Purpose of this study was to validate a novel CyberKnife stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) treatment planning on an MRI-based 3D prostate model insert in an anthropomorphic pelvis phantom using Gafchromic EBT3 films to perform dosimetric measurements. The methodology of this study is based on a pelvis phantom and a physical printed 3D model of the prostate with dominant intra-prostatic-lesion and surrounding organs at risk segmented from a patient MR images. Cyberknife prostate treatment planning was performed to have at least 95% the planning target volumes (PTV: prostate expanded with margins of 5 mm in all directions except 3 mm posteriorly) covered by 3625 cGy (725x5) and a simultaneous dose escalation to 4750 cGy on the dominant intra-prostatic-lesion. Plan dosimetry verification was performed using Gafchromic EBT3 films on a Stereotactic Dose Verification Phantom. First, film calibration was done on Gafchromic EBT3 films exposed to various doses of 0-2500 cGy based on a LINAC (Trilogy) and CyberKnife monthly quality assurance (QA) for machine output calibration. Second, absolute dose measurements were taken by using films within the dose range 0-2250 cGy. Third, Gafchromic EBT3 films were placed in coronal and sagittal planes on the standard “blue phantom” or Stereotactic Dose Verification Phantom (SDVP) on which one fraction of the treatment plan is delivered for verification measurements. Then, on the prostate-pelvis phantom, a dosimetry inserts were used with films through the DIL region. After the calibration, the accuracy of absolute dose measurements with EBT3 was verified to be ≤ 1% in the dose range of interest (500-1500 cGy). On the SDVP phantom, comparison of films vs. plan for the coronal plane yielded ≥ 99.7% passing rates while for sagittal plane yielded ≥ 95.3% passing rates under the gamma criteria of ≤ 2% in dose and ≤ 2mm in distance to agreement (DTA). This study demonstrated that it is feasible to plan and deliver a SBRT treatment to prostate with a simultaneous dose escalation to the dominant intra-prostatic lesion.

Orientador: Glaucia Aparecida Prates / Coorientador: Antonio Francisco Savi / Banca: Fernando de Lima Caneppele / banca: Adriano dos Reis Lucente / Resumo: A gestão de riscos tem se apresentado como uma opção muito próspera para empresas de diversos setores, pois desenvolve chances maiores de análise e controle de perdas para a direção da organização empresarial, além de promover maior competitividade junto a suas concorrentes no tocante a melhores práticas de gestão. Devido a uma carência de estudos sobre os riscos nestas operações, observou-se a necessidade de propor uma estrutura conceitual para analisar e avaliar os riscos intrínsecos nas operações Corte, Transbordo e Transporte de Cana de Açúcar (CTT) em uma empresa paulista do setor sucroenergético. Esta pesquisa é de caráter qualitativo e composta por três etapas. A primeira etapa envolveu uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os temas de gestão de riscos, normas internacionais, ferramentas de análise de riscos e setor sucroenergético. Na segunda etapa, foram realizadas técnicas como análise de documentos, observação participante e entrevistas semiestruturadas com oito especialistas, com o intuito de entender mais profundamente os riscos incorridos no Sistema CTT. Na terceira etapa da pesquisa, apresentou-se uma estrutura conceitual para análise e avaliação de riscos no Sistema CTT utilizando como base, as ferramentas extraídas das normas internacionais de gestão de riscos que mais se harmonizaram com a estrutura sugerida de análise e avaliação de riscos, sendo elas Análise de Árvore de Falhas (FTA), Análise da Gravata Borboleta (Bow-Tie) e Matriz de Risco (Probabilidade e Cons... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Risk management has proven to be a very successful option for companies in many sectors, as it develops greater chances of analysis and loss control for the direction of the business organization, as well as promoting greater competitiveness among its competitors regarding best practices in management. Due to a lack of risk studies in these operations, it was observed the need to propose a conceptual framework to analyze and evaluate the intrinsic risks in the operations Cut, Transhipment and Transport of Sugar Cane (CTT) in a São Paulo company of the sugar-energy sector . This research is qualitative and consists of three stages. The first step involved a literature review on the topics of risk management, international standards, risk analysis tools and the sugar and ethanol sector. In the second stage, techniques such as document analysis, participant observation and semi-structured interviews with eight specialists were carried out, in order to understand more deeply the risks incurred in the CTT System. In the third stage of the research, a conceptual framework for risk analysis and evaluation was presented in the CTT System using as a basis the tools extracted from international risk management standards that were most in harmony with the suggested structure of risk analysis and evaluation, such as Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), Bow-Tie Analysis, and Risk Matrix (Probability and Consequence). As a result, it can be concluded that this conceptual framework for risk analysis ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

abstract: In this dissertation, two interrelated problems of service-based systems (SBS) are addressed: protecting users' data confidentiality from service providers, and managing performance of multiple workflows in SBS. Current SBSs pose serious limitations to protecting users' data confidentiality. Since users' sensitive data is sent in unencrypted forms to remote machines owned and operated by third-party service providers, there are risks of unauthorized use of the users' sensitive data by service providers. Although there are many techniques for protecting users' data from outside attackers, currently there is no effective way to protect users' sensitive data from service providers. In this dissertation, an approach is presented to protecting the confidentiality of users' data from service providers, and ensuring that service providers cannot collect users' confidential data while the data is processed or stored in cloud computing systems. The approach has four major features: (1) separation of software service providers and infrastructure service providers, (2) hiding the information of the owners of data, (3) data obfuscation, and (4) software module decomposition and distributed execution. Since the approach to protecting users' data confidentiality includes software module decomposition and distributed execution, it is very important to effectively allocate the resource of servers in SBS to each of the software module to manage the overall performance of workflows in SBS. An approach is presented to resource allocation for SBS to adaptively allocating the system resources of servers to their software modules in runtime in order to satisfy the performance requirements of multiple workflows in SBS. Experimental results show that the dynamic resource allocation approach can substantially increase the throughput of a SBS and the optimal resource allocation can be found in polynomial time / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Computer Science 2012

The diploma thesis deals with the use of IT audit as support for financial audit. The work is divided into two larger parts, theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part, the author describes the audit as such, audit methodology, standards of good practice and information system. The practical part is based on the practical execution of the audit, which begins with the audit plan and ends with the evaluation of testing and possible recommendations for change.

Ce travail cherche à systématiser les garanties dans le cadre du droit des obligations. D’abord, on conceptualise généralement la garantie à partir des présupposés de l’intérêt et du risque. La garantie est définie comme un rapport juridique de responsabilité, ayant pour objet le dédommagment d’une perte éventuelle. Ensuite, on classe les garanties en deux grands genres : les garanties dérivées d’un rapport juridique de base et les garanties indépendantes. Puis on analyse la structure du rapport juridique des sujets, l’objet et le mode de production de l’efficacité. Enfin, on étudie les garanties selon leur espèce : garanties relatives au devoir de prestation (accessoires, autonomes et spéciales), garanties relatives au contenu de la prestation (garantie de l’éviction et des vices cachés de l’objet de laprestation) et garanties indépendantes dont le modèle est celui du contrat d’assurance. En conclusion, on affirme l’existence d’un concept unitaire de garantie, subordonné à l’idée de protection d’un intérêt exposé à des risques. / Este trabalho procura realizar uma sistematização das garantias no direito das obrigações. Inicialmente, conceitua garantia genericamente, a partir dos pressupostos do interesse e de risco. Define garantia como uma relação jurídica de responsabilidade, tendo por objeto indenizar um prejuízo eventual. Em seguida, faz uma classificação das garantias em dois grandes gêneros: garantias derivadas de uma relação jurídica de base e garantias independentes. Prossegue, analisando a estrutura da relação jurídica de garantia, especialmente a situação jurídica dos sujeitos, o objeto e o modo de produção da eficácia. Finalmente, estuda as garantias em espécie: garantias relativas ao dever de prestação (acessórias, autônomas e especiais), garantias relativas ao conteúdo da prestação (garantias contra evicção e contra vícios do objeto da prestação) e garantias independentes, cujo modelo é o contrato de seguro. Em conclusão, afirma-se a existência de um conceito unitário de garantia, subordinado à idéia de proteção de um interesse exposto a risco.

Ce travail cherche à systématiser les garanties dans le cadre du droit des obligations. D’abord, on conceptualise généralement la garantie à partir des présupposés de l’intérêt et du risque. La garantie est définie comme un rapport juridique de responsabilité, ayant pour objet le dédommagment d’une perte éventuelle. Ensuite, on classe les garanties en deux grands genres : les garanties dérivées d’un rapport juridique de base et les garanties indépendantes. Puis on analyse la structure du rapport juridique des sujets, l’objet et le mode de production de l’efficacité. Enfin, on étudie les garanties selon leur espèce : garanties relatives au devoir de prestation (accessoires, autonomes et spéciales), garanties relatives au contenu de la prestation (garantie de l’éviction et des vices cachés de l’objet de laprestation) et garanties indépendantes dont le modèle est celui du contrat d’assurance. En conclusion, on affirme l’existence d’un concept unitaire de garantie, subordonné à l’idée de protection d’un intérêt exposé à des risques. / Este trabalho procura realizar uma sistematização das garantias no direito das obrigações. Inicialmente, conceitua garantia genericamente, a partir dos pressupostos do interesse e de risco. Define garantia como uma relação jurídica de responsabilidade, tendo por objeto indenizar um prejuízo eventual. Em seguida, faz uma classificação das garantias em dois grandes gêneros: garantias derivadas de uma relação jurídica de base e garantias independentes. Prossegue, analisando a estrutura da relação jurídica de garantia, especialmente a situação jurídica dos sujeitos, o objeto e o modo de produção da eficácia. Finalmente, estuda as garantias em espécie: garantias relativas ao dever de prestação (acessórias, autônomas e especiais), garantias relativas ao conteúdo da prestação (garantias contra evicção e contra vícios do objeto da prestação) e garantias independentes, cujo modelo é o contrato de seguro. Em conclusão, afirma-se a existência de um conceito unitário de garantia, subordinado à idéia de proteção de um interesse exposto a risco.

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