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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Effet de la stimulation rythmique audio-tactile sur les mouvements de coordination / Effect of audio-tactile rhythmic stimulation on the coordination of movements

Roy, Charlotte 24 March 2017 (has links)
Notre capacité à intégrer des informations venant de nos différents sens est fondamentale pour produire et réguler les mouvements de notre corps. L’objectif général de cette thèse est d’étudier les effets des déterminants de l’intégration multisensorielle sur nos comportements sensorimoteurs rythmiques. Les effets de l’intégration multisensorielle sur ce type de comportements sont peu connus car peu étudiés. Ces comportements caractérisent pourtant la majorité de nos activités quotidiennes comme marcher, écrire ou encore lors de la pratique d’activités sportives. Jusqu’à présent les processus multisensoriels ont été étudiés principalement dans le cadre de nos capacités de discrimination et de détection, révélant notamment la nécessaire synchronie temporelle entre les modalités pour leur intégration. Les conséquences de cette cohérence temporelle et des mécanismes associés n’ont jamais été testées sur les comportements sensorimoteurs rythmiques. Nous chercherons donc à généraliser leurs effets sur ces comportements. Par ailleurs, la littérature rapporte que les caractéristiques du mouvement modifient le traitement des informations sensorielles et semblent également influencer l’intégration multisensorielle. Nous testerons ainsi l’effet des caractéristiques de stabilité du système sensorimoteur, i.e. stabilité intrinsèque de la marche, sur l’intégration multisensorielle.Les deux contributions de cette thèse sont les suivantes : (1) Les comportements rythmiques obéissent aux mêmes principes que les comportements de discrimination temporelle ou de détection. Nos résultats généralisent les effets de cohérence temporelle et montrent pour la première fois l’effet de bénéfice multisensoriel sur la marche. (2) Nous formulons une hypothèse novatrice de compensation sensorimotrice, qui souligne l’utilisation adaptée des informations multisensorielles par le système sensorimoteur. Ce dernier compense la diminution de stabilité intrinsèque de la marche par une plus grande et/ou meilleure utilisation des informations externes audio-tactiles. / Our ability to merge information coming from several senses is crucial to produce and regulate our body movements. The main objective of this thesis is to study the effects of multisensory integration factors on our sensorimotor rhythmic behaviours. The multisensory integration effects on these behaviours are not well understood, being seldom studied. However, those behaviours characterize most of our daily activities such as walking, writing or doing sports. So far, multisensory processes have essentially been studied with regard to our discrimination and detection skills, highlighting the necessity of a temporal synchrony between senses for their integration. The consequences of this temporal coherence and the associated mechanisms have never been tested on sensorimotor rhythmic behaviours. Thus, we will extend their effects to these behaviours. Besides, literature shows that the movements’ features modify the processing of sensory information and can influence multisensory integration. We will test the effects of the stability of the sensorimotor system, i.e. intrinsic stability of gait, on the multisensory integration.The two main contributions of the thesis are the following ones: (1) Rhythmic behaviours obey the same principles as temporal discrimination and detection behaviours. Our results generalize the effects of temporal coherence and show for the first time a multisensory benefit on gait. (2) We suggest a novel sensorimotor compensatory assumption, highlighting the adaptive use of multisensory information by the sensorimotor system, which compensates the decrease of the intrinsic stability of the gait with a larger and/or better use of external audio-tactile information.
2

Interplay between multisensory integration and social interaction in auditory space : towards an integrative neuroscience approach of proxemics / Impact du contexte social sur le codage multisensoriel de l’espace autour du corps : la proxémie revisitée par les neurosciences intégratives

Hobeika, Lise 29 November 2017 (has links)
L'homme ne perçoit pas l'espace de manière homogène : le cerveau code l'espace proche du corps différemment de l'espace lointain. Cette distinction joue un rôle primordial notre comportement social : l'espace proche du corps, appelé espace péripersonnel (EPP), serait une zone de protection du corps, où la présence d'un individu est perçue comme une menace. L'EPP a été initialement décrit par la psychologie sociale et l'anthropologie, comme un facteur de la communication humaine. L'EPP a été plus tard décrit chez le singe par des études de neurophysiologie comme un espace codé par des neurones multisensoriels. Ces neurones déchargent uniquement en réponse à des évènements sensoriels situés à une distance limitée du corps du singe (qu'ils soient tactiles, visuels ou auditifs). L'ensemble de ces neurones multisensoriels code ainsi l'EPP tout autour du corps. Ce codage exclusif de l'EPP est crucial pour interagir avec le monde extérieur, car c'est dans cet espace que sont réalisées les actions visant à protéger le corps ou visant à atteindre des objets autour de soi. Le codage mutlisensoriel de l'EPP pendant des interactions sociales est à ce jour peu étudié. Dans ce travail de recherche, nous avons réalisé plusieurs études en vu d'identifier des facteurs contribuant à la perméabilité de l'EPP et ses aspects adaptatifs. Une première étude a examiné les frontières latérales de l'EPP chez des individus seuls, en mesurant l'interaction d'une source sonore dynamique s'approchant du corps avec le temps de détection de stimulations tactiles. Cette étude a montré des différences dans la taille de l'EPP entre les deux hémi-espaces, qui seraient liées à la latéralité manuelle. Une seconde étude a exploré les modulations de l'EPP dans des contextes sociaux. Elle a montré que l'EPP est modifié lorsque des individus réalisent une tâche en collaboration. La troisième étude est une recherche méthodologique qui vise à dépasser les limitations des paradigmes comportementaux utilisés actuellement pour mesurer l'EPP. Elle propose de nouvelles pistes pour évaluer comment les stimuli approchant le corps sont intégrés en fonction de leur distance et du contexte multisensoriel dans lequel ils sont traités. L'ensemble de ces travaux montre l'intérêt d'étudier l'intégration multisensorielle autour du corps dans l'espace 3D pour comprendre pleinement l'EPP, et les impacts potentiels de facteurs sociaux sur les processus multisensoriels de bas-niveaux. De plus, ces études soulignent l'importance pour les neurosciences sociales de développer des protocoles expérimentaux réellement sociaux, à plusieurs participants. / The space near the body, called peripersonal space (PPS), was originally studied in social psychology and anthropology as an important factor in interpersonal communication. It was later described by neurophysiological studies in monkeys as a space mapped with multisensory neurons. Those neurons discharge only when events are occurring near the body (be it tactile, visual or audio information), delineating the space that people consider as belonging to them. The human brain also codes events that are near the body differently from those that are farther away. This dedicated brain function is critical to interact satisfactorily with the external world, be it for defending oneself or to reach objects of interest. However, little is known about how this function is impacted by real social interactions. In this work, we have conducted several studies aiming at understanding the factors that contribute to the permeability and adaptive aspects of PPS. A first study examined lateral PPS for individuals in isolation, by measuring reaction time to tactile stimuli when an irrelevant sound is looming towards the body of the individual. It revealed an anisotropy of reaction time across hemispaces, that we could link to handedness. A second study explored the modulations of PPS in social contexts. It was found that minimal social instructions could influence the shape of peripersonal space, with a complex modification of behaviors in collaborative tasks that outreaches the handedness effect. The third study is a methodological investigation attempting to go beyond the limitations of the behavioral methods measuring PPS, and proposing a new direction to assess how stimuli coming towards the body are integrated according to their distance and the multisensory context in which they are processed. Taken together, our work emphasizes the importance of investigating multisensory integration in 3D space around the body to fully capture PPS mechanisms, and the potential impacts of social factors on low-level multisensory processes. Moreover, this research provides evidence that neurocognitive social investigations, in particular on space perception, benefit from going beyond the traditional isolated individual protocols towards actual live social interactive paradigms.
3

Audio-tactile displays to improve learnability and perceived urgency of alarming stimuli

Momenipour, Amirmasoud 01 August 2019 (has links)
Based on cross-modal learning and multiple resources theory, human performance can be improved by receiving and processing additional streams of information from the environment. In alarm situations, alarm meanings need to be distinguishable from each other and learnable for users. In audible alarms, by manipulating the temporal characteristics of sounds different audible signals can be generated. However, in some cases such as in using discrete medical alarms, when there are too many audible signals to manage, changes in temporal characteristics may not generate discriminable signals that would be easy for listeners to learn. Multimodal displays can be developed to generate additional auditory, visual, and tactile stimuli for helping humans benefit from cross-modal learning and multiple attentional resources for a better understanding of the alarm situations. In designing multimodal alarm displays in work domains where the alarms are predominantly auditory-based and where accessing visual displays is not possible at all times, tactile displays can enhance the effectiveness of alarms by providing additional streams of information for understanding the alarms. However, because of low information density of tactile information presentation, the use of tactile alarms has been limited. In this thesis, by using human subjects, the learnability of auditory and tactile alarms, separately and together in an audio-tactile display were studied. The objective of the study was to test cross-modal learning when messages of an alarm (i.e. meaning, urgency level) were conveyed simultaneously in audible, tactile and audio-tactile alarm displays. The alarm signals were designed by using spatial characteristics of tactile, and temporal characteristics of audible signals separately in audible and tactile displays as well as together in an audio-tactile display. This study explored if using multimodal alarms (tactile and audible) would help learning unimodal (audible or tactile) alarm meanings and urgency levels. The findings of this study can help for design of more efficient discrete audio-tactile alarms that promote learnability of alarm meanings and urgency levels.
4

Navigating through haptics and sound: Exploring non-visual navigation for urban cyclists to enhance the cycling experience

Giesa, Anette Isabella January 2019 (has links)
Bicyclist are increasingly shaping the picture of urban traffic. With regard to guided navigation through urban areas, navigation systems that are designed for this type of traffic participants do not offer a satisfying solution. Voice instructions are often perceived as annoying and far too detailed. In addition, the usage of headphones to hear these instructions reduces the hearing and localization of environmental sounds significantly. Visual information on the other hand, draws the attention too much away from the main traffic situation. This effects the ability to react to and interact with other traffic participants and the surrounding and results in a feeling of insecurity.This thesis investigates how acoustic and vibro-tactile signals can be used to provide cyclists with necessary navigation instructions while maintaining the ability to perceive ambient sounds and keep attention to the environment. In addition, the focus is placed on the experience of guided navigation with a non-visual, multi-sensory system.
5

Worlds of Musics: Cognitive Ethnomusicological Inquiries on Experience of Time and Space in Human Music-making

Cheong, Yong Jeon 30 August 2019 (has links)
No description available.

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