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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
181

Symptoms of attention deficit disorder, substance abuse, and comorbid correlates in adolescents

Price-Sharps, Jana Leigh 01 January 1999 (has links) (PDF)
Information regarding symptoms of Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) in adolescence is much less prevalent than information about symptoms of this disorder in childhood. Comorbid conditions of ADD such as substance abuse, depression, paranoia and conduct disorder have only been marginally addressed in the literature. Furthermore, these areas, when addressed, have typically been studied in clinical populations referred to practitioners because of severe problems in the home, school or community. It is therefore likely that clinical populations may not represent the incidence of symptoms of ADD and existing comorbid conditions that might be found in non-clinical populations. The present study constituted an examination of symptoms of ADD, substance abuse, and comorbid conditions in a nonreferred adolescent population. Subjects were from a freshman class in a rural mountain area. The 118 subjects that participated in this study were given the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory (SASSI), the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Adolescent Version (MMPI-A) and the Brown ADD Scales. Subjects were chosen randomly from the first 20 subjects who evidenced elevated symptoms of ADD as indicated on the Brown ADD Scales. An additional 20 subjects who did not have elevated symptoms of ADD were randomly chosen as the control population. The comorbid constellation of symptoms addressed in this study were substance abuse, depression, paranoia and conduct disorder. The results indicated that symptoms of ADD were significantly associated with substance abuse, depression and paranoia in this non-clinical population. Of interest was that Conduct Disorder was not found to be significantly associated with ADD, in this “normal population” although it has been associated with ADD in referred clinical populations. This may point to an important difference in this regard between the general population and those referred for clinical services.
182

Neurocognitive Effects of Gist Reasoning Training in Student-Athletes with Concussions, ADHD, and Learning Disabilities

Nguyen, Thomas (Clinical neuropsychologist) 08 1900 (has links)
Concussions, attention-deficit disorder (ADHD), and learning disabilities can adversely impact learning and academic achievement, particularly with respect to attention, memory, and executive functioning; fortunately, cognitive training can be beneficial and remediating these weaknesses. One such program, strategic memory advanced reasoning training (SMART), utilizes a top-down approach to train individuals in executive, higher-ordered thinking strategies including strategic attention, integration, and innovation to facilitate information synthesis and enhance cognitive efficiency. Thus, the purpose of the study is to examine whether SMART improved performances on various neuropsychological measures tapping into attention, processing speed, memory, and executive functioning for college student-athletes with neurological conditions (e.g., concussions, ADHD, LD). Student-athletes were randomly assigned to the SMART program or a "wait-list" control group and were administered a neuropsychological battery at baseline, immediately following the intervention, and after a four-month delay. Results showed that participants benefited from SMART with respect to working memory immediately following the intervention after controlling for baseline scores. The benefits of working memory also persisted after four months. Additionally, SMART was beneficial for improving attention, but only after four months after the intervention. The findings of the current study were consistent with previous studies which showed positive effects of SMART on working memory with a variety of populations (e.g., children, adolescents, older adults, Veterans, brain-injured patients); however, the current study did not see improved performance on other aspects of executive functioning which contradict prior research. Statistical differences between the present study and prior research regarding SMART may be explained in methodology, participant characteristics, research setting, and/or limitations. Future studies may include combining cognitive training as the intervention and utilizing neuroimaging alongside cognitive training to examine the relationship between structural/functional change with neuropsychological performance.
183

Deficits in Miranda Comprehension and Reasoning: The Effects of Substance Use and Attention Deficits.

Hazelwood, Lisa L. 08 1900 (has links)
Each year, an estimated 318,000 defendants who do not comprehend the Miranda warnings waive their rights and provide incriminating evidence without the protection of counsel (Rogers, 2008), which make Miranda-related competencies one of the most pervasive pretrial issues. A wide range of issues could potentially affect an individual's capacity to provide a knowing and intelligent waiver. Previous Miranda research has focused narrowly on the effects of cognitive and developmental factors. The current study added to the Miranda literature by examining the impact of two highly prevalent conditions found in correctional populations, attention deficits and substance abuse. Adult defendants in custody (N = 118) were evaluated within 36 hours of arrest in order to assess both chronic psychological disorders and situational variables. Results indicate that attention deficits have a significant impact on defendants' ability to provide a knowing Miranda waiver, whereas substance use profoundly affected their reasoning about Miranda waiver decisions. This study represents the first systematic investigation of the effect of transient mental states on Miranda-related abilities with criminal defendants. Important implications for forensic practice are addressed.
184

Une étude exploratoire : les psychostimulants et le trouble déficitaire de l'attention avec ou sans hyperactivité (TDA/H) dans le contexte scolaire des enfants au primaire

Quesnel, Martine January 2008 (has links)
Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.
185

Características clínicas, neuropsicológicas e morfológicas cerebrais de idosos com transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH) - comparação com idosos sem TDAH / Clinical, neuropsychological and brain morphology of elderly with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) - compared to elderly without ADHD

Klein, Margarete 22 January 2019 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: O transtorno do déficit de atenção com hiperatividade (TDAH) é um transtorno do neurodesenvolvimento ainda pouco estudado na população idosa. Déficits em funções atencionais, executivas e de memória, além de anormalidades neuroanatômicas, são observados em indivíduos adultos com TDAH. Entretanto, em idosos com TDAH tais alterações ainda são pouco estudadas. OBJETIVOS: Investigar características clínicas e neuropsicológicas, alterações no volume da substância cinzenta (SC) e da substância branca (SB) cerebral, assim como alterações em microestruturas da SB em idosos com TDAH comparando com idosos sem TDAH. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por 63 indivíduos, sendo 28 com TDAH (19 mulheres), diagnosticados conforme o DSM-IV e 35 controles (29 mulheres) com idade >= 65 anos. Na avaliação clínica utilizaram-se as seguintes escalas e entrevistas: Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE); Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-18) ; Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children/Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL); Inventário Beck de Ansiedade (BAI); Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS); Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID); Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) e o Memory Complaint Questionnaire (MAC-Q). Os instrumentos utilizados na testagem cognitiva visaram avaliar o QI estimado, as funções atencionais, executivas e de memória e, adicionalmente tempo de reação e variabilidade de respostas, funções visoespaciais/visoconstrutivas e visoperceptivas. As imagens de ressonância magnética (RM) foram adquiridas em aparelho de 1.5 T. Duas sequências de imagens foram obtidas. Uma pela técnica da volumetria baseada no voxel (VBM) para comparação de volumes da SC e SB e a outra, por imagem por tensor de difusão (DTI), para comparação dos valores de anisotropia fracionada (AF). RESULTADOS: O grupo TDAH apresentou maior frequência de repetência escolar e de vezes repetidas, menor frequência de aposentadoria formal, mais divórcios; mais sintomas de depressão e ansiedade, maior frequência de uso atual de antidepressivo. Houve uma correlação positiva entre sintomas de desatenção e hiperatividade/impulsividade e de depressão e ansiedade. Houve uma correlação negativa entre idade e sintomas de TDAH. Os grupos não se diferenciaram estatisticamente nos testes cognitivos e houve uma tendência de correlação entre sintomas de desatenção e os resultados dos testes de atenção. Sintomas de depressão influenciaram a memória operacional, memória episódica e função visoespacial. Mais sintomas de ansiedade refletiram uma maior variabilidade no tempo de respostas. Na neuroimagem, homens com TDAH apresentaram um volume total de SC menor que os homens do grupo controle. Os grupos não se diferenciaram quanto ao volume de SB. O grupo TDAH apresentou um cluster de volume de SC menor no giro frontal medial orbital direito e que se estende em direção ao giro frontal superior medial, giro frontal superior e o córtex do cíngulo anterior subgenual. Sintomas de desatenção se correlacionaram negativamente com o volume da SC do cíngulo anterior (bilateralmente) e positivamente com o volume do cerebelo esquerdo. Sintomas de Hiperatividade/impulsividade se correlacionaram negativamente com volume da SC em região do córtex órbito-frontal esquerdo. Sintomas de depressão se correlacionaram negativamente com o volume de SC do caudado (bilateralmente) e positivamente com o volume de SC na região parietal inferior direita. Os grupos não se diferenciaram quanto aos valores da AF. Sintomas de ansiedade se correlacionaram positivamente com AF nos tratos do corpo caloso e do fascículo longitudinal superior. CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo evidenciou correlatos neurais em regiões relacionadas às funções atencionais, ao controle executivo e ao processamento afetivo no idoso com TDAH, sugerindo que prejuízos em regiões fronto-estriatal e fronto-parietal-cerebelar verificados em adultos com TDAH persistem na velhice. Os achados reforçam os conhecimentos sobre o TDAH em idosos, sugerindo um desempenho cognitivo objetivo comparável aos controles sem o transtorno, uma redução dos sintomas centrais com o aumento da idade, embora mantendo uma funcionalidade mais prejudicada e comorbidades / INTRODUCTION: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that has not yet been studied in the elderly population. Deficits in attentional, executive and memory functions, in addition to neuroanatomical abnormalities, are found in younger individuals with ADHD. However, in elderly with ADHD such changes are still poorly studied. OBJECTIVES: To investigate clinical and neuropsychological characteristics, changes in cerebral gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes, as well as alterations in WM microstructures in elderly with ADHD compared with elderly without ADHD. METHODS: The sample consisted of 63 individuals, 28 ADHD (19 women) according to DSM-IV criteria and 35 controls (29 women) aged >= 65 years. In the clinical evaluation the following scales and interviews were used: Mini Mental State Examination; Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-18); Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children / Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL); Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI); Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS); Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID); Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) and the Memory Complaint Questionnaire (MAC-Q). The neuropsychological instruments aimed to access estimated IQ, attention, executive and memory functions and, additionally, response time and response variability, visuospatial/visuoconstructive and visuoperceptive functions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was acquired in a 1.5-T equipment. Two image sequences were obtained. One by the voxel-based volumetry (VBM) technique for comparison of GM and WM volumes and the other by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), for comparison of fractional anisotropy (FA) values. RESULTS: The ADHD group presented a higher frequency of subjects with school repetition and number of times repeated, lower frequency of formal retirement, more divorces; more depressive and anxiety symptoms, a higher frequency of current antidepressant. There was a positive correlation between inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms and depressive and anxiety symptoms. There was a negative correlation between age and ADHD symptoms. The groups did not differ statistically in the cognitive tests and there was a tendency of correlation between symptoms of inattention and the results of the attention tests. Symptoms of depression influenced working and episodic memory and visuospatial function. More anxiety symptoms reflected on a greater variability in response time. In neuroimaging, men with ADHD had a lower total GM volume than men in the control group. The groups did not differ regarding the WM volume. The ADHD group presented a cluster of lower GM volume in the right frontal medial orbital gyrus extending towards to frontal superior medial, frontal superior and the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex. Inattention symptoms negatively correlated with GM volume in both the right and left anterior cingulate cortex and positively correlated with the left cerebellum volume. Hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms correlated negatively with the left inferior frontal orbital gyrus. Depression symptoms correlated negatively with the caudate (bilaterally) and positively with the right inferior parietal region. The groups did not differ regarding the FA values. Anxiety symptoms correlated positively with FA in corpus callosum and superior longitudinal fasciculus tracts. CONCLUSION: The present study showed neural correlates in regions related to functions, such as attention, executive control, and affective processing, suggesting that impairments in frontostriatal and frontoparietal-cerebellar areas observed in adults with ADHD persist into old age. Our findings reinforce the knowledge about ADHD in elderly, indicating an objective cognitive performance comparable to normal controls, a reduction of central symptoms, although maintaining a more impaired functionality and comorbidities
186

Influência do tratamento da respiração oral na sintomatologia de crianças com Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade / Influence of the treatment of mouth breathing on the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Costa, Carolina Marins Ferreira da 13 April 2007 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: A literatura confirma a relação existente entre os Distúrbios Respiratórios do Sono (DRS) e os sintomas do Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade (TDAH). Há estudos que mostram o efeito dos tratamentos para DRS no comportamento, observando-se, após adenotonsilectomia, melhora nos índices dos testes de comportamento, assim como no desempenho escolar das crianças com TDAH. Considerando-se a relação existente entre a Respiração Oral (RO) e os DRS e entre estes e o TDAH, pretende-se avaliar se ocorrem interferências sintomáticas entre a RO e o TDAH, quando se obtém a reversão da RO em respiração nasal fisiológica, através da utilização do tratamento ortopédico funcional (utilização de placas ortopédicas, orientação para o fechamento labial, ginástica respiratória) e terapia fonoaudiológica. MÉTODOS: Neste estudo longitudinal, realizado entre janeiro de 2004 e janeiro de 2007, acompanhando pacientes com TDAH e RO, de 7 a 13 anos de idade, por 18 meses, no ambulatório de TDAH do Hospital das Clínicas/ FMUSP, comparamos os escores de testes comportamentais para TDAH (Conners e SNAP IV) em dois grupos de pacientes que estavam sendo tratados com metilfenidato, um dos quais recebeu tratamento ortopédico funcional e fonoaudiológico para a RO. RESULTADOS: 1) Não houve diferenças entre o grupo tratado e não tratado para a RO com respeito à idade; 2) Os escores dos questionários no grupo tratado para RO foram significantemente diminuindo (indicando melhora) em todas as variáveis (exceto Conners Pais -conduta anti-social), ao longo do tempo; 3) Os escores dos questionários no grupo tratado para RO foram significantemente menores (indicando melhora) do que os escores do grupo não tratado, para todas as variáveis estudadas, quando se comparam os dois grupos; 4) Esta melhora dos sintomas ocorreu após 12 meses de tratamento para RO e persistiu aos 18 meses; 5) dois dos oito pacientes do grupo tratado puderam interromper o metilfenidato, sendo que todos os pacientes do grupo não tratado ainda utilizam o medicamento. CONCLUSÕES: O Tratamento Ortopédico Funcional para RO, em conjunto com a terapia fonoaudiológica, foi efetivo para a melhora dos sintomas de TDAH em pacientes em tratamento com metilfenidato; a RO e os DRS devem ser investigados e tratados em pacientes com diagnóstico ou suspeita de TDAH, pois podem contribuir para a piora dos sintomas. / INTRODUCTION: A number of studies demonstrate the relationship between Sleep Respiratory Disorders (SRD) and symptoms of the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Some of them assess the effect of the treatments for SRD on the behavior; for example, an improvement of the scores in the behavior tests, as well as in the school performance of children with TDAH is observed after adenotonsillectomy Considering the relation between mouth breathing (MB) and SRD and between these and the ADHD, we aimed to evaluate symptomatic interferences between MB and ADHD, through the reversion of MB in physiological nasal breath, by means of functional orthopedics treatment (use of orthopedics plates, orientation for labial closing, respiratory gymnastics) and speech therapy. METHODS: In this longitudinal study, performed between January of 2004 and January of 2007, 16 patients with ADHD and MB, aged 7 to 13 years, and who were being treated with methylphenidate, were followed-up for 18 months, in the outpatient clinic for ADHD at the Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP. We compared the scores in ADHD tests (Conners and SNAP IV) of two groups of eight patients, one of which received functional orthopedics treatment and speech therapy for MB and the other did not. RESULTS: 1) The two groups were statistically equivalent by age; 2) The scores of the questionnaires in the group of patients treated for MB were significantly lowering (indicating improvement) regarding all the variables (except Conners Parents - antisocial behavior), along the follow-up period; 3) The scores of the questionnaires in the treated group were significantly lower (indicating improvement) of the scores in no treated group, for all the studied variables, when the two groups are compared; 4) This improvement of the symptoms occurred 12 months after the beginning of the treatment for MB and persisted at 18 months; 5) two of the eight patients from the treated group were indicated for interrupting the methylphenidate; however, all patients of the group not treated were still utilizing the medication. CONCLUSIONS: Functional the Orthopedics Treatment for MB, associated with speech therapy, was effective for the improvement of the symptoms of ADHD in patients who were being treated with methylphenidate; MB and SRD must be investigated and treated in patients with diagnosis or suspicion of ADHD, as they can contribute for the worsening of the symptoms.
187

Epilepsia Benigna da Infância com Paroxismos Centrotemporais - delineamento do perfil executivo / Benign Childhood Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes - delineation of executive profile

Lima, Ellen Marise 28 September 2017 (has links)
A Epilepsia Benigna da Infância com Paroxismos Centrotemporais (EBICT) é uma epilepsia focal e de etiologia indeterminada. O termo benigno é, atualmente, questionado pelo reconhecimento de que, apesar da remissão completa das crises epilépticas em 80% dos casos e da farmacorresponsividade nessa síndrome, há comorbidades psiquiátricas que podem comprometer a qualidade de vida e o desempenho escolar. A comorbidade psiquiátrica mais frequente nessa epilepsia é o Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH). Uma das mais importantes funções cognitivas, as Funções Executivas (FE), nos seus domínios frios (flexibilidade mental, rastreio mental de informações, capacidade de abstração e atenção) e quentes (tomada de decisão, cognição social e controle de impulsividade), podem estar alteradas, tanto na EBICT quanto no TDAH. Apesar da alta prevalência dessa síndrome, o TDAH e as FE, principalmente as quentes, são pouco investigadas e descritas nessa população. Além disso, com os poucos estudos previamente realizados, não é possível descrever se os déficits executivos encontrados estão relacionados às variáveis clínicas da epilepsia, à atividade epileptiforme em si, à comorbidade psiquiátrica ou à soma destes fatores. Dessa forma, o objetivo geral deste estudo foi analisar o perfil de desempenho executivo em crianças e adolescentes com EBICT. Este foi um estudo de coorte transversal, controlado (duplo pareamento) e não randomizado. O desempenho executivo das crianças e adolescentes, de ambos os sexos, com idades de 6 a 16 anos, foi avaliado através da análise comparativa de três grupos (total de 63 sujeitos): Grupo I (23 pacientes com EBICT); Grupo II (20 pacientes com TDAH e sem epilepsia) e Grupo III (20 crianças e adolescentes saudáveis sem epilepsia, sem TDAH e sem nenhum diagnóstico neurológico ou psiquiátrico). A avaliação neuropsicológica foi composta por uma bateria abrangente com 22 instrumentos, para investigação detalhada das funções executivas em seus múltiplos domínios (atenção, FE frias e quentes), potencial intelectual e desempenho acadêmico. Nossos resultados demonstraram que os pacientes com EBICT apresentam pior desempenho em domínios do funcionamento executivo frio e quente em comparação aos controles. A presença do TDAH esteve associada a um maior prejuízo no funcionamento executivo dos pacientes com EBICT. Além disso, o perfil executivo e atencional desses pacientes demonstrou-se distinto daquele apresentado pelas crianças com TDAH e sem epilepsia. Houve correlação entre as variáveis clínicas da epilepsia (especialmente tempo de controle de crises, número de fármacos antiepilépticos, presença e lateralidade da atividade epileptiforme) e um pior funcionamento executivo. Dessa forma, salienta-se a necessidade de maior atenção às funções executivas quentes e à presença da coexistência do TDAH na EBICT, ambas negligenciadas nos estudos com essa síndrome epiléptica da infância. Assim, pode-se propiciar um melhor delineamento das dificuldades cognitivas, do prognóstico e da intervenção adequados e eficazes para crianças e adolescentes com EBICT / Benign Childhood Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes (BECTS) is focal epilepsy with undetermined etiology. At the moment, the term benign has been questioned by the recognition that despite the complete remission of epileptic seizures in 80% of cases and pharmaco-responsivity, there are cognitive and psychiatric comorbidities that may compromise quality of life and school performance. The most frequent psychiatric comorbidity is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). One of the most important cognitive functions, the Executive Functions (EF), in its cool (mental flexibility, mental information tracking, abstraction capacity and attention) and hot domains (decision making, social cognition and impulse control), may be impaired in both disorders, BECTS and ADHD. Despite the high prevalence of this syndrome, ADHD and EF are poorly investigated and described in this population. Moreover, with the few studies previously done, it is not possible to describe if the executive deficits found are related to the clinical variables of epilepsy, the epileptiform activity itself, the psychiatric comorbidity or the sum of these factors. Thus, the general objective of this study was to analyze the profile of executive performance in children and adolescents with BECTS. This was a cross-sectional, controlled (double-matched) and non-randomized cohort study. The executive profile of children and adolescents of both genders, aged 6 to 16 years, was evaluated through a comparative analysis of three groups (total of 63 subjects): Group I (23 patients with BECTS); Group II (20 patients with ADHD and without epilepsy) and Group III (20 healthy children and adolescents without epilepsy, without ADHD and without any neurological or psychiatric diagnosis). The neuropsychological evaluation consisted of a comprehensive battery with 22 instruments for detailed executive functions evaluation in its multiple domains (attention, cool and hot EF), intellectual potential and academic performance. Our results showed that patients with BECTS presented worse performance in the areas of cold and hot executive functioning compared to controls. The presence of ADHD was associated with greater impairment in the executive functioning of patients with BECTS. In addition, the executive and attentional profile of these patients was different from that presented by children with ADHD and without epilepsy. There was a correlation between the clinical variables of epilepsy (especially time of seizure control, number of antiepileptic medication, presence and laterality of epileptiform discharges) and worse executive functioning. Thus, the need for greater attention to the hot executive functions and to the presence of the coexistence of ADHD in the BECTS, both neglected in the studies with this epileptic syndrome of the childhood, is emphasized. Thus, a better delineation of adequate and effective cognitive difficulties, prognosis and intervention for children and adolescents with BECTS can be provided
188

Estudo comparativo do desempenho cognitivo de portadores adultos do Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção Hiperatividade (TDAH) associado a Transtorno por Uso de Substâncias Psicoativas (TUSP) e portadores adultos de TDAH sem a presença de TUSP / Comparative study of the cognitive performance in adults with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with Substance Use Disorder (SUD) and a group of adults with ADHD without SUD

Miguel, Carmen Silvia 25 July 2014 (has links)
Objetivo: O Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) e o Transtorno por uso de substancias psicoativas (TUSP) são frequentemente comórbidos. Apesar disso, observa-se que poucos dados foram publicados a respeito do desempenho cognitivo e de impulsividade de adultos TDAH com e sem dependência de cocaína e/ou crack. Este estudo procurou verificar a presença de diferenças cognitivas em funções executivas, memória verbal e em impulsividade em grupos de adultos com TDAH com e sem dependência de cocaína e/ou crack, e se a presença de outras comorbidades psiquiátricas influencia estas diferenças. Desenho: Uma amostra de adultos com TDAH com dependência de cocaína e/ou crack (grupo experimental) e uma amostra de adultos TDAH sem dependência de qualquer substância psicoativa (grupo controle). Métodos: A amostra foi formada por pacientes de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 18 e 60 anos, diagnosticados de acordo com os critérios do DSM-IV. Formaram o grupo experimental adultos com TDAH e dependência de cocaína e/ou crack (TDAH+COC) internados na Associação Promocional Oração e Trabalho (APOT), e nas enfermarias do Hospital Geral de Taipas, e do Programa do Grupo Interdisciplinar de Estudo de Álcool e Drogas (GREA) do Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (IPq- HCFMUSP). O grupo controle foi formado por adultos com TDAH sem dependência de qualquer substância psicoativa atendidos no ambulatório do Programa de Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (PRODATH) do IPq-HCFMUSP. Instrumentos: O desempenho cognitivo foi verificado por: Vocabulário (WASI); Raciocínio Matricial (WASI); Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT); Torre de Hanói; Memória Lógica (WMS III); FAS; Digit Span (WAIS III); Sequência de Números e Letras (WAIS III); Reading Mind in the Eyes Task; Stroop, Trail Making (partes A e B); Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Conner\'s Continuous Performance Test (CPT) e Iowa Gambling Test (IGT). A Escala de Barratt (BIS 11) verificou as dimensões de impulsividade, o Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI 5.0.0.), e a presença de comorbidades psiquiátricas, Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) foi usado no rastreio do uso de substâncias psicoativas e o Addiction Severity Index (ASI 6 - módulo DROGAS) investigou o histórico do uso de substâncias psicoativas. Resultados: O grupo TDAH+COC apresentou QI mais baixo, déficits nas habilidades verbais, na aprendizagem implícita em tomada de decisão, lentificação no tempo de resposta e maior impulsividade motora comparado ao grupo TDAH. O grupo TDAH mostrou déficits em atenção seletiva, velocidade de processamento e busca visual comparado ao grupo TDAH+COC. Não houve diferenças significativas em memória verbal. O grupo TDAH+COC apresentou maior presença de outras comorbidades psiquiátricas (Transtorno de Personalidade Antissocial, Risco de Suícidio, Episódio Maníaco) Conclusão: Dois perfis diferentes foram encontrados. O grupo TDAH+COC mostrou déficits relacionados às áreas pré-frontal dorsolateral e ventromedial, enquanto o grupo TDAH mostrou déficits relacionados à área pré-frontal dorsolateral. Estes resultados podem ser explicados pelo modelo de \"An integrative theory of attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder based on cognitive and affective neuroscience\" que sugere que a falta de regulação nos mecanismos \"top down\" estão influenciando as alterações cognitivas e impulsividade / Background: Comorbidity is frequent between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and cocaine dependence. Despite this fact, scarce data have been published with regard to the neuropsychological profile and impulsiveness traits of adult ADHD individuals with and without comorbid cocaine and/or crack dependence. The aim of the present study was to fill this gap in the literature by assessing cognitive differences in executive functions, verbal memory, and impulsiveness in groups of adult ADHD patients with and without cocaine and/or crack dependence, and determining whether the presence of other psychiatric comorbidities influences these differences. Study design: One group of adults with ADHD and comorbid cocaine and/or crack dependence (experimental) and one group of adults with ADHD and no psychoactive substance abuse or dependence (control). Methods: Male and female patients aged 18 and 60 years with a diagnosis of ADHD with or without comorbid cocaine and/or crack dependence by the DSM-IV criteria were recruited for the study. The experimental group (ADHD+COC) consisted of adults with ADHD and comorbid cocaine and/or crack dependence admitted to Associação Promocional Oração e Trabalho (APOT), in the Hospital Geral de Taipas wards, or a ward of the Programa do Grupo Interdisciplinar de Estudo de Álcool e Drogas (GREA) do Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (IPq-HCFMUSP). The control group (ADHD) comprised adults with ADHD without any psychoactive substance dependence; these patients received care at the outpatient clinic of the IPq- HCFMUSP Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Program. Instruments: The patients\'s neuropsychological performance was assessed using the following measures: Vocabulary and Matrix Reasoning (WASI); Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT); Tower of Hanoi; Logical Memory (WMS III); FAS; Digit Span (WAIS III); Letter-Number Sequencing (WAIS III); Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test; Stroop; Trails (A and B parts); Iowa Gambling Test (WCST); Conner\'s Continuous Performance Test (CPT), and Iowa Gambling Test (IGT). The Barratt Scale (BIS-11) assessed the factors of impulsiveness, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI 5.0.0.) identified psychiatric comorbidities, the validated Brazilian version of the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) was used to screen for use of psychoactive substances and the Addiction Severity Index (ASI-6 - module DRUGS) assessed the history of psychoactive substance use. Results: The ADHD+COC group showed deficits in verbal skills, lower IQ, poor decision making, and lentification in reaction times and motor impulsiveness compared with the ADHD group. The ADHD group showed deficits in selective attention, processing speed and visual search compared with the ADHD+COC group. No significant differences were found in verbal memory. The ADHD+COC group had a greater prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities (Anti-Social Personality Disorder, Risk of Suicide, Maniac Episode) Conclusion: Two differents profiles were noted. ADHD+COC group showed deficits related to the dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal areas while the ADHD group had deficiencies related to the dorsolateral prefrontal areas. The \"an integrative theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder based on cognitive and affective neuroscience\" supports these results, suggesting the dysregulation of \"top-down\" mechanisms promote the cognitive alterations and impulsivity
189

Estudo comparativo do desempenho cognitivo de portadores adultos do Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção Hiperatividade (TDAH) associado a Transtorno por Uso de Substâncias Psicoativas (TUSP) e portadores adultos de TDAH sem a presença de TUSP / Comparative study of the cognitive performance in adults with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with Substance Use Disorder (SUD) and a group of adults with ADHD without SUD

Carmen Silvia Miguel 25 July 2014 (has links)
Objetivo: O Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) e o Transtorno por uso de substancias psicoativas (TUSP) são frequentemente comórbidos. Apesar disso, observa-se que poucos dados foram publicados a respeito do desempenho cognitivo e de impulsividade de adultos TDAH com e sem dependência de cocaína e/ou crack. Este estudo procurou verificar a presença de diferenças cognitivas em funções executivas, memória verbal e em impulsividade em grupos de adultos com TDAH com e sem dependência de cocaína e/ou crack, e se a presença de outras comorbidades psiquiátricas influencia estas diferenças. Desenho: Uma amostra de adultos com TDAH com dependência de cocaína e/ou crack (grupo experimental) e uma amostra de adultos TDAH sem dependência de qualquer substância psicoativa (grupo controle). Métodos: A amostra foi formada por pacientes de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 18 e 60 anos, diagnosticados de acordo com os critérios do DSM-IV. Formaram o grupo experimental adultos com TDAH e dependência de cocaína e/ou crack (TDAH+COC) internados na Associação Promocional Oração e Trabalho (APOT), e nas enfermarias do Hospital Geral de Taipas, e do Programa do Grupo Interdisciplinar de Estudo de Álcool e Drogas (GREA) do Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (IPq- HCFMUSP). O grupo controle foi formado por adultos com TDAH sem dependência de qualquer substância psicoativa atendidos no ambulatório do Programa de Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (PRODATH) do IPq-HCFMUSP. Instrumentos: O desempenho cognitivo foi verificado por: Vocabulário (WASI); Raciocínio Matricial (WASI); Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT); Torre de Hanói; Memória Lógica (WMS III); FAS; Digit Span (WAIS III); Sequência de Números e Letras (WAIS III); Reading Mind in the Eyes Task; Stroop, Trail Making (partes A e B); Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Conner\'s Continuous Performance Test (CPT) e Iowa Gambling Test (IGT). A Escala de Barratt (BIS 11) verificou as dimensões de impulsividade, o Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI 5.0.0.), e a presença de comorbidades psiquiátricas, Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) foi usado no rastreio do uso de substâncias psicoativas e o Addiction Severity Index (ASI 6 - módulo DROGAS) investigou o histórico do uso de substâncias psicoativas. Resultados: O grupo TDAH+COC apresentou QI mais baixo, déficits nas habilidades verbais, na aprendizagem implícita em tomada de decisão, lentificação no tempo de resposta e maior impulsividade motora comparado ao grupo TDAH. O grupo TDAH mostrou déficits em atenção seletiva, velocidade de processamento e busca visual comparado ao grupo TDAH+COC. Não houve diferenças significativas em memória verbal. O grupo TDAH+COC apresentou maior presença de outras comorbidades psiquiátricas (Transtorno de Personalidade Antissocial, Risco de Suícidio, Episódio Maníaco) Conclusão: Dois perfis diferentes foram encontrados. O grupo TDAH+COC mostrou déficits relacionados às áreas pré-frontal dorsolateral e ventromedial, enquanto o grupo TDAH mostrou déficits relacionados à área pré-frontal dorsolateral. Estes resultados podem ser explicados pelo modelo de \"An integrative theory of attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder based on cognitive and affective neuroscience\" que sugere que a falta de regulação nos mecanismos \"top down\" estão influenciando as alterações cognitivas e impulsividade / Background: Comorbidity is frequent between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and cocaine dependence. Despite this fact, scarce data have been published with regard to the neuropsychological profile and impulsiveness traits of adult ADHD individuals with and without comorbid cocaine and/or crack dependence. The aim of the present study was to fill this gap in the literature by assessing cognitive differences in executive functions, verbal memory, and impulsiveness in groups of adult ADHD patients with and without cocaine and/or crack dependence, and determining whether the presence of other psychiatric comorbidities influences these differences. Study design: One group of adults with ADHD and comorbid cocaine and/or crack dependence (experimental) and one group of adults with ADHD and no psychoactive substance abuse or dependence (control). Methods: Male and female patients aged 18 and 60 years with a diagnosis of ADHD with or without comorbid cocaine and/or crack dependence by the DSM-IV criteria were recruited for the study. The experimental group (ADHD+COC) consisted of adults with ADHD and comorbid cocaine and/or crack dependence admitted to Associação Promocional Oração e Trabalho (APOT), in the Hospital Geral de Taipas wards, or a ward of the Programa do Grupo Interdisciplinar de Estudo de Álcool e Drogas (GREA) do Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (IPq-HCFMUSP). The control group (ADHD) comprised adults with ADHD without any psychoactive substance dependence; these patients received care at the outpatient clinic of the IPq- HCFMUSP Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Program. Instruments: The patients\'s neuropsychological performance was assessed using the following measures: Vocabulary and Matrix Reasoning (WASI); Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT); Tower of Hanoi; Logical Memory (WMS III); FAS; Digit Span (WAIS III); Letter-Number Sequencing (WAIS III); Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test; Stroop; Trails (A and B parts); Iowa Gambling Test (WCST); Conner\'s Continuous Performance Test (CPT), and Iowa Gambling Test (IGT). The Barratt Scale (BIS-11) assessed the factors of impulsiveness, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI 5.0.0.) identified psychiatric comorbidities, the validated Brazilian version of the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) was used to screen for use of psychoactive substances and the Addiction Severity Index (ASI-6 - module DRUGS) assessed the history of psychoactive substance use. Results: The ADHD+COC group showed deficits in verbal skills, lower IQ, poor decision making, and lentification in reaction times and motor impulsiveness compared with the ADHD group. The ADHD group showed deficits in selective attention, processing speed and visual search compared with the ADHD+COC group. No significant differences were found in verbal memory. The ADHD+COC group had a greater prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities (Anti-Social Personality Disorder, Risk of Suicide, Maniac Episode) Conclusion: Two differents profiles were noted. ADHD+COC group showed deficits related to the dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal areas while the ADHD group had deficiencies related to the dorsolateral prefrontal areas. The \"an integrative theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder based on cognitive and affective neuroscience\" supports these results, suggesting the dysregulation of \"top-down\" mechanisms promote the cognitive alterations and impulsivity
190

Avaliação do desempenho motor e acadêmico de crianças com e sem transtorno de déficit de atenção/ hiperatividade / Motor skills and academic performance assessment of children diagnosed with and without attention déficit hyperactivity disorder

Palácio, Siméia Gaspar 18 September 2014 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: 0 transtorno de déficit de atenção com hiperatividade é um distúrbio neurobiológico comum na infância que pode acarretar prejuízos no desempenho motor em 30 a 50% dos casos, além de déficits no aprendizado escolar e no desenvolvimento social e emocional, tornando a criança mais propensa ao abandono dos estudos, a repetência, suspensão, expulsão e mais vulnerável a necessidade de reforço. OBJETIVO: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o desempenho motor e acadêmico de crianças com transtorno de déficit de atenção com hiperatividade matriculadas na rede municipal de ensino de Maringá. METODOLOGIA: Foram selecionadas 55 crianças de ambos os gêneros, matriculadas no 2º ao 4º ano do ensino fundamental, entre 7 a 10 anos, com diagnóstico clínico confirmado do respectivo transtorno, sem comorbidades associadas exceto o Transtorno Opositor Desafiante e dificuldades de aprendizagem, além de 55 crianças do grupo controle para efeitos de comparação, seguindo os mesmos parâmetros com relação ao ano escolar cursado, idade e sexo. Na sequência foram realizadas as avaliações do desempenho motor e acadêmico, utilizando a segunda edição do Movement Assessment Battery for Children e o Teste do Desempenho Escolar. Para a análise estatística foi utilizado o programa estatístico Statistical Package for Social Science versão 20 e empregado os testes Shapiro-Wilk, Qui quadrado, Mann-Whitney, Teste Exato de Fisher, Correlação de Spearman e correlação de Pearson. RESULTADOS: Os resultados demonstraram diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre o grupo experimental e controle na classificação do grau de dificuldade motora, na leitura, escrita e no escore bruto total do teste do desempenho escolar. CONCLUSÃO:Tendo em vista, o maior prejuízo acadêmico detectado no grupo experimental e a maior frequência de crianças do respectivo grupo classificadas como de risco e com significante dificuldade motora, salienta-se a necessidade delas serem monitoradas por profissionais especializados, a fim de minimizarem os déficts apresentados / INTRODUCTION: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a neurobiological condition common in childhood, which may result in poor motor performance to 30 to 50% of the children diagnosed with it as well as in poor school performance and poor social and emotional development, causing children to be more likely to fail at or drop out of school, be suspended or expelled from school, and be more likely to need extra lessons to catch up with the class. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the motor skills and school performance of children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder who attended a municipal school in Maringá, Brazil. The group selected were 55 children of both sexes at 7 to 10 years old attending the first to third grades of elementary school diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder without any associated disorder except oppositional defiant disorder and learning difficulties. Fifty-five children were also selected for the control group for comparison effects, following the same parameters regarding the school grade, age and sex. Motor skills and school performance assessments based on the second edition of Movement Assessment Battery for Children and the school performance test were carried out. For the statistical analysis, the Statistical Package for Social Science version 20, Shapiro-Wilk, Chi square, Mann-Whitney, Fisher´s Exact Tests and the Pearson and Spearman correlation were used. RESULTS:The results showed statistically significant differences between the experimental and the control group in the classification of degree of motor difficuly in reading, writing and the total gross score of the School Performance Test. CONCLUSION:Considering the greater difficulty at school perceived in the experimental group and the greater frequency of children of such group classified as borderline ones and with significant motor difficulty, it is clear that they should be monitored by specialized professionals for their evident deficits to be minimized

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