• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 199
  • 50
  • 45
  • 40
  • 20
  • 16
  • 13
  • 6
  • 6
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • Tagged with
  • 518
  • 101
  • 99
  • 98
  • 58
  • 56
  • 55
  • 53
  • 48
  • 46
  • 45
  • 42
  • 35
  • 34
  • 32
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
161

Συστήματα καύσης με περιδίνιση : επίδραση εξωτερικής παράλληλης ροής σε μια περιδινούμενη δέσμη εκροής

Γιανναδάκης, Αθανάσιος 27 April 2009 (has links)
Η διδακτορική διατριβή αφορά την πειραματική μελέτη του ισόθερμου ροϊκού πεδίου που αναπτύσσεται λόγω της αλληλεπίδρασης μιας περιδινούμενης δέσμης με μια εξωτερική παράλληλη ροή. Η συγκεκριμένη μελέτη έχει άμεση αναφορά σε διατάξεις καύσης (στροβιλοκινητήρες, φούρνους υαλουργίας, καυστήρες ντίζελ σε πλοία) και ως στόχο έχει την εμβάθυνση της κατανόησης των φυσικών μηχανισμών που αναπτύσσονται στο μέσο και τυρβώδες ροϊκό πεδίο αλλά και στη βελτίωση της διαδικασίας μίξης μεταξύ καυσίμου και οξειδωτικού μέσω του χαρακτηρισμού του τρισδιάστατου διατμητικού στρώματος που δημιουργείται λόγω της αλληλεπίδρασης τους. Αναλυτικότερα, στα πλαίσια της παρούσης διδακτορικής διατριβής μελετώνται διαφορετικές συνθήκες αλληλεπίδρασης (λόγος παροχής μαζών) μεταξύ μιας εσωτερικής περιδινούμενης δέσμης εκροής και μια εξωτερικής ομοαξονικής ροής. Η δημιουργία της περιδίνησης βασίζεται στην εφαπτομενική έγχυση ρευστού, μια τεχνική της οποίας τα ιδιαίτερα χαρακτηριστικά έχουν μελετηθεί ελάχιστα στη μέχρι τώρα βιβλιογραφία. Το υπό μελέτη ροϊκό πεδίο παρουσιάζει ιδιαίτερο ενδιαφέρον τόσο ως προς την πολυπλοκότητα του όσο και ως προς τη διερεύνηση παραμέτρων που επηρεάζουν την απόδοση συστημάτων καύσης. Το κύριο σκέλος αποτελεσμάτων που παρουσιάζεται στην παρούσα διατριβή αφορά πειραματικές μετρήσεις οι οποίες πραγματοποιήθηκαν με τη μέθοδο Ταχυμετρίας Απεικόνισης Σωματιδίων (Digital Particle Image Velocimetry). Παρ’ όλα αυτά, στα πλαίσια του σχεδιασμού της πειραματικής διάταξης και της αρχικής αξιολόγησης του ροϊκού πεδίου, παρουσιάζονται αποτελέσματα τα οποία προέκυψαν με τη χρήση εμπορικού κώδικα Υπολογιστικής Ρευστοδυναμικής (CFD-ACE+) και με την πειραματική μέθοδο Ανεμομετρίας Θερμού Νήματος διάταξης Χ (HWA-X probe). Τα αποτελέσματα που προέκυψαν κατά πρώτα στάδια υλοποίησης της διδακτορικής διατριβής συσχετίζονται με αυτά της Ταχυμετρίας Απεικόνισης Σωματιδίων, επιτρέποντας είτε την αξιολόγηση των διάφορων τυρβωδών μοντέλων και διαφορικών σχημάτων των εξισώσεων κίνησης ή την επιβεβαίωση των συμπερασμάτων μέσω της σύγκρισης των αποτελεσμάτων των δύο πειραματικών μεθόδων. Στα πλαίσια της διδακτορικής διατριβής γίνεται αναφορά και σύγκριση με παρόμοιες διατάξεις ομοαξονικών ροών, ενώ προκύπτουν νέα στοιχεία σχετικά με τα κριτήρια ομοιότητας ομοαξονικών ροών με περιδίνηση και τους φυσικούς μηχανισμούς που αναπτύσσονται στο τρισδιάστατο στρώμα μίξης που διαμορφώνεται. Ιδιαίτερη έμφαση δίδεται στη σύνδεση της τοπολογίας του πεδίου ανακυκλοφορίας (φυσαλίδα ανακυκλοφορίας, στροβιλιζόμενος δακτύλιος) με τη δυναμική του μέσου και τυρβώδους ροϊκού πεδίου αλλά και στην επίδραση της μεταβολής του αριθμού Rossby στην ίδια τη φυσαλίδα ανακυκλοφορίας. Από την ανάλυση επίδρασης της φυσαλίδας ανακυκλοφορίας στο ροϊκό πεδίο προκύπτει η τοπολογία των ζωνών υψηλής μίξης μεταξύ των δύο ροών αλλά και αυτών που χαρακτηρίζονται από υψηλές τιμές τυρβώδους κινητικής ενέργειας όπως και από υψηλά επίπεδα ανακυκλοφορίας. Η μελέτη των χαρακτηριστικών του τρισδιάστατου διατμητικού στρώματος καταδεικνύει την ισχυρή αλληλεπίδραση του διαμήκους με το αζιμουθιακό διατμητικό στρώμα και παρέχει σημαντική πληροφορία ως προς την εξέλιξη της μίξης μεταξύ της περιδινούμενης δέσμης εκροής και της εξωτερικής ομοαξονικής ροής. Για την καλλίτερη κατανόηση της διαδικασίας μίξης εισαγάγεται ο συντελεστής διάχυσης στροφορμής (λ) ο οποίος παρέχει σημαντική πληροφορία ως προς την εξέλιξη της περιδινούμενης δέσμης εκροής σε σχέση με τις συνθήκες εισαγωγής του ροϊκού πεδίου. Τέλος, επιχειρείται η αναπαράσταση του τρισδιάστατου ροϊκού πεδίου από την επαλληλία των αποτελεσμάτων στο διαμήκες και εγκάρσιο επίπεδο μετρήσεων, όπου απεικονίζεται η τοπολογία της φυσαλίδας ανακυκλοφορίας. Από τη μελέτη των αποτελεσμάτων προκύπτει ότι η κλασική προσέγγιση ταξινόμησης ροών με περιδίνηση σύμφωνα με το βαθμό στροβιλισμού δεν επαρκεί για σύνθετες ροές όπως αυτή που εξετάζεται στην παρούσα διατριβή. Για αυτό το λόγο, προτείνεται ένας νέος αδιάστατος αριθμός (αριθμός Rossby) ο οποίος σχετίζει το πεδίο πιέσεων που δημιουργείται λόγω της συμπαράσυρσης της εσωτερικής δέσμης από την εξωτερική με αυτό που οφείλεται στην περιδίνηση της εσωτερικής δέσμης εκροής. Η εισαγωγή του τροποποιημένου αριθμού Rossby βασίστηκε στην ήδη υπάρχουσα βιβλιογραφία (σύγκριση δυνάμεων αδράνειας με τις δυνάμεις επιτάχυνσης Coriolis) ως προς την επιλογή των κλιμάκων ταχύτητας, παρ’ όλα αυτά διαφοροποιείται μιας και στην ήδη υπάρχουσα θεωρία δεν υπάρχουν αναφορές σε ομοαξονικές ροές. / In this work the isothermal flow field generated by the interaction of an internal swirling jet with an external parallel flow is experimentally investigated with the use of 2D Digital Particle Image Velocimetry. Swirl is produced through tangential injection of air. Parametric change of inlet flow rates (constant tangential injection with change of annular flow and vice versa) is being considered in order to study the mean and turbulent flow field. Coaxial swirling jets are widely used in combustion systems as they enhance fuel and oxidant mixing and flame stabilization. Amongst well known features of introducing swirl in jet flows (increase of jet growth, entrainment and decay), highly swirling jets have been studied in combustion configurations as they impose radial and axial pressure gradients generating an internal toroidal recirculation zone, a phenomenon known as “vortex breakdown”. The complex structure of vortex breakdown has been a challenging issue for experimentalists over the past few decades emphasizing on its effect on aerodynamic and mixing attributes of combustion flow fields. Focusing on the study of coaxial swirling jets, rather limited data has been presented up to now, regarding the topology and turbulent attributes of the flow field created by coaxial jets with inner and/or outer swirl. Following previous work on coaxial swirling jets with inner or outer swirl and coaxial jets without swirl which lead to recirculation, a sufficient need for a deeper understanding of the physical mechanisms developing in such complex flow fields, comes up. This Thesis stands as an attempt to present the main features of such a complex flow field, which results from the interaction of a typical swirling jet undergoing “vortex breakdown” with an outer annular flow with “back step flow” characteristics. An analysis of the mean and turbulent flow statistics is presented, correlating flow field mechanisms with the three dimensional shear layer characteristics and the topology of the recirculating flow field (recirculation bubble, vortex ring). Research on vortex breakdown phenomena has led to a parallel research on the critical parameters that could determine whether vortex breakdown will occur. The definition of non-dimensional parameters (Swirl/ Rossby number etc), mainly based on the correlation of axial and azimuthal velocities or momenta, has been an issue of scientific interest that has often led to different approaches and criteria for vortex breakdown prediction. Additionally, it is seen through literature review that predicting vortex breakdown is not by itself adequate to characterize the mean and turbulent features of the recirculating flow field. In the case of coaxial jets, with or without swirl, previous studies have shown that the flow field created is strongly affected not only by the velocity or mass flow ratio of the jets but also by the absolute values of the jets’ velocities or the velocity jump between the two streams. For the case of coaxial swirling jets it is apparent that the interaction between the shear layers (mainly azimuthal and axial) is the key to understand the features of such a complex flow field. Through the similarity study conducted within this Thesis, a modified Rossby number is proposed as a parameter sufficient to describe the flow field’s trends. The modified Rossby number correlates the pressure drop due to fluid entrainment to that due to the rotation of the inner swirling jet. Presentation of the experimental results breaks down into two main sections; the first one where the effect of inlet conditions on the recirculating flow field mean and turbulent characteristics is discussed and the second one dealing with the interaction between the azimuthal and longitudinal shear layer. Through the analysis of the recirculation bubble effect on flow field attributes, emphasis is given into the characterization of intense mixing and turbulence regions. Additionally, the interaction between the azimuthal and longitudinal shear layer is studied through a similarity approach, utilizing boundary layer non-dimensional scales. Finally, mixing between the two flows is studied in terms of angular momentum diffusion by introducing a non dimensional parameter (λ). Results show a global effect of the proposed Rossby number on the flow field attributes, such as the recirculation bubble length and flow characteristics and the mixing of the two flows.
162

Self-defeating behaviour, personal rules and social norms.

Govender, Rakal. January 2011 (has links)
This dissertation explores Ainslie's account of self-defeating behaviour as portrayed in Breakdown of Will (2001). Self-defeating behaviour can be described as voluntarily doing that which we know we are going to end up regretting (Ainslie 2001:3). It is puzzling why anyone would willingly choose to behave in such an ill-rewarding manner of which they know the negative consequences it will bear prior to them engaging in that behaviour; yet, at the same time, it is also fascinating, as despite it being behaviour people know that they are undoubtedly going to regret; many can claim to have fallen prey to it. Exploring this weakness of self-defeating behaviour, I refer to Ainslie's explanation of the phenomenon and his suggestions regarding possible strategies for curbing it. One of the strategies Ainslie suggests against self-defeating behaviour is personal rules (also known as the will), which he argues is a form of intertemporal bargaining between the successive interests, or temporal stages of the self (Ainslie 2001:78-85). Although, for the most part, his description is quite detailed, comparing our successive selves to players in an iterated prisoner’s dilemma game, there are limitations in his explanation as he seems, for one, not to consider some of the conditions for cooperation associated to the concept of an iterated prisoners' dilemma game. I, thus, turn to social norm theorist, Bicchieri's The Grammar of society (2006), in an attempt at an improved illustration of personal rules beyond its comparison to an iterated prisoner's dilemma game. I note similarities between social norms (Bicchieri) and personal rules (Ainslie) such that the reasons we follow social norms could be analogous to the reasons behind us following certain personal rules. But Bicchieri's description of social norms can be explained in a more general way, which I suggest may be a better framework for thinking about the will than an iterated prisoner's dilemma. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.
163

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF MACRO SWITCHED IMPEDANCE MOTORS

Johnson, Weston C. 01 January 2011 (has links)
For present day global economies energy use is the single most important criteria determining a nation’s wealth and sustainability. The global energy needs are met primarily by fossil fuels which are of finite supply. One means to extend the life span of the fossil fuel reserves has been to improve the efficiency of existing systems including generation, storage, usage etc., as a means of conservation. This dissertation investigates a motor technology that promises to complement existing conservation techniques. Given advances in high voltage power semiconductors, manufacturing techniques and materials research this dissertation evaluates the potential of the switched impedance motor (SIM), a type of electrostatic motor (ESM), as an efficient alternative to induction machines. Starting with a broad look at how force can be created using electrical means, this dissertation reviews the contributions of prior art, details their inhibitors and develops analytic expressions that allow these inhibitors to be overcome. Using these analytic expressions as design tools allows future SIM designers to realize this motor topology’s potential as a highly efficient machine and a global tool for energy conservation.
164

A STUDY ON ATOMICALLY THIN ULTRA SHORT CONDUCTING CHANNELS, BREAKDOWN, AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

Sundararajan, Abhishek 01 January 2015 (has links)
We have developed a novel method of producing ultra-short channel graphene field effect devices on SiO2 substrates and have studied their electrical transport properties. A nonlinear current behavior is observed coupled with a quasi-saturation effect. An analytical model is developed to explain this behavior using ballistic transport, where the charge carriers experience minimal scattering. We also observe multilevel resistive switching after the device is electrically stressed. In addition, we have studied the evolution of the electrical transport properties of few-layer graphene during electrical breakdown. We are able to significantly increase the time scale of break junction formation, and we are able to observe changes occurring close to breakdown regime. A decrease in conductivity along with p−type doping of the graphene channel is observed as the device is broken. The addition of structural defects generated by thermal stress caused by high current densities is attributed to the observed evolution of electrical properties during the process of breakdown. We have also studied the effects of the local environment on graphene devices. We encapsulate graphene with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polymer and study the electrical transport through in situ measurements. We have observed an overall decrease in doping level after low-temperature annealing in dry-nitrogen, indicating that the solvent in the polymer plays an important role in doping. For few-layer encapsulated graphene devices, we observe stable n−doping. Applying the solvent onto encapsulated devices demonstrates enhanced hysteretic switching between p and n−doped states.
165

Reasons Of Delays In Steel Construction Projects: An Application Of A Delay Analysis Methodology

Besogul, Ercan 01 April 2006 (has links) (PDF)
Delay is one of the most common problems in the steel construction industry. At the time of bidding steel contractors plan tasks and assign resources according to the site visits, the information given in the contract and specifications related with the project. However, as the project progresses some conditions of the work may change. These changes may affect originally planned means and methods. Finally, the affected activities cause the project total cost and duration to increase. In steel construction projects, if not managed properly in accordance with the contract, changes are likely to result in claims between the project participants. In this study, a delay analysis methodology which is based on time impact analysis is proposed. The aim of this methodology is to quantify impacts of work changes on the schedule and cost of steel construction projects and identify the responsible parties for these changes. A risk breakdown structure is presented to help decision-makers to identify probable sources of risk factors that usually result in time and cost overruns. The potential sources of change are categorized into 3 groups: contractor-related, owner-related and external factors. By using this structure, contractors may classify changes and assign the impacts of changes to the appropriate parties. The proposed methodology comprises of 3 steps: identification and quantification of delays, allocation of these delays to responsible parties and using TIA to calculate overall impact of changes on time and cost. The major benefits of this methodology are / a) its ability to handle and quantify changes in a step by step procedure, b) it provides a graphical representation of actual progress, and c) it helps decision-makers to give reliable decisions by monitoring the impact of changes during the project&amp / #8217 / s life cycle. Construction professionals may use it to apportion impact of changes in a systematic and reliable way. Moreover, reports generated by using this methodology can provide evidence during the claim management process. An application of this methodology on a steel project demonstrates the superiority of the process in explaining the dynamic nature of changes and in apportioning the impacts between different parties in a systematic way.
166

Numerical Simulations of Long Spark and Lightning Attachment

Arevalo, Liliana January 2011 (has links)
The research work presented here is concerned with numerical simulations of two different electrical phenomena: Long gap electrical discharges under switching impulses and the lightning attachment process associated with positive upward leaders. The development of positive upward leaders and the progression of discharges in long gaps are attributable to two intertwined physical phenomena, namely, the leader channel and the streamer zone. The physical description and the proposed calculations of the above-mentioned phenomena are based on experimental tests conducted in long spark gaps. The methodology presented here proposes a new geometrical approximation for the representation of the streamer and the calculation of the accumulated electrical charge. Furthermore, two different approaches to representing the leader channel are applied and compared. Statistical delays before the inception of the first corona, and random distributions to represent the tortuous nature of the path taken by the leader channel were included based on the behavior observed in experimental tests, with the intention of ensuring the discharge behaved in a realistic manner. A reasonable agreement was found between the physical model and the experimental test results. A model is proposed to simulate the negative discharges produced by switching impulses using the methodology developed to simulate positive leader discharges and the physics underlying the negative leader phenomena. The validation of the method demonstrated that phenomena such as the pilot leader and negative leader currents are successfully represented. In addition, based on previous work conducted on the physics of lightning and the lightning attachment process, a new methodology is developed and tested. In this new approach, the background electric field and the ionized region, considered in conjunction with the advance of the leader segment, are computed using a novel method. The proposed methodology was employed to test two engineering methods that are accepted in international standards, the mesh method and the electro-geometrical method. The results demonstrated that the engineering approximations are consistent with the physical approach. In addition to the electrical phenomena mentioned above, one should remember that, to simplify the calculation, there are certain real effects arising from the lightning attachment process that have not been considered. In fact, when a structure is subjected to a strong electric field, it is possible to generate multiple upward leaders from that structure. This effect has not been taken into account in the numerical models available previously, and therefore the process of generating multiple upward leaders incepted over a structure is incorporated here. The results have shown that a slight advantage from the background electric field is enough for one upward connecting leader to take over, thereby forcing the others to abort the attachment process.
167

Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy investigation of line profiles, slurries and artifical [sic] neural network prediction /

Oh, Seong Yong, January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Physics and Astronomy. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.
168

Interface engineering and reliability characteristics of HfO₂ with poly Si gate and dual metal (Ru-Ta alloy, Ru) gate electrode for beyond 65nm technology

Kim, Young-Hee, Lee, Jack Chung-Yeung, January 2004 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2004. / Supervisor: Jack C. Lee. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
169

Μελέτη στοχαστικών μοντέλων για τη μελέτη της τάσης διάσπασης διάκενων με σύνθετη μόνωση

Λάσκος, Γεώργιος 13 September 2011 (has links)
Σκοπός της παρούσης διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η μελέτη στοχαστικών μοντέλων για τη μελέτη της τάσης διάσπασης διακένων με σύνθετη μόνωση. Αρχικά, περιγράψαμε τη συμπεριφορά των υγρών σε ισχυρά ηλεκτρικά πεδία. Μιλήσαμε για την εξάρτηση της πίεσης από ένα ηλεκτρικό πεδίο και την ηλεκτρική αγωγιμότητα σε ένα ισχυρό ηλεκτρικό πεδίο. Ακόμα, αναφέραμε κάποιες πληροφορίες για την κατανομή της πίεσης σε ένα διηλεκτρικό υγρό. Μετά περιγράψαμε τη συμπεριφορά της αέριας φάσης των υγρών σε ισχυρά ηλεκτρικά πεδία. Μιλήσαμε για το ρόλο των φυσαλίδων στην κατάσταση του διηλεκτρικού υγρού και για τα φαινόμενα που συμβαίνουν σ' αυτές. Αργότερα, δώσαμε κάποιες πληροφορίες για τη διάδοση της εκφόρτισης σε μικρά διάκενα και αναφέραμε την εξάρτησή της από την πίεση. Επιπλέον, αναλύσαμε τη διάδοση της εκφόρτισης σε διάκενα με ανομοιογενές πεδίο. Περιγράψαμε την κατασκευή μιας εκφόρτισης και την επίδραση του στερεού διηλεκτρικού στην τάση διάσπασης. Ακόμη, δώσαμε πληροφορίες για την περιοχή ιονισμού και το κανάλι leader. Στη συνέχεια, αναλύσαμε την εξάρτηση της διηλεκτρικής αντοχής από ορισμένους παράγοντες. Οι παράγοντες στους οποίους αναφερθήκαμε είναι: η διάρκεια, η μορφή και η συχνότητα των παλμών τάσης, η πολικότητα της τάσης, η πίεση, η θερμοκρασία, η χημική φύση και σύνθεση των υγρών και η γεωμετρία του διακένου. Επίσης, αναλύσαμε τους φυσικούς μηχανισμούς έναρξης εκφόρτισης. Περιγράψαμε το μηχανισμό έναρξης εκφόρτισης με τη βοήθεια φυσαλίδων και κάποιους άλλους μηχανισμούς όπως τους μηχανισμούς έναρξης εκφόρτισης με ιονισμούς. Αργότερα, αναφέραμε τους μηχανισμούς διάδοσης εκφόρτισης. Έγινε περιγραφή της διαδικασίας διάδοσης του γρήγορου καναλιού και του αργού καναλιού. Ακόμα, μιλήσαμε για τη μετατροπή του αρχικού καναλιού σε leader. Στη συνέχεια, κάναμε μια εκτενή εισαγωγή στα στοχαστικά μοντέλα και αναφερθήκαμε στη χρησιμότητα τους, στις διάφορες κατηγορίες τους και στην εφαρμογή τους στον τομέα των ηλεκτρικών διασπάσεων. Για το λόγο αυτό, περιγράψαμε τις βασικές αρχές για το μοντέλο FFC και το μοντέλο του Biller. Μετά από όλα αυτά, αναλύσαμε τη διαδικασία που ακολουθήσαμε κατά τις εξομοιώσεις. Κάναμε λεπτομερή περιγραφή του προγράμματος που χρησιμοποιήσαμε για τις εξομοιώσεις. Οι εξομοιώσεις έγιναν για 2 διάκενα 2,5mm ομοιογενούς και ανομοιογενούς πεδίου και 2 διάκενα 1,5mm ομοιογενούς και ανομοιογενούς πεδίου. Κατά τις εξομοιώσεις το πάχος του φράγματος θεωρήθηκε σταθερό, ενώ μεταβάλαμε τη θέση του και το συντελεστή γήρανσης του λαδιού. Για τα διάκενα ομοιογενούς πεδίου, τοποθετήσαμε το φράγμα σε 3 διαφορετικές θέσεις και για τα διάκενα ανομοιογενούς διακένου τοποθετήσαμε το φράγμα σε 5 διαφορετικές θέσεις. Οι εξομοιώσεις πραγματοποιήθηκαν σε υπολογιστή του Εργαστηρίου Υψηλών Τάσεων του τμήματος Ηλεκτρολόγων Μηχανικών και Τεχνολογίας Υπολογιστών του Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών. Επιπλέον, παραθέσαμε σε πίνακες τα αποτελέσματα που προέκυψαν από τις εξομοιώσεις. Στη συνέχεια κατασκευάσαμε διαγράμματα, για να καταλήξουμε σε κάποια συμπεράσματα. Για τα διάκενα ομοιογενούς πεδίου, σχεδιάσαμε την τάση V συναρτήσει του gi για τις διάφορες θέσεις του φράγματος. Για τα διάκενα ανομοιογενούς πεδίου, σχεδιάσαμε την τάση V συναρτήσει της σχετικής απόστασης (d1/d) του φράγματος από το πάνω ηλεκτρόδιο για διάφορες τιμές του gi. Έγινε σύγκριση μεταξύ των καμπυλών που προέκυψαν για τα διάκενα ανομοιογενούς πεδίου, με καμπύλη που προέκυψε από πειραματικά δεδομένα και βρίσκεται στο “Barrier Effect on the Dielectric Strength of Oil Gaps under DC Voltage” των A. Zouaghi και Α. Beroual. Στη συνέχεια, σχεδιάσαμε την τάση V συναρτήσει της σχετικής απόστασης (d1/d) του φράγματος από το πάνω ηλεκτρόδιο για διάφορες τιμές του gi, για τα διάκενα ομοιογενούς και ανομοιογενούς πεδίου μαζί. Τέλος, μετά τις συγκρίσεις διαπιστώσαμε ότι τα αποτελέσματά μας συμφωνούν μόνο σε κάποιες περιπτώσεις με τα πειραματικά δεδομένα. Αυτό συμβαίνει λόγω της απλότητας των μοντέλων και ίσως μηχανισμών που δεν έχουν συνυπολογιστεί. Οπότε, συμπεράναμε ότι το μοντέλο που χρησιμοποιήσαμε, απαιτεί βελτίωση. / The purpose of this diploma thesis is the study of stochastic models about the breakdown voltage of complex insulation gaps. Initially, we described the behavior of liquids in strong electric fields. We mentioned the dependence of the pressure on an electric field and electric conductivity in strong electric fields. We reported some information about the pressure distribution in a dielectric liquid. Afterwards, we described the behavior of gaseous phase in liquids in strong electric fields. We reported the influence of the bubbles in the state in the dielectric liquids and the phenomena at them. Later, we gave some information about the discharge propagation in short gaps and we refered its dependence on the pressure. Moreover, we analyzed the discharge propagation in gaps with a non uniform field. We described the structure of a discharge and the influence of the solid dielectric on the breakdown voltage. Also, we gave information about the ionization region and the leader channel. Afterwards, we analyzed the dependence of the dielectric strength on certain factors. The factors in which we were reported are: the duration, the shape and the frequency of voltage pulses, the voltage polarity, the pressure, the temperature, the chemical nature of liquids and the gap geometry. Also, we analyzed the physical discharge initiation mechanisms. We described the bubble discharge initiation mechanism and some other mechanisms like the ionization discharge initiation mechanism.Later, we mentioned the mechanisms of discharge propagation. We described the propagation process of the fast and the slow channel. Also, we were reported in the conversion of the initial channel into leader channel. Afterwards, we did an extensive import in the stochastic models and were reported in their usefulness, in their various categories and in their application in the sector of electric breakdown. For this reason, we described the basic elements of the FFC and the Biller model. After all these we analyzed the process that we followed at the simulations. We did a detailed description of the program used for the simulations. We did simulations for 2 gaps 2,5mm uniform and non uniform field and 2 gaps 1,5mm uniform and non uniform gaps. During the simulations, the barrier thickness was considered stable, while we were changing the position and the factor of ageing of the oil. For the uniform field gaps, we placed the barrier in 3 different positions and for the non uniform gaps, we placed the barrier in 5 different positions. The simulations were realised at computer at High Voltage Laboratory of the department of Electrical and Computer Engineering of the University of Patras, Greece. Moreover, we mentioned in tables the results that resulted from the simulations. Then, we drew diagrams to make some conclusions. For the uniform field gaps, we drew the voltage V as a function of the factor of ageing of the oil gi for the various positions of the barrier. For the non uniform field gaps, we drew the voltage V as a function of the relative distance (d1/d) of the barrier from the upper electrode for the various numbers of gi. We did comparison between the curves that resulted for the non uniform gaps and the curve tht resulted for experimental data and is found in “ Barrier Effect on the Dielectric Strength of Oil Gaps under DC Voltage” of A. Zouaghi and Α. Beroual. Afterwards, we drew the voltage V as a function of the relative distance (d1/d) of the barrier from the upper electrode for the various numbers of gi, for both uniform and non uniform gaps. Finally, after the comparisons we realised that the results agree only in some cases with the experimental data. This may happened because of the simplicity of the models and perhaps mechanisms that have not been included. So, we concluded that the model that we used, need improvement.
170

Breakdown Voltage of Compressed Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) at Very Low Frequency / Low Frequency (30 kHz)

January 2010 (has links)
abstract: The U.S. Navy is interested in evaluating the dielectric performance of SF6 at 30 kHz in order to develop optimal bushing designs and to ensure reliable operation for the Very Low Frequency/ Low Frequency (VLF/LF) transmitting stations. The breakdown experiments of compressed SF6 at 30 kHz in the pressure range of 1-5 atm were conducted in both the uniform field (plane-plane gap) and the non-uniform field (rod-plane gap). To understand the impact of pressure on the breakdown voltage of SF6 at VLF/LF, empirical models of the dielectric strength of SF6 were derived based on the experimental data and regression analysis. The pressure correction factors that present the correlation between the breakdown voltage of SF6 at VLF/LF and that of air at 50/60 Hz were calculated. These empirical models provide an effective way to use the extensively documented breakdown voltage data of air at 60 Hz to evaluate the dielectric performance of SF6 for the design of VLF/LF high voltage equipment. In addition, several breakdown experiments and similar regression analysis of air at 30 kHz were conducted as well. A ratio of the breakdown voltage of SF6 to that of air at VLF/LF was calculated, from which a significant difference between the uniform gap and the non-uniform gap was observed. All the models and values provide useful information to evaluate and predict the performance of the bushings in practice. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Electrical Engineering 2010

Page generated in 0.0333 seconds