game, designed to form an environmental awareness and mindset in its players as well as being fun to play. / Denna rapport beskriver ett oberoende projekt för Civilingenjörsprogrammet inom Informationsteknologi på Uppsala Universitet. Rapporten handlar om designen och utvecklingen av en mobilapplikation för att uppmärksamma människors återvinningsvanor. Applikationen heter Pantarevir och dess syfte är att fungera som ett tävlingsinriktat spel där användare tävlar om att ta över områden inom sin stad. Detta sker genom att tävla om vem som pantar mest inom ett område. Projektet utforskar konceptet spelifiering där teman och koncept som normalt sett finnes i spel samverkar inom något som normalt sett inte förknippas med spel. I detta fall handlar det om att spelifiera återvinning. Spelet Pantarevir förvandlar återvinning till ett tävlingsinriktat spel, framtaget för att uppmärksamma påföljden av återvinning samt ha en positiv inverkan på spelarna. Detta tillsammans med att vara ett spel vilket spelare även finner underhållande.

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This thesis addresses three issues. These are the self-assembly of block copolymer in selective solvents, hierarchical assembly of micelles or crosslinked micelles of block copolymers, and the application of block copolymers as solid state compatibilizers in polymer-based photovoltaic cells. Poly(acrylic acid)-block-(2-cinnamoyloxylethyl methacrylate)-block-poly(perfluorooctylethyl methacrylate) or PAA-b-PCEMA-b-PFOEMA self-assembles in solvent mixtures of α,α,α-trifluorotoluene (TFT) and methanol, which are selective towards PAA. At TFT volume fraction (fTFT) of 40 %, the copolymer forms vesicles at 70 oC and cylinders at 21 oC. These two structures inter-convert via meta-stable intermediates including jellyfish-like, tethered vesicular, and bilayer sheet-like structures. These structures occur in kinetic experiments involving quick temperature swing from 21 to 70 oC or vice versa and also in experiments involving annealing samples long at temperatures between 21 to 70 oC. Thus, they are meta-stable and point to complex pathways for the morphological transition. At fTFT = 10 %, the polymer forms vesicles with bumpy surface at 70 oC and toroids with sharp angles at 21 oC. Closely examined is how the liquid crystalline nature of the PFOEMA block affects the formation of these unique morphologies and their morphological transitions. Two types of hierarchical assembly of cylindrical micelles (cylinders) or crosslinked cylindrical micelles (fibers) of block copolymers are examined. First, carboxyl-bearing nanofibers of PAA-b-PCEMA and amino-bearing nanocylinders from poly(tert-butyl acrylate)-block-poly(2-cinnamoyloxyethyl methacrylate)-block-poly(2-dimethylamino-ethylmethacrylate), PtBA-b-PCEMA-b-PDMAEMA, are mixed in solvent. The two species firstly aggregate via electrostatic interaction. Upon heating and aging, the cylinders dissociate on the fibers and eventually evolve into composite multilayered cylindrical structures. Second, layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition of carboxyl- and amine-bearing nanofibers yielded multilayer films. These films detached from a substrate separate nanospheres based on their size and surface charge differences. Diblock copolymers poly(3-hexylthiophene)-block-poly(2-cinnamoyloxyethyl methacrylate-random-2-[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyroyoxyethyl methacrylate) (T-C60C) and poly(3-hexylthiophene)-block-poly(2-acetoxyethyl methacrylate-random-2-[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyroyoxyethyl methacrylate) (T-C60A) are synthesized and used as compatibilizers for polymer-based photovoltaic cells containing poly(3-hexylthiophene) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). Both copolymers can stabilize the morphology of the active layer and thus the device performance. T-C60A in the active layer yields longer life-times and better initial performance of the devices, due to the matching of surface tensions between C60A and PCBM. / Thesis (Ph.D, Chemistry) -- Queen's University, 2013-02-05 13:45:04.189