The Saint and Hallow Polish Martyrs In The Course of Centuries The objective of thesis "The Saint and Hallow Polish Martyrs In The Course of Centuries" is the introduction of selected Polish martyrs from the middle ages until the end of the 20th century. The thesis follow their cult development from its origin until present, including related demonstration of art, in particular the development of iconography. They also follow the influence of life example and the subsequent cult of the martyrs on the society at that time, as well as the spiritual and national awareness of the following generations. In this connection, they also give attention to particularities of the Polish national history, the constitutional arrangement, the artistic and culture relationships and environment and the history of the Catholic Church in Poland. Each chapter, which is introducing a Saint or a group of martyrs, is divided into three parts - the epoch, the life, the cult and iconography. The objective of this division is the schema of historical conditions in which the personality of the Saint was formed. These historical conditions were also determine for the martyrdom. The next parts of the chapters deal with a brief biography of the Saint and the summary of significant moments in the development of the Saint's cult...

This dissertation recasts the history of nudity in art as a history of ecology. Art historians have long emphasized that depictions of the nude body make visible social relationships structured by gender, race, and class. I contend that ecological relationships—among human beings, fellow living things, and their environments—lie latent in these same artworks. My argument unfolds in the context of the nineteenth-century United States, a place of profound and lasting change that transformed how the human body was understood and represented. Taking seriously the historical euphemism “the garb of nature,” I look anew at nudity across artistic media. Three chronological chapters expand outward in scale and engage with different aspects of the natural world: I examine an ivory miniature of a white woman’s bare breasts, a wet-collodion negative of unclothed Civil War soldiers bathing outdoors, and an enormous sculptural weathervane on the New York City skyline. In each case, I grapple with the contexts in which these artworks emerged, encompassing enslavement, war, colonialism, hunting, pollution, and industrialization—all practices premised upon social and ecological hierarchy. Yet my analysis reveals that these artworks attest not to hierarchy but to the vital interdependence of people and the natural world. Together, these case studies chart a new approach to nudity in art, attuned to both the social and ecological stakes of representation.

Cette thèse présente les résultats d’une enquête sociologique sur la condition actuelle des artistes en arts visuels et plastiques, réalisée au Québec et en Belgique francophone. Il s’agit d’une étude comparative concernant les mondes de l’art dans lesquels évoluent ces artistes, mais également d’une recherche sur les représentations qu’ils entretiennent à l’égard de leur propre identité d’artiste, de leur rôle et de leur statut social aujourd’hui. Quels sont les enjeux d’une carrière artistique en 2013? En quoi consistent les épreuves et les balises, les facteurs de persistance ou d’abandon d’un tel parcours? Comment choisit-on de devenir artiste au tournant du XXIe siècle, ou de le demeurer? Quelles motivations orientent un tel choix? De quelles manières cette pratique professionnelle s’inscrit-elle dans l’univers contemporain du travail, de la production de biens ou de la culture mondialisée? <p>Trois objectifs principaux ont dirigé la recherche. En premier lieu, la thèse expose, au moyen des données disponibles dans chaque pays concerné (statistiques, législations, études diverses), les contextes sociaux, économiques et institutionnels dans lesquels évoluent les artistes en arts visuels. En second lieu, elle explore les différentes dimensions de la création plastique en tant que pratique concrète, à partir d’une trentaine d’entretiens compréhensifs menés auprès d’artistes de toutes disciplines et générations, au Québec et en Belgique francophone entre 2008 et 2012. L’enquête interroge les parcours professionnels et personnels afin de savoir selon quelles modalités s’organise le travail artistique aujourd’hui et quelles sont les spécificités contemporaines de ces métiers séculaires. En troisième lieu, cette enquête met en lumière, par le biais de l’analyse des récits recueillis, les univers de représentations et de valeurs qui guident les artistes dans leurs choix quotidiens. Se trouvent identifiés et analysés les critères justifiant leurs choix et leurs actions, leurs référents éthiques ainsi que le sens qu’ils accordent à leurs pratiques de création et, plus généralement, au phénomène de l’art dans la société.<p>Ce troisième objectif de la recherche permet d’ouvrir la question de l’ethos. En tant que concept heuristique ayant permis d’approcher, dans le cadre de cette enquête, la dimension des raisons d’agir, la notion d’ethos évoque le moment d’incarnation, dans la pratique concrète des individus, de l’ensemble des valeurs et idéaux qui les habitent. Ainsi, sur le plan conceptuel, cette thèse élabore une définition synthétique de la notion d’ethos à partir des multiples sens qui lui ont été accordés dans l’histoire des idées, depuis la Rhétorique d’Aristote jusqu’aux études actuelles en analyse du discours et en sociologie du travail, en passant par ses usages spécifiques chez Max Weber et Pierre Bourdieu.<p>Cette recherche se fonde sur une connaissance approfondie des études contemporaines et plus anciennes sur les artistes, leurs pratiques et leur statut, réel ou mythique. Néanmoins, dans la perspective méthodologique de la théorie ancrée, elle cherche à renouveler ces connaissances à partir d’une enquête de terrain, en portant une attention particulière aux catégories endogènes à travers lesquelles les artistes interprètent eux-mêmes leur réalité. La parole vive des personnes interviewées fut la source principale à partir de laquelle s’est accomplie l’étude de l’ethos artiste contemporain. C’est dans une approche d’inspiration pragmatiste, qui « prend au sérieux » les acteurs (selon l’expression de Luc Boltanski), qu’ont été menées les entrevues et les analyses de celles-ci. L’enquête révèle ainsi que les artistes d’aujourd’hui parviennent à négocier un espace de cohérence, dans leur vie professionnelle et personnelle, entre d’une part, leurs idéaux concernant l’art et l’authenticité de la pratique artistique, et d’autre part, les contraintes inhérentes à la réalité des mondes de l’art, de l’emploi et du capitalisme post-industriel. Dans une approche inductive, les différentes composantes de cette négociation se dégagent de l’analyse des entretiens, et permettent d’élaborer une sociologie du travail artistique qui tient compte de la dimension réflexive, épistémique, agissant au cœur des pratiques de création plastique.<p>Compte tenu des conditions économiques souvent difficiles de la pratique artistique, révélées par toutes les enquêtes sur le sujet, l’investissement personnel des artistes, en ressources de diverses natures, semble la condition essentielle à l’existence d’une production artistique, quelle qu’elle soit. Dans cette perspective, il demeure pertinent d’interroger la spécificité du statut et de la condition de l’artiste, particulièrement sous l’éclairage de l’ethos. / Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilmment in compliance with the requirements for the Masters Degree in Technology: Fine Art, Department of Fine Art, Durban University of Technology, 2009. / This paper explores the chronological relationship between the fine art market and the work produced by black South African artists since the emergence of a black urban class in the 1940s. It stems from the hypothesis that historically the art market had (and to some degree, still has) a major influence on the works produced by black artists in South Africa. In the introduction I contextualized the title of this dissertation by discussing the definitions of the terminology which feature therein. In Chapter One I have contextualized the study by looking at the historical background (the pre-1994) of South African art. I have specifically looked at how the socio-political conditions of that time influenced the work produced by black South African artists, hence the emergence of Township Art and Resistance Art. In Chapter Two I looked at the roles played by art institutions, galleries, and organizations in the stylistic developments made by black South African artists between the 1950s and 2000. The discussion of the influential role played by such informal institutions as Polly Street Art Centre, Jubilee Art Centre, the Johannesburg Art Foundation and many others on black artists forms a greater part of this chapter. Also included in this chapter is the discussion which examines the hypothesis that many black artists who do not have a formal academic background constitute a greater part of the informal art market. Tommy Motswai, Joseph Manana and Sibusiso Duma are examples of such artists and their work is discussed in depth. David Koloane, De Jager, Anitra Nettleton and other writers who have made literary contributions to South African art history, have been extensively cited and critically engaged in this chapter. iv In Chapter Three I discussed contemporary perceptions of the formal art sector, particularly in the post apartheid period. In this regard I looked at what defines mainstream or high art and how it differs from the marginal forms of art which are discussed in the preceding chapter. In this discussion I looked at the work of Sam Nhlengethwa, Colbert Mashile and my own work. In my discussion of their work I mapped out the characteristics of contemporary mainstream art, focussing primarily on 2-dimensional art. / M

Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Technology in Fine Art, Durban University of Technology, 2011. / The crux of my thesis is the study of the relationship of script and image in the work of contemporary arts. I chose to focus on three selected artists, i.e. myself, Celeste van der Merwe, a local South African male artist named Willem Boshoff and an international female artist, Barbara Kruger. My intention was to write a readable self-study thesis that would be both informative and educational while simultaneously appealing to the heart of the reader. In order to realise this intention, I focussed on how the above-mentioned artists used script and image to address social issues prevalent in society today. I also made social statements through the medium of my art based on the familiar allegory, Little Red Riding Hood. My aim has been to address the breakdown of the family structure by focussing on the suffering of teenagers as a result of dysfunctional family structures and behaviours. I explored the powerful and provocative manner in which Barbara Kruger effectively wields the combination of script and image in her work. Boshoff on the other hand is a South African linguist who incorporates script in a variety of disciplines such as installations, visual poetry, concrete poetry, sculpture. In my own art I deconstructed and transformed materials and found that the process of breaking down and rebuilding reflected the breakdown and restoration in/of the lives of children. By consciously investigating my practice as a creative artist using script and image I have gained a better understanding of myself and I believe I am now able to improve my practise. Through this self-study research I have grown in self-discovery and self-actualization as an artist and have developed as a researcher. Finally, I concluded that the relationship between script and image is open-ended, not conclusive and differs in each work of art. / Durban University of Technology Research Management Office. / M

Entre la fin du XXe siècle et le début du XXIe siècle, on assiste à une émergence et à une multiplication des conférences et sommets internationaux, nationaux et locaux sur l’environnement. Cette prise de conscience face à l’urgence de trouver des moyens et des solutions afin de préserver, restaurer ou mettre en valeur la Terre et ses écosystèmes, se reflète dans le milieu artistique. Cette étude a pour but de montrer que l’inclusion du thème écologiste dans le champ artistique opère des changements sur la configuration de l’art, c’est-à-dire sur les lieux (l’emplacement des oeuvres), sur les acteurs (les artistes et le public), sur les usages et la finalité des oeuvres. Le second objectif est d’indiquer qu’il existe une concordance entre la théorie pragmatiste et l’art écologique. L’observation de cette proximité permet de mettre à profit la théorie deweyenne afin de mieux comprendre le fonctionnement des projets artistiques écologistes. Le corpus est établi à partir d’oeuvres de l’artiste québécoise Francine Larivée, de l’artiste torontois Noel Harding et de l’artiste américaine Agnes Denes. / Between the 20th and the 21st century we assist to a multiplication of colloquia and international, national, and local summits about the environment. This growing awareness of preserving, restoring and highlighting the importance of Earth and its ecosystems is reflected in the artistic world. The present study aims to show that the inclusion of the ecology in the Arts changes their configuration regarding the space (the location of the artistic work), the actors (the artist and the public), its function and its goals. The second objective is to illustrate the concordance between the pragmatist theory and the ecological art. The analysis of the proximity between the two, allows us to make use of John Dewey’s theory in order to understand better the functioning of the artistic ecologist objectives. The corpus of the art works contains three main artists: Francine Larivée from Montreal, Noel Harding from Toronto, and the American artist Agnes Denes.

This study looks at artists’ careers as paths defined by their relative position in a dynamic professional network where innovation and creativity are highly regarded. Today, the theoretical and empirical study of networks has demonstrated that in some professions the individuals’ position in the network can facilitate or constrain their success. In studies about diffusion of information, for instance, some authors have found that individuals connected to a greater variety of sources are more creative and perform better. I explored this idea by looking at a network of visual artists and art institutions in Miami, and found a positive correlation between position and success, though, not explained by variety exclusively. In the network, artistic success is a function of connecting both across artistic categories and a hierarchical system; therefore, in an art world, creativity and innovation are mediated by key members, who distribute information and resources through affiliation, prominence and brokerage. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2016. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

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This dissertation examines two controversies involving paintings of the female nude by artists Debora Arango and Carlos Correa during a period of political crisis in Bogota (Colombia) in order to open the political to cultural analysis and thus shed light on scenarios of change in the 1930s and 1940s. Unpacking the controversies lends insight into the unique ways in which modernity, the body, its representations, sexuality, gender and politics came together in Colombia during this period. Such an approach also shows that modernity in Colombia involved shifts in religious and secular frames of sense-making and morality. This dissertation argues that the controversies and the female nudes provide a window into the Liberal regime's creation of culture as an autonomous sphere as part of its cultural program, which bridged high and popular culture, as well as on aspects of private life concerned with sexuality and gender. It shows how such changes registered in the lives of the artists and how the artists translated the changes they experienced into modes of pictorial expression. This dissertation argues that the demands of the aesthetic and the demands of politics during this period pressed on each other, resulting in the wide-spread perception of moral breach that came to a head in the "scandals of the female nudes." This dissertation thus sheds light on dimensions of both the political and the private during this period. / Because art and politics were thus entangled, this dissertation shows that, in this particular Colombian modernity, society was not polarized, that the private and the private overlapped, that issues of intimacy surfaced in the public realm, and that Catholicism was the idiom shared by men and women who were grappling with change. It shows that the cultural program of the Liberal regime was the immediate referent for criticism in these events and, through it, of the Liberal regime's reforms of education of 1934 and 1936. Finally, it shows that this modernity and its attendant anxieties were played out through the body in the public and the private realms, within, not against, the Catholic tradition, in unprecedented ways. This thesis demonstrates that politics and issues of sexuality and gender were entangled in the public sphere and converged in the female nudes, turning them into a major threat to morality within both religious and secular frameworks. By unpacking the controversies, this dissertation marks a seminal break with historical accounts that describe Colombia's as a failed modernity, its society as polarized, and debates over sexuality and gender as the product of politics. This dissertation also contradicts art historical writings that account for the production of images and the reception of art in this period solely in political terms.

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilmment in compliance with the requirements for the Masters Degree in Technology: Fine Art, Department of Fine Art, Durban University of Technology, 2009. / This paper explores the chronological relationship between the fine art market and the work produced by black South African artists since the emergence of a black urban class in the 1940s. It stems from the hypothesis that historically the art market had (and to some degree, still has) a major influence on the works produced by black artists in South Africa. In the introduction I contextualized the title of this dissertation by discussing the definitions of the terminology which feature therein. In Chapter One I have contextualized the study by looking at the historical background (the pre-1994) of South African art. I have specifically looked at how the socio-political conditions of that time influenced the work produced by black South African artists, hence the emergence of Township Art and Resistance Art. In Chapter Two I looked at the roles played by art institutions, galleries, and organizations in the stylistic developments made by black South African artists between the 1950s and 2000. The discussion of the influential role played by such informal institutions as Polly Street Art Centre, Jubilee Art Centre, the Johannesburg Art Foundation and many others on black artists forms a greater part of this chapter. Also included in this chapter is the discussion which examines the hypothesis that many black artists who do not have a formal academic background constitute a greater part of the informal art market. Tommy Motswai, Joseph Manana and Sibusiso Duma are examples of such artists and their work is discussed in depth. David Koloane, De Jager, Anitra Nettleton and other writers who have made literary contributions to South African art history, have been extensively cited and critically engaged in this chapter. iv In Chapter Three I discussed contemporary perceptions of the formal art sector, particularly in the post apartheid period. In this regard I looked at what defines mainstream or high art and how it differs from the marginal forms of art which are discussed in the preceding chapter. In this discussion I looked at the work of Sam Nhlengethwa, Colbert Mashile and my own work. In my discussion of their work I mapped out the characteristics of contemporary mainstream art, focussing primarily on 2-dimensional art.