Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

A diadococinesia (DDC) é um teste que verifica a habilidade em realizar rápidas repetições de segmentos de fala. A caracterização da DDC oral e laríngea em diferentes faixas etárias e em ambos os gêneros é necessária para a compreensão dos distúrbios da comunicação, assim como para o seu diagnóstico e processo terapêutico. A partir disso, objetivou-se estabelecer valores de referência em relação aos resultados da avaliação da DDC oral e laríngea de falantes do português brasileiro a partir de cinqüenta anos de idade, bem como analisar a diferença entre os gêneros e as faixas etárias. Participaram 120 indivíduos, sendo 20 homens e 20 mulheres em cada faixa etária: 50 a 59 anos, 60 a 69 anos e 70 a 79 anos. A DDC oral foi avaliada por meio da repetição de pa, ta, ca e pataca e a DDC laríngea, pela repetição de a e i, com o auxílio dos programas computadorizados Motor Speech Profile da Kay Elemetrics e Sound Forge 7.0. Os parâmetros da DDC foram apresentados como média, mediana, valores mínimo e máximo, e a comparação entre os gêneros e as idades foi realizada por meio da Análise de Variância a dois critérios e o teste de Tuckey. Os homens da faixa etária de 50, 60 e 70 anos produziram, respectivamente: pa=6,08; 5,78; 5,52; ta=6,28; 5,79; 5,69; ca=6,19; 5,44; 5,41; pataca=2,16; 1,96; 1,79; a=4,02; 3,61; 3,07; e i=3,92; 3,46; 3,05 emissões por segundo. Para as mulheres, os valores foram pa=5,71; 5,31; 5,18; ta=5,89; 5,35; 5,29; ca=5,48; 5,14; 4,99; pataca=1,96; 1,94; 1,80; a=3,39; 3,26; 2,99; e i=3,38; 3,17; 2,74. Os indivíduos mais novos realizaram maior número de sílabas, vogais e seqüência trissilábica e produziram emissões de sílabas e vogais mais curtas quando comparados aos mais velhos; enquanto que os homens foram mais rápidos do que as mulheres para todas as emissões, exceto para pataca. Com o avanço da idade, os participantes apresentaram valores mais elevados de coeficiente de variação da intensidade para a sílaba ta, de desvio padrão do período para os homens e de coeficiente de variação do período para as mulheres durante a emissão da vogal i. Com relação ao gênero, as mulheres apresentaram valores mais elevados de desvio padrão do período e de coeficiente de variação do período para as sílabas ta e ca; de perturbações do período para as sílabas pa, ta e ca; de coeficiente de variação do pico da intensidade para ca; de desvio padrão do período para as mulheres da faixa de 60 em relação aos homens de 50; de coeficiente de variação do período para as mulheres da faixa de 60 anos em relação aos homens de 50 e para as mulheres de 50 anos em relação aos homens de 60 anos; de perturbações do período para as mulheres de 60 anos em relação aos homens de 50 e 60, durante a emissão do ta; de perturbações do período para mulheres de 70 em relação aos homens de mesma idade, durante a emissão do i. Conclui-se que foi possível estabelecer os valores de referência da DDC oral e laríngea para os grupos estudados e que houve diferenças quanto à idade e ao gênero, o que deve ser considerado na avaliação da comunicação oral de adultos e idosos. / The Diadochokinesis (DDK) is a test which verifies the ability in producing fast repetitions of speech segments. The characterization of the oral and laryngeal DDK in different age groups and in both genders is necessary for the understanding of the communication disturbs, as well as its diagnosis and the therapeutic process. From that on, it aimed on establishing reference values in relation to the results of the evaluation of the oral and laryngeal DDK of Brazilian Portuguese speakers in their fifties or so, as well as to analyze the difference between the genders and the age groups. There were 120 people participating, being 20 men and 20 women in each of the following age groups: 50 to 59 years old, 60 to 69 years old, and 70 to 79 years old. The oral DDK was evaluated through the repetition of pa, ta, ca, and pataca, and the laryngeal DDK, through the repetition of a and i, with the help of the computerized programs: Motor Speech Profile from Kay Elemetrics and Sound Forge 7.0. The parameters of the DDK were presented as average, medium, minimum and maximum values, and the comparison between the genders and the group ages was made through the Deviation Analyses to two criteria and the Tuckey test. The men in their 50s, 60s and 70s, produced respectively: pa=6,08; 5,78; 5,52; ta=6,28; 5,79; 5,69; ca=6,19; 5,44; 5,41; pataca=2,16; 1,96; 1,79; a=4,02; 3,61; 3,07; and i=3,92; 3,46; 3,05 emissions per second. For the women the values were pa=5,71; 5,31; 5,18; ta=5,89; 5,35; 5,29; ca=5,48; 5,14; 4,99; pataca=1,96; 1,94; 1,80; a=3,39; 3,26; 2,99; and i=3,38; 3,17; 2,74. The younger individuals have made a bigger number of syllables, vowels and tri-syllable sequence and produced emissions of syllable and vowels shorter when compared to the older age groups; while the men were faster than the women for all emissions, except for pataca. With the aging, the participants showed more elevated coefficient of variation of the peak intensity for the syllable ta, of a standard deviation of the period for the men and of variation coefficient of the period for the women during the emission of the vowel i. In relation to the gender, the women showed more elevated values of standard deviation of the period and coefficient variation of the period for the syllables ta and ca ; of perturbation of the period for the pa, ta, and ca; of coefficient of variation of the period of the intensity for ca, of standard deviation of the period for the women in their 60s in relation to the men in their 50s; of coefficient of variation of the period for the women in their 60s in relation to the men in their 50s, and for the women in their 50s in relation to the men in their 60s; of perturbation of the period for the women in their 60s in relation to men in their 50s and 60s, during the emission of ta, of perturbation of the period for the women in their 70s in relation to the men in the same age group, during the emission of the i. The conclusion is that it is possible to establish the reference values of the oral and laryngeal DDK for the studied groups and that there were differences regarding the age groups and the gender. This means that the tests of the oral and laryngeal DDK must be considered in the oral communication evaluation of adults and elderly people.

Essa pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de avaliar os componentes da matriz extracelular da cartilagem, ligamentos, tendão e sinóvia em modelo experimental de diabetes. Metodologia: Ratos Wistar jovens foram divididos em grupo diabético (DG n = 15) induzido por estreptozotocina (STZ, 35 mg / kg) e grupo controle (CG, n = 15). Foram avaliados o peso, a glicemia e o anticorpo anticarboximetil-lisina plasmática, durante o experimento e após 70 dias da indução. As articulações do joelho, os ligamentos colateral lateral, colateral medial e tendão calcâneo foram isoladas, corados com hematoxilina-eosina e Picrosírius. O teor de colágeno total foi determinado por morfometria. Avaliamos ainda a metaloproteinase 9 e os inibidores de metaloproteinases (TIMP) 1 e 2 da cartilagem articular. Na sinóvia analisamos a expressão de endotelina-1. Os colágenos dos tipos I, III, V nos ligamentos e tecido sinovial e II e XI na cartilagem foram avaliados pela técnica de imunofluorescência. Resultados: Os níveis elevados de glicemia e anticorpo anticarboximetil-lisina plasmática foram observados no GD quando comparado com o CG. O peso final foi menor nos ratos GD do que nos ratos do CG. Avaliação histomorfométrica mostrou uma grande quantidade de fibras colágenas finas fibrilas, mais grossa nos ligamentos e cartilagens da GD ratos, bem como o aumento de colágeno e diminuição da espessura das fibras colágenas finas do tecido sinovial. Houve uma diminuição no proteoglicanos na DG ratos, quando comparados com os ratos do GC. Imunofluorescência demonstrou um aumento de colágeno III e V em ligamentos, colágeno XI em cartilagem, e colágeno I no tecido sinovial de ratos DG comparados com ratos do GC. Conclusão: O diabetes está fortemente relacionado com a remodelação do colágeno e ocorre de formas diferentes nos componentes articulares. Estes resultados podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de novas terapias correlacionadas com as complicações articulares em pacientes diabéticos / The aim of this study was to evaluate the extracellular matrix components in cartilage, ligaments and synovia in experimental model of diabetes. In this way Young Wistar rats were divided into diabetic group (DG; n = 15) induced by streptozotocin (STZ; 35 mg/kg) and control group (CG; n=15). Weight, blood glucose and plasmatic anti-carboxymethyllysine were measured 70 days after STZ. Knee joints, patellar, collateral lateral, and collateral medial ligaments were isolated, stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Picrosírius. The total collagen content was determined by morphometry. The types I, III, and V collagens in ligaments and synovial tissue and II and XI in cartilage were evaluated by immunofluorescence. Higher blood glucose levels and plasmatic anti-carboxymethyllysine were observed in DG rats when compared with CG rats. The final weight was lower in DG rats than in CG rats. Histomorphometric evaluation depicted a large quantity of thin collagen fibers over thick fibrils in ligaments and cartilage in DG rats as well as increased thick collagen and decreased thin collagen fibers in synovial tissue. There was a decrease in proteoglycans in DG rats when compared with CG rats. Immunofluorescence demonstrated increases of collagen III and V in ligaments, collagen XI in cartilage and collagen I in synovial tissue of DG rats compared with CG rats. In conclusion diabetes is strongly related with collagen remodeling and occurs differently in joint components. These results may contribute to the development of new therapies correlated with joint complications in diabetic patients

Objetivo: descrever e comparar, por meio das análises perceptivo-auditiva e videofluoroscópica, as emissões das sílabas /pa/ e /sa/ e suas respectivas posições de língua em indivíduos fissurados de palato e não fissurados. Material e Método: foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo em 100 indivíduos com fissura labiopalatina operada com disfunção velofaríngea, sendo 52 do sexo masculino e 48 do sexo feminino (X=15,6 anos DP=±10 anos), e 21 não fissurados, sendo 18 do sexo feminino e 3 do sexo masculino (X=20 anos DP=±6,3 anos). Foram analisadas as emissões dos fonemas /p/ e /s/ isolados, em sílabas, em vocábulos e em frases, por meio da avaliação perceptivo-auditiva. Foi utilizada a videofluoroscopia na visão lateral durante o repouso e a emissão de /papapa/ e /sasasa/. A partir de uma linha vertical imaginária (Z), que separava o espaço entre a língua e a parede posterior da faringe, foram estabelecidas cinco diferentes posições de língua. A presença de fístula no palato e a relação entre os arcos dentários também foram analisadas. Resultados e Conclusões: os fissurados apresentaram maior deslocamento posterior da língua do que os não fissurados durante a emissão da sílaba /pa/ (P<0,0001). Na sílaba /sa/, somente os fissurados apresentaram deslocamento da língua. As emissões de golpe de glote e emissão de ar nasal/fraca pressão/mímica facial nas sílaba /pa/ e /sa/ apresentaram deslocamento posterior da língua. A comparação entre a avaliação perceptivo-auditiva e a posição da língua na videofluoroscopia, mostrou que profissionais experientes podem apresentar dificuldade em identificar determinados tipos de distúrbios articulatórios compensatórios. As presenças de fístula no palato e de alteração na oclusão dentária nos fissurados, não provocaram deslocamento posterior da língua nas sílabas /pa/ e /sa/. / Purpose: to describe and to compare, by means of perceptual speech analysis and videofluoroscopic assessment of tongue positions during the emissions of syllables /pa/ and /sa/ in subjects with and without cleft palate. Material and Method: A retrospective study of 100 subjects presenting with cleft lip and palate operated with velopharyngeal dysfunction was carried out, 52 males and 48 females (X=15,6 years SD=±10 years of age), and 21 noncleft individuals, being 18 females and 3 males (X=20 years SD=±6,3 years of age). Phonetic description of the emission of phonemes /p/ and /s/ isolated, in syllables, in words and phrases was utilized by means of perceptive-auditive evaluation, and videofluoroscopy in the lateral view during rest and emission of /papapa/ and /sasasa/. From a vertical imaginary line (Z), which separated the space between the tongue and the posterior pharyngeal wall, five different tongue positions were established. The presence of palatal fistula and the relation between the dental arches were analysed as well. Results and Conclusions: The cleft individuals presented greater posterior tongue displacement than their counterparts in the syllable /pa/ (P<0,0001). In the /sa/ syllable, only the cleft individuals presented tongue displacement. The glottal stop emissions and nasal air emission/weak pressure/facial grimacing in the /pa/ and /sa/ syllables presented posterior tongue displacement. The comparison between the perceptive-auditive evaluation and tongue position on the videofluoroscopy showed that experienced professionals may present difficulty in identifying certain types of compensatory articulation errors. The presence of palatal fistula and dental oclusion alterations in cleft individuals, did not cause posterior tongue displacement in the /pa/ and /sa/ syllables.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-12T12:42:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Eliane de Souza Silva Bueno.pdf: 8157808 bytes, checksum: b8696d370f3cb04c61d636353ca64d4c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T12:42:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Eliane de Souza Silva Bueno.pdf: 8157808 bytes, checksum: b8696d370f3cb04c61d636353ca64d4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-18 / The goal of this research was to contribute to the reformulation of the Pedagogical Project of the Technical Course in Agriculture of the Federal Institute of Tri?ngulo Mineiro ? Uberl?ndia Campus in the year of 2011. For that, we used the methodology of the participant research, with a qualitative approach that was able to face the challenge of involving all those responsible for this course, both teachers and education specialists during the development of this work. The intention is that the new Pedagogic Project can finally make the articulation between the professional education and the general education (High School) possible, and also provide the necessary update in the curriculum. The debates were based on the legislation for the Basic and Professional Education, and on scientific articles and texts that study the interdisciplinary and the transdisciplinarity. The research instruments included semi-structured questionnaires addressed to the students and teachers, folders of graduated student?s internship and documents posted on Google Docs. As a result of the process, even with the curriculum maintaining the disciplinary structure, we were able to motivate teachers to glimpse numerous possibilities of articulation through interdisciplinary and trandisciplinarity activities, through the completion of projects, already in the first half of 2012 / Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de contribuir para a reformula??o do Projeto Pedag?gico do Curso T?cnico em Agropecu?ria do Instituto Federal do Tri?ngulo Mineiro ? C?mpus Uberl?ndia no ano de 2011. Foi utilizada a metodologia da pesquisa participante, com uma abordagem qualitativa que possibilitou enfrentar o desafio de envolver todos os respons?veis por esse curso, tanto professores quanto especialistas da educa??o durante a consecu??o deste trabalho. O que se pretende ? que o novo Projeto Pedag?gico efetive, de fato, a articula??o entre o ensino profissional e a forma??o geral (Ensino M?dio), al?m de propiciar a necess?ria atualiza??o curricular. As discuss?es pautaram-se na legisla??o vigente para a Educa??o B?sica e Profissional e, em textos e artigos cient?ficos que contemplam a interdisciplinaridade e a trandisciplinaridade. Os instrumentos de pesquisa inclu?ram question?rios semiestruturados dirigidos aos estudantes e aos professores, pastas de est?gio de estudantes egressos e documentos postados no Google Docs. Como resultado do processo, mesmo a matriz curricular, mantendo a estrutura disciplinar, conseguimos motivar os docentes a vislumbrarem in?meras possibilidades de articula??o por meio de atividades interdisciplinares e transdisciplinares e com a realiza??o de projetos, j? no primeiro semestre de 2012

O objetivo desta tese é propor um aporte teórico-filosófico vale dizer, uma filosofia do design que possa, de um lado, dimensionar a dinâmica dos processos simbólicos mediados pelo design e, de outro, situar a experiência estética articulada por esses processos. Os instrumentos de orientação utilizados foram as obras de Nietzsche, Clément Rosset, Paul Ricoeur, Rogério de Almeida e Mario Perniola, entre outros autores, além de obras literárias e cinematográficas, convocadas a ilustrar a noção de hermenêutica trágica, inaugurada neste trabalho. Tais instrumentos foram operados metodologicamente por meio de revisão bibliográfica (modalidade básica de pesquisa), guiando-se pela hermenêutica simbólica (Ricoeur). A discussão delineada em três capítulos (Filosofia do design, Filosofia trágica e Hermenêutica trágica) visa apresentar, no quarto capítulo (Design como articulação simbólica), aspectos de uma articulação simbólica operada pelo design e da qual se vale o olhar contemporâneo para compreender o mundo e para nele atuar. / This thesis aims to propose a theoretical and philosophical supply that is, a philosophy of design which can, on the one hand, to scale the dynamics of symbolic processes mediated by design and, on the other, to place the aesthetic experience articulated by these processes. The orientation tools were the works of Nietzsche, Clément Rosset, Paul Ricoeur, Rogério de Almeida, Mario Perniola, among others, in addition to films and literary works, convened to illustrate the notion of \"tragic hermeneutic\", inaugurated in this thesis. These instruments were methodologically operated through literature review (basic mode of research) and guided by the symbolic hermeneutics (Ricoeur). The discussion delineated in three chapters (\"Philosophy of design,\" \"Tragic philosophy\" and \"Tragic hermeneutics\") aims to present, in the fourth chapter (\"Design as symbolic articulation\"), some aspects of a symbolic articulation operated by design and by which the contemporary view takes to understand the world and to act on it.

Essa pesquisa estabelece a relação entre políticas públicas e a política. Especificamente, investiga a influência que têm para a disseminação de conflitos entre agentes por posições nos espaços políticos, gerando condições para manifestação do fenômeno denominado antagonismo posicional. Concentra-se na agenda de políticas públicas redistributivas de Reforma do Estado e de reestruturação da base econômica do Rio Grande do Sul, encaminhadas no governo de Antônio Britto Filho do PMDB, cujos efeitos se estenderam ao governo de Olívio de Oliveira Dutra do PT. Nos programas que têm origem nestas políticas (de Demissão Voluntária, privatizações, concessões rodoviárias, FUNDOPEM-RS e os casos de GM e Ford), investiga as condições para a manifestação do fenômeno analisado através (i) dos resultados obtidos (ii) dos impactos na agenda pública e (iii) da influência destes sobre as articulações e sobre o comportamento eleitoral. Ao final, através da reflexão sobre fatos passados vinte (20) agentes políticos que tiveram agência sobre essas políticas públicas apontam suas motivações e razões para que o fenômeno tenha ocorrido. A explicação é a de as políticas públicas importaram mais para articular a manutenção ou reforços das posições nos espaços políticos do que pelos resultados socioeconômicos produzidos. / This research establishes the relationship between public policy and politics. Specifically, it investigates the influence they have on the conflict between agents for positions on political spaces, creating conditions for the phenomenon so-called positional antagonism. It focuses on the redistributive public policy agenda of both state reform and restructuring of the economic base of Rio Grande do Sul, directed by the governor Antonio Britto Filho from the PMDB party, whose effects extended to the governor Olívio Dutra de Oliveira from the PT party. In programs that originate in these policies (Voluntary Dismissal, privatization, highway concessions, FUNDOPEM-RS and the cases of GM and Ford), investigates the conditions for the manifestation of the phenomenon analyzed by (i) the results obtained (ii) the impact on the public agenda and (iii) the influence of these on the joints and on voting behavior. Finally, through the analysis of past events, twenty (20) political agents who had agency on those policies indicate their motivations and reasons for the phenomenon occurrence. The explanation is that public policies imported more to maintain or reinforce positions in the political space than by socioeconomic results.

Le droit du travail est caractérisé par des problématiques liées à l’articulation de ses sources, au centredesquelles se trouve le contrat individuel de travail. Si généralement l’articulation des normes fait appel ausystème hiérarchique, le particularisme des mécanismes propres au droit du travail conduit à écarter cettesolution. Ce dépassement du dispositif hiérarchique impose alors de s’interroger sur l’existence dephénomènes propres, répondant à la multitude des interactions possibles entre le contrat de travail et lesautres sources du droit. Traduction d’une dynamique autonome du système hiérarchique, les phénomènesd’influence des sources du droit sur le contrat de travail et de résistance du contrat de travail aux autressources proposent une nouvelle méthode d’articulation entre la norme contractuelle et les autres sources. Lepremier, le phénomène d’influence des sources du droit, permet tant la modulation du contenu du contrat detravail que l’encadrement de l’exécution contractuelle. Le second, le phénomène de résistance du contrat detravail, se traduit par des mécanismes liés tant à la dérogation qu’à la modification du contenu du contrat detravail.Compte tenu des impératifs de sécurité juridique et de flexibilité du travail, l’enjeu de cette étude relative àl’articulation entre le contrat de travail et les autres sources du droit est de comprendre d’une part, lesévolutions du contenu contractuel et d’autre part, de mesurer les implications de ces articulations en matièrede contentieux du travail. / Employment law is characterized by questions related to the relationships between its sources, at the core ofwhich the employment contract is placed. If the relationships between norms usually mean hierarchy, it is notthe same concerning employment law, due to its own mechanisms. Once the hierarchical system put aside,the question of phenomenons proper to employment law can be asked, related to the numerous potentialinteractions between the employment contract and the other sources of law. As autonomous dynamics,separate from the hierarchical system, the phenomenons of the influence on the sources of law, and of theopposition of the employment contract to the other sources, represent a new relationship between thecontract and the other sources. The first one, the influence on the sources of law, allows the modulation ofthe contents of the contract, as well as the regulation of the execution of the contract. The second one, theopposition of the employment contract, deals with the derogation and the modification of the contract.Considering the requirements of legal security and work flexibility, what is at stake in this study on therelationships between the employment contract and the other sources of law, is on one hand, to understandthe evolutions of the contents of the employment contract, and on the other hand, to measure theconsequences of those relationships concerning employment disputes.

The current study examined the association between formant trajectories and tongue and lip movements in the American English diphthongs /aɪ/, /aʊ/, and /ɔɪ/. Seventeen native speakers of American English had electromagnetic sensors placed on their tongues and lips to record movement data along with corresponding acoustic data during productions of the diphthongs in isolation. F1 and F2 trajectories were extracted from the middle 50% of the diphthongs and compared with time-aligned kinematic data from tongue and lip movements. The movement and formant tracks were converted to z-scores and plotted together on a common time scale. Absolute difference scores between kinematic variables and acoustic variables were summed along each track to reflect the association between the movement and acoustic records. Results show that tongue movement has the closest association with changes in F1 and F2 for the diphthong /aɪ/. Lip movement has the closest association with changes in F1 and F2 for the diphthong /aʊ/. Results for the diphthong /ɔɪ/ suggest tongue advancement has the closest association with changes in F2, while neither lip movement nor tongue movement have a clearly defined association with changes in F1. These results suggest that for diphthongs with the lip rounding feature, lip movement may have a greater influence on F1 and F2 than previously considered. Researchers who use formant data to make inferences about tongue movement and vowel space may benefit from considering the possible influence of lip movements on vocal tract resonance.

abstract: Speech intelligibility measures how much a speaker can be understood by a listener. Traditional measures of intelligibility, such as word accuracy, are not sufficient to reveal the reasons of intelligibility degradation. This dissertation investigates the underlying sources of intelligibility degradations from both perspectives of the speaker and the listener. Segmental phoneme errors and suprasegmental lexical boundary errors are developed to reveal the perceptual strategies of the listener. A comprehensive set of automated acoustic measures are developed to quantify variations in the acoustic signal from three perceptual aspects, including articulation, prosody, and vocal quality. The developed measures have been validated on a dysarthric speech dataset with various severity degrees. Multiple regression analysis is employed to show the developed measures could predict perceptual ratings reliably. The relationship between the acoustic measures and the listening errors is investigated to show the interaction between speech production and perception. The hypothesize is that the segmental phoneme errors are mainly caused by the imprecise articulation, while the sprasegmental lexical boundary errors are due to the unreliable phonemic information as well as the abnormal rhythm and prosody patterns. To test the hypothesis, within-speaker variations are simulated in different speaking modes. Significant changes have been detected in both the acoustic signals and the listening errors. Results of the regression analysis support the hypothesis by showing that changes in the articulation-related acoustic features are important in predicting changes in listening phoneme errors, while changes in both of the articulation- and prosody-related features are important in predicting changes in lexical boundary errors. Moreover, significant correlation has been achieved in the cross-validation experiment, which indicates that it is possible to predict intelligibility variations from acoustic signal. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Speech and Hearing Science 2019