Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1963. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 61-66).

There were several purposes of this study. The first objective was to examine the correlation between exercise dependence and personality factors in triathletes and regular exercisers. The second purpose of the study was to identify the relationship between exercise dependence and athletic identity in triathletes. The final purpose of the study was to identify a difference in exercise dependence between triathletes and regular exercisers. The study included 122 triathletes and 129 regular athletes that exercised at least 30 minutes per bout at least five times a week and have been doing so for at least the prior three months. All of the participants completed a demographic questionnaire, the Exercise Dependence Scale (EDS) and NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). The triathletes additionally completed the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS). Past research has attempted to identify personality traits that correlate with exercise dependence. However, an apparent universal personality trait has not been established for any group of athletes with exercise dependence. The current study was able to identify a significant correlation (p < .05) between the personality trait, Neuroticism, and exercise dependence in both triathletes and regular exercisers. Additionally, a significant relationship (p < .05) between exercise dependence and athletic identity was identified in the triathletes. Findings also indicated a significant difference between triathletes and regular exercisers for exercise dependence. Triathletes displayed significantly more exercise dependent symptomology than regular exercisers. / School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science

No description available.

Burnout is a growing concern in many areas of life. This manuscript first outlines the history occupational burnout. Research as it pertains to burnout in sport is then discussed, with an emphasis on broad conceptual models of burnout. The rationale for the current study is then given. First, previous research as shown that the longer one has been on the job the greater the likelihood of burnout (Pines & Maslach, 1978; Mor & Lalibaerte, 1984; Turnipseed, 1994). Therefore, Hypothesis I was that seniors were more likely to experience burnout than freshmen. Second, Smith (1986) and Coakley (1992) have maintained that athletes participating in coacting sports are more likely to experience burnout than those in interacting sports. Hypothesis 2 tested this assertion. Third, the role of emotional affect and burnout was examined. Hypothesis 3 stated that athletes with high positive affect are more likely to have lower burnout scores, while those with high negative affect are more likely to have higher burnout scores. The present study examined burnout in college athletes (N=216). The Eades Athlete Burnout Inventory was used to measure burnout. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule was used to measure affect. Contrary to predictions, seniors reported lower burnout scores than any other year in school F (18, 580) = 1.67, p= .04. Also, there was no difference in burnout rates between coacting and interacting sports F (1, 213) = 1.96, p = .16. Finally, high positive affect scores were associated with low burnout scores E (1, 104) = 57.27, p <.001. Conversely, high negative affect scores were associated with high burnout scores F (1, 110) = 72.83, p < .001. The implications of these findings are also discussed. / Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services

This study was designed to investigate the potential differences In the level of developmental maturity among three groups of college students (athletes, former athletes, and nonathletes). An additional Inquiry was conducted to examine variations by sex within groups of athletes.The Student Developmental Task Inventory-2 (SDTI-2) was selected as the dependent measure for developmental maturity, and three research hypotheses were tested:1) Athletes will demonstrate the lowest levels of developmental maturity, with the former athletes at an Intermediate level, and the nonathletes having thehighest levels.2) Male athletes in revenue-producing sports (football and basketball) will score lower on measured levels of developmental maturity than males Innonrevenue-producing sports.3) Female athletes will be more advanced In developmental maturity than male athletes.The SDTI-2 was administered to 281 college students. A research survey obtaining objective data and subjective accounts regarding sport participation was administered as a means of categorizing the students Into the groups for comparison.Combined adjusted mean scores on Tasks One, Two, and Three of the SDTI-2 were used to examine hypothesis 1. The overall adjusted group means did not support hypothesis 1.Data from the SDTI-2 were analyzed by a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) which supported hypothesis 2 (f = 2.77, p<.04). Athletes in nonrevenue-producing sports were more advanced on Task One (Developing Autonomy) than athletes in revenue-producing sports.Data from the SDTI-2 were also analyzed by a MANOVA to test hypothesis 3. Results of the analysis demonstrated a statistically significant difference between male and female athletes (f = 7.41, p<.01). Female athletes were more advanced on Task Three (Developing Mature Interpersonal Relationships). Male and female athletes were further differentiated In terms of two subtasks. Females were more advanced In "Mature Relationships With Peers," and males were more advanced In "Appropriate Educational Plans.'These data denote that differences exist among the collegiate athletic population. The major implication being that the collegiate athletic population is variegated, demonstrating differing assets and needs regarding developmental task achievement. / Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services

M.Com. (Sports Management) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

M.A. / The aim of the study was to explore motivational profiles and competitive anxiety in secondary school athletes who spend at least eight hours or more on sport during a week. The study included 267 adolescent athletes in secondary school ranging from grade 8 to grade 12, with a mean age of 15.52 (SD = 1.49). These athletes were asked to volunteer for the study in various schools in Johannesburg and Pretoria, South Africa. The sample comprised 189 boys and 78 girls who participated in a variety of sports. They were asked to complete a biographical questionnaire, The Task and Ego Sport Questionnaire (Nicholls, 1989) and the Sport Competitive Anxiety Test (Martens, 1982). The results indicated that the participants had a high task orientation as opposed to a moderate ego orientation in sport. Most of the participants had a moderate level of competitive sport anxiety. Two distinct motivational profiles emerged from the results: High Task/High Ego and High Task/Low Ego. No significant differences were found between gender and age groups with regards to motivational profiles and anxiety levels. A correlation was found between task orientation and ego orientation, but not between motivational profiles and anxiety.

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The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between task and ego goal orientation and ZOF. The subjects consisted of interscholastic athletes of the men's varsity and junior varsity baseball, men's track and field, and women's track and field teams from a local Midwestern high school. By providing a more concise zone of optimal function (ZOF) by breaking down the zone into three components: psychological, physiological, and competitive (evaluated by the Sport Participation Questionnaire) the athletes may be able to manipulate their ZOF by using the characteristics of their task and ego orientation (evaluated by the TEOSQ). The data was analyzed by doing a series of factor analyses and multiple regressions. After finding four significant factors (two separate psychological, one physiological, one competitive) a multiple regression was employed to determine the relationship between the factors and task and ego orientaXon.Nearly significant was the regression with ego-oriented athletes and the thinking construct which consisted of items 16-18 of the Sport Participation Questionnaire. Also, significant were relationships of the task or ego score and the demographic findings. / School of Physical Education

The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of an imagery session on intercollegiate female swimmers' precompetitive state anxiety levels and on perceptions of anxiety. A switched replication design was utilized in which twenty-two female intercollegiate swimmers were administered the the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory2, CSAI-2 (Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump, & Smith, 1990) and the Competitive Anxiety Perception Scale, CAPS, (Murray, 1989) weekly over the course of five weeks. Subjects were then randomly exposed to an imagery session during this period. Although descriptive data showed decreases in subjects' levels of A-state, a 2x2 ANOVA revealed no significant differences between subjects' PRE and POST scores. The observed decreases in A-state, although nonsignificant at the .05 level, warrants future research with a larger sample size. Additionally, the nonsignificant change in CAPS suggested that one's perceptions of anxiety may be learned at an early age and, therefore, not easily modified. It is suggested that future researchers attempt to identify those factors which mediate perceptions of anxiety. / School of Physical Education