Detta examensarbete undersöker den senaste forskningen kring barn som lever i våldsutsatt i hemmet och hur våldet påverkar deras hälsa och utveckling, samt forskning kring de insatser som utförs i det sociala arbetet med våldsutsatta barn och deras familjer. Examensarbetet har utgångspunkt i anknytningsteori. Litteraturen som behandlas är kamratgranskad och publicerad från 2015-2020 och metoden för beskrivning och kartläggning av litteraturen är scoping.Att vara utsatt för våld i hemmet kan ha mycket svåra konsekvenser för barns psykiska hälsa och kan även påverka barnets känslomässiga, sociala och kognitiva utveckling. Påföljderna kan följa barnet in i vuxenåldern med omfattande konsekvenser för individens relationer och föräldraskap. Stor del av forskningen lägger vikt vid tidiga insatser för våldsutsatta barn. Dock kan interventioner eller behandlingar senare i livet även vara av stor hjälp för dessa barn och deras familjer. / This study aims to map and summarize the latest research findings in regards to children who live in violent homes and how it affects their health and development, as well as the different types of interventions and therapy that is available for these children and their families within the field of social work. This study’s theoretical point of view, as well as the research citet, is attachment theory. The method used is scoping of the selected litteratur, with the criteria being peer reviewed research and date of publication from 2015-2020.Being a victim of domestic violence and/or child abuse can have detrimental consequences for a child’s mental and emotional health and can have an impact on the child’s emotional, social and cognitive development, with the negative consequences sometimes following the child into adulthood, affecting both romantic relationship and the individuals parentingskills and capabilities. Most of the research citet finds that early intervention is crucial, even though interventions and therapy later in life can also be of great help for these children and their families.

My essay is about the importance of attachment during the introduction to the preschool. In my story I take a closer look at three children’s different reactions during and after the introduction. To start preschool is a big step in life where the child is exposed to a new environment and needs to adapt to new, unknown adults. Therefor it is in my interest to explore how this new environment affects the child during its first time in preschool. Each introduction and experience thereof are individual, but why is that? The purpose of my bachelor thesis is to find out the significance of the attachment as a basis for a good base for the children when they start preschool. In my essay I reflect on the attachment theory and what it means. I will focus on how parents affect the child and how we can cooperate with the parents to make the induction as good as possible for the child. I will also examine how the preschool organization and environment affects the pedagogue’s possibilities to create a safe environment for the children and their parents. In my exploration I have gathered information from other sources and literature, for instance John Bowlby, the author of A secure base. John Bowlby is considered the founder of attachment theory and has done research on the topic and written several books. The method I have used is process writing, which means I reflect on my story as a way to develop and improve continuously as I write my essay. I have read Essäskrivande som utforskning by Lotte Alsterdal where she explains reflection as a method to explore your experiences on a deeper level and this way learn more about a specific situation. The meetings with my tutor and students in my class are also a great access and support on the journey that is my master thesis. Together we reflect on our process writing and I get to hear the interpretation of others in regard to my work, helping me develop the way I think and write and reflect on the matter. During my work I have concluded that attachment is of significant importance. The new environment in preschool and the way it affects the pedagogue’s way of treating the child will create the foundation for the child’s continued time in preschool.

This study intends to examine the psychotherapist`s experience of videotherapy and therapeutic relation and alliance in videotherapy. Earlier studies show that videotherapy is a positive contribution to healthcare systems and increases accessibility for patients, but there are technical issues and limitations in non-verbal communication. The therapeutic alliance between patient and therapist is not negatively affected. The experience of the patient tends to be more positive than the experience of the therapist. This study´s approach is qualitative and inductive. Data are obtained from interviews with five licensed psychotherapists. The study shows that videotherapy is a good flexible alternative, but therapist attitude towards it, varies. A good therapeutic relation and alliance is possible and depends on both patient and therapist factors, though the quality is deepened in face-to-face sessions. The psychotherapists describe that some therapeutic interventions need to be modified and amplified, due to the unique settings.

Statens institutionsstyrelse (SiS) tar emot omkring 1 000 ungdomar till sina 23 särskilda ungdomshem varje år. Ungdomarna som kommer till SiS har fått beslut om tvångsvård enligt LVU eller LSU, eller i vissa fall enlig frivilliga insatser i SOL. Behandlingen på SiS är främst inriktad mot ungdomarnas eget beteende och det läggs inget större fokus vid ungdomarnas föräldrarelationer. Ändå är detta någonting som verkar vara av stor vikt för många av ungdomarna. Detta framkommer av de böcker som av SiS skolverksamhet årligen ges ut. Böckerna består av texter skrivna av frivilligt medverkande ungdomar på SiS ungdomshem. Många av texterna involverar deras föräldrarelationer. Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka hur tvångsvårdade ungdomar skildrar och förstår sina föräldrarelationers inverkan i deras liv. En analys sker utifrån Bowlby och Ainsworth anknytningsteori och risk- och skyddsfaktorer. Tre teman som sticker ut är följande: föräldrar som är närvarande eller stöttande, föräldrar som brister i sitt föräldraskap eller i sin omsorg, och föräldrar som avlidit. Det framkommer tydligt att många av ungdomarna relaterar sina föräldrarelationers inverkan i deras liv till både deras dåvarande, nuvarande och även tänkbara framtida omständigheter i livet. Och även till deras fysiska och psykiska hälsa. Således är slutsatsen att en förälders roll, oavsett vilken kategori den faller inom, är viktig för tvångsvårdade ungdomar när de själva reflekterar över sina liv, omständigheter, utveckling och hälsa. Detta bekräftar även den vikt som ovanstående teorier lägger vid barn och ungas relationer till sina föräldrar. / The State Institution Board receives about 1 000 youths to its 23 different Youth Homes every year. Youths coming to live in these homes are there due to decisions on compulsory care according to LVU or LSU or in certain cases according to voluntary efforts in SOL. The treatment in these Youth Homes targets primarily the youth ́s own behaviour while there is no major focus on the parent-child relationship.Yet this particular relationship seems to be of greater importance to many youths. This emerges when you read the annual publication of texts voluntarily written by the youths themselves, published by the State Institution Board. Many stories involve the parent-child relationship. The purpose of this essay is to investigate how youths in compulsory care depict and understand the impact of the parent-child relationship in their lives. The analysis is done from Bowlby ́s and Ainsworth ́s attachment theory and risk- and protective factors. The following three themes stand out: Present or supportive parents, parents lacking in care or parenthood, and deceased parents. It is obvious that many youths relate the impact of their parent-child relationship to their circumstances of life, now, before and in a possible future as well as on their physical and mental health. And thus the conclusion is that a parent’s role, no matter what category it falls into, is important to youths in compulsory care when they themselves reflect upon their lives, circumstances, development and health. This is confirmed by the importance the above theories give the parent-child relationship.

The focus of the present study was on the lack of positive socialization of children affected by parental incarceration. Researchers have indicated the need to broaden the examination of the effects of parental incarceration on children. Mentorship has demonstrated a positive influence for youth who display at-risk behaviors. However, there is little research regarding the effectiveness of mentorship programs for youth who have experienced the negative effects of parental incarceration. The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to describe the experiences of youth who have completed an individualized mentorship program following parental imprisonment. Flyers were distributed to case managers and program managers of mentorship programs in New Castle County in order to recruit participants ages 18 -24 years who had a parent incarcerated and who had completed a mentorship program. Through individual interviews, 5 participants provided a retrospective account of antisocial behaviors exhibited as the result of parental incarceration, isolation, physical and emotional abuse faced in their youth, and the ways in which mentorship impacted their lives. Interview data were coded based on words that expressed emotion (emotion coding), words that expressed action (action coding), and words that described circumstances (circumstantial coding). This study revealed that, for these 5 participants, mentorship did have a positive impact. Findings further suggested that mentoring be recognized as a more focal strategy to assist youth, researchers, and practitioners in (a) identifying triggers that may lead to adverse responses to parental incarceration and (b) helping youth improve their overall quality of life when exposed to such circumstances.

Interparent violence (IPV) is a global family issue. Witnessing IPV confuses children and adolescents about the parental relationship. Adolescent females often perceived fathers as strong and depend on them for safety, security, and support. It is unclear how witnessing maternal perpetrated IPV (MPIPV) affects adolescent females' socialization and development, the perception they have of their fathers, and the meaning they ascribe to father abuse. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to contribute to the literature, provide an understanding of MPIPV implications for adolescent females' social development, and bring more awareness to the lived experiences of witnessing MPIPV. Social learning, feminist, and attachment theories were useful as the conceptual framework and in understanding the lived experience of adolescent girls who witness their mothers abusing their fathers. Five young adult females chosen through purposeful sampling from the southwest region of Florida responded to semi-structured open-ended questions. Interpretive phenomenology was the analytic framework to sort, code, and analyze the data. Findings revealed these females' experiences of anger and emotional stress, their concurrent juggling of coping and stress, their closeness to both parents, and their forgiveness to them despite inimical events between them. Recommendations were that human services professionals who worked with this population develop education and training programs to support both parents and adolescent females in an effort to reduce the effects of MPIPV. This training could result in a positive social change over time as negative perceptions, thoughts, and behaviors of adolescent girls change and increased awareness about the implications of MPIPV in the home occurs

Inledning: Anknytningsteorin ligger till grund för hur vi relaterar till andra människor genom hela livet. Denna studie vilar på hur psykoterapeuter använder sig av anknytningsteorin på olika sätt i sitt kliniska arbete. Studien tillkom utifrån författarens intresse för hur anknytningsteorin kan användas i psykoterapi. Frågeställningar: Hur beskriver psykoterapeuter att de använder sig av anknytningsteorin i mötet med patienter? Vilka konsekvenser av anknytningsbrister ser psykoterapeuterna? Hur tänker psykoterapeuterna kring reparerande av anknytningsbrister? Metod: Denna studie har en kvalitativ ansats. Studien bygger på fyra intervjuer för att få en djupare förståelse för kring hur anknytningsteorin används i det kliniska arbetet. Intervjuerna är semistrukturerade. Resultat: Anknytningsteorin används av psykoterapeuter i det kliniska arbetet åtminstone av de personer som intervjuats i den här studien. Teorin används som ett redskap för att nå en djupare förståelse av personen de möter. Detta både genom att fundera kring hur kvaliteten på mötet är och genom att vara lyhörda för vad som sägs och hur det sägs. Diskussion: Resultaten visar att Anknytningsteorin kan vara ett stöd i arbetet med att förstå och hjälpa människor att komma vidare. Det visar även att en god anknytningsrelation kan fungera som ett skydd för senare eventuella patologier. / Introduction: This study aims to describe psychotherapists usage of the attachment-theory in their clinical work with patients and families engaged inpsychotherapy.Issues: How do psychotherapists describe their usage of the attachment-theory in their work with patients? What is the psychotherapists experience of the consequences of a deficient attachment? What do the psychotherapist think of the possibilities of repairing deficient attachment. Method: This study has a qualitative run-up. The study is based on four interviews to get a deeper understanding of how psychotherapists use theattachment-theory in their clinical work. The interviewer is semi-structured. Results: The attachment-theory is used by psychotherapists in their clinical work, at least by the psychotherapists in this study. The theory is used as an implement to get a deeper understanding of the patient. This by thinking about the quality of the meeting and by being responsive to what the patients says and how they say it. Discussion: The results shows that the attachment-theory can constitute a support in work to understand and help patients in the process to move on. It also shows that a healthy attachment can prevent later psychopathology.

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Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka vuxna barns upplevelser av att växa upp med en förälder som har bipolär sjukdom. Studien har utgått från en kvalitativ ansats och semistrukturerade intervjuer med åtta vuxna deltagare för att undersöka deras upplevelser under uppväxten, påverkan över vuxenlivet och skyddsfaktorer under uppväxten. Tematisk analys användes för att analysera respondenternas utsagor och de teman som identifierades var: utmaningar under uppväxten, trauma, skyddsfaktorer och uppväxtens påverkan på vuxenlivet. Resultatet visar att sju av åtta respondenter upplevt uppväxten som mer eller mindre traumatisk samt att de upplever att uppväxten på olika sätt påverkat dem i deras vuxenliv, både gällande deras psykiska hälsa och i deras relationsskapande. Särskilt framträdande för alla respondenter har varit deras upplevelser av skam, tabu och isolering till följd av förälderns diagnos, vilket har medfört att inga respondenter erhållit stöd från myndighet eller skola trots de trauman som uppstått i barndomen. Slutsatsen är att uppväxten med en förälder som har bipolär sjukdom påverkar barn på flertalet sätt, de barn som har ett stort skyddsnät mår ofta bättre i vuxen ålder medan för de barn som levt mer isolerat har det ofta påverkat deras psykiska mående på ett negativt sätt. / The aim of the work is to investigate adult children's experiences of growing up with a parent who has bipolar disorder. The study has been based on a qualitative approach and semi-structured interviews with eight adult participants to investigate their experiences during childhood, impact over adulthood and protective factors during childhood. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the respondents' statements and the identified themes were: challenges during growing up, trauma, protective factors and the childhood’s impact on adulthood. The results show that seven out of eight respondents experienced their upbringing as more or less traumatic and that their upbringing has affected them in different ways in adulthood, both in terms of their mental health and in their relationship building. Particularly prominent for all respondents have been their experiences of shame, taboo and isolation as a result of the parent's diagnosis, which has meant that none of the respondents received support from authorities or schools despite the traumas that occurred in their childhood. The conclusion is that growing up with a bipolar parent affects children in several ways. Children who have a large safety net more often feel better in adulthood, while for those children who have lived more isolated, it has often affected their mental well-being in a negative way.

The purpose of this study was to explore social workers and health care workers perception of an enhanced collaboration between Child Health Care Services and Social Services and how this coalition can prevent social problems for children and their parents. Through a qualitative approach, empirical data was collected from two child health care workers and two social workers, utilizing a semi-structured interview technique. The data was analysed with a phenomenological approach. A deductive perspective assisted the analysing process of the empirical data, while utilizing the cooperation theory and attachment theory as frameworks. The findings indicate that collaboration between these two organizations is diminutive but emphasized that it could have positive effects for everyone involved, such as professionals, parents and children. Further, the results show that that a possible collaboration could promote children's health and prevent social problems in children and young people, as well as their families. / Studiens syfte var att undersöka socialarbetares och BVC-sköterskors uppfattning om samverkan mellan socialtjänst och Barnavårdscentral och hur detta kan förebygga sociala problem hos barn och deras föräldrar. Genom ett kvalitativt förhållningssätt samlades empiriska data in från semistrukturerade intervjuer med två socialarbetare och två BVC-sköterskor.  Empirin analyserades med fenomenologisk metod. Ett deduktivt perspektiv användes vid analysprocessen. Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkter var samverkansteori samt anknytningsteori. Studiens resultat visade på att samverkan mellan just dessa organisationer sällan förekommer, men att samtliga parter anser att en samverkan skulle ha positiva effekter för professionella, föräldrar och barn. Vidare tydde resultatet på att samverkan eventuellt skulle kunna bidra till att främja barns hälsa och förebygga sociala problem hos barn och unga, och deras familjer.