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This final project is made as a Minor Field Study in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world and this is reflected in the way they live. Many people live in simple houses made out of mud, but the house that have been studied for this final project are a luxurious house from a Tanzanian perspective. The company that builds these houses are National Housing Corporation and it is this company that have provided drawings, information and educational visits. The purpose of this project is to gain knowledge about how a Tanzanian twostorey family house is constructed and designed. The aim is to evaluate if Swedish knowledge in building technique can be implemented to a Tanzanian two-storey family house concerning the climate, building structure and eco friendly construction. To be able to carry through with this final project a Minor Field Study has been executed in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. During the field study educational visits, interviews and own observations has been made. By studying the drawings, read the interviews and look at photographs that were taken at the site several conclusions have been made. The foundation is the thing that differ the most from a Swedish villa. The slab is cast on underground walls and has only a mould around. Since it does not have a mould underneath the concrete can mix with the limestones and the drainage function is destroyed. The concrete strip that is placed underneath the underground walls has a damp proof membrane underneath which should be placed over the entire foundation structure. The roof is constructed by trusses and rafters in small dimensions. The dimensions could be increased to enlarge the distance between them. The windows are equipped with grilles that should protect from break-ins but also makes it harder to get out in case of fire. The upper slab is merged with the balconies and the balconies do not have an inclination out from the house. This could cause damages on the structure if water is stored there. The walls are made out of concrete which is the best material concerning the climate. To get an even better indoor climate the walls and the rest of the structure could be isolated so energy can be saved when the air conditioner is used. Tanzanian do not think in an eco friendly way but in this question a lot of improvements could be made. From a Swedish perspective there are a lot of things that can be improved on the studied house to get a more sustainable house concerning the structure, climate and eco friendly. / Detta examensarbete har gjorts som en Minor Field Study i Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Tanzania är ett av de fattigaste länderna i världen och detta återspeglas i deras sätt att bo. Många människor bor i enkla hus gjorda av lera men huset som har studerats för detta examensarbete är ett lyxigt hus sätt ur ett tanzaniskt perspektiv. Företaget som bygger dessa hus är National Housing Corporation och är det bolag som har lämnat ritningar, information och ordnat studiebesök. Syftet med detta projekt är att få kunskap om hur en tanzanisk tvåvåningsvilla byggs och utformas. Målet är att utvärdera om svenska kunskaper i byggnadsteknik kan implementeras på en tanzanisk tvåvåningsvilla med hänseende till konstruktionen, klimatet och miljövänlig konstruktion. För att kunna genomföra detta examensarbete har en Minor Field Study gjorts i Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Under fältstudien har studiebesök, intervjuer och egna observationer gjorts. Genom att studera ritningar, läsa gjorda intervjuer och titta på fotografier som togs på plats har flera slutsatser gjorts. Grundkonstruktionen är det som skiljer sig mest från en svensk villa. Plattan är gjuten på underjordiska väggar och har bara en gjutform runt om. Eftersom det inte finns någon form under kan betongen blandas med kalkstenen och dräneringsfunktionen kan då förstöras. Betongdelen som är placerad under de underjordiska väggarna har en fuktspärr som också borde placeras över resten av grundkonstruktionen. Taket är konstruerat av takstolar och takbjälkar i små dimensioner. De små dimensionerna resulterar i att takstolarna och takbjälkarna måste sitta tätare än om de skulle ha haft större dimensioner. Fönstren är försedda med galler som ska skydda från inbrott, men de gör det också svårare att komma ut i händelse av brand. Det övre bjälklaget är hopgjutet med balkongerna och balkongerna har inte någon lutning ut från huset. Detta kan orsaka skador på konstruktionen om vatten samlas där. Väggarna är gjorda av betong som är det bästa materialet ur klimatsynpunkt. För att få ännu bättre inomhusklimat kan väggarna och resten av konstruktionen isoleras mot värmen så att energi kan sparas när luftkonditioneringen används. Tanzanier tänker inte på ett miljövänligt sätt, och därför finns det en hel del förbättringar att göra på det här området. Ur ett svenskt perspektiv finns det mycket som kan förbättras på det studerade huset för att få ett mer hållbart hus med hänseende till konstruktionen, klimatet och miljövänlig konstruktion.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-18T12:12:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 7 Carla Fonseca dos Santos1.pdf: 2079076 bytes, checksum: 138ed570ec1aaa80c34e78ba4f06d40b (MD5) Carla Fonseca dos Santos2.pdf: 3448711 bytes, checksum: 96638a33c5bfa1b251bce1cf64c59c92 (MD5) Carla Fonseca dos Santos3.pdf: 3241339 bytes, checksum: 3f088df4c4774d1db7ed5c278d50a697 (MD5) Carla Fonseca dos Santos4.pdf: 2814882 bytes, checksum: a40433fe508c5c320301c1c09dbe8636 (MD5) Carla Fonseca dos Santos5.pdf: 2344329 bytes, checksum: 60b3153dde1acdf2bfcb9a03f81f45ae (MD5) Carla Fonseca dos Santos6.pdf: 3731220 bytes, checksum: 21e70f26dc3b84694698fe3d814a836c (MD5) Carla Fonseca dos Santos7.pdf: 2926329 bytes, checksum: 3b80c3976f2fc3e285677faef9b4c260 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Along the development of the architecture, the column has been the element among several others belonging to the structural process and to the development of architecture, playing a fundamental role and revealing different ages and cultural scenarios. Therefore, this work aims to establish the concept of column as paradigmatic architecture s element, which reveals technological, esthetical and constructive processes. Hence, the mentioned aspects raise some matters which are analyzed in this work, such as: the concept of column in the context of classical architecture, the column approach at renascence period, the innovative structural concepts of the columns during the Gothic and Byzantine ages, the framework of Gaudi with respect to the column in the context of his work, the column in the context of modern architecture, the pilotis as space widening elements and Oscar Niemeyer s notion of columns and pilotis. Furthermore, this work establishes the agreements and disagreements between the interpretation of column and pilots as symbolic elements along historical ages. Finally, the goal of this investigation is to come up with paradigms of analysis and problem identification, comparing the symbolic and structural employment of columns. Moreover, this work aims at unifying the comprehension on conceptual and practical impacts throughout history / No interior da arquitetura, dentre os elementos que participam de seu processo estrutural, as colunas desempenham papel fundamental e refletem épocas e espaços culturais distintos. Logo, o presente trabalho destina-se a estabelecer o conceito da coluna como elemento paradigmático da arquitetura, reveladora de processos tecnológicos, estéticos e construtivos. Nesse sentido, esses aspectos propõem algumas questões analisadas neste trabalho, como o conceito de coluna na Arquitetura Clássica, a tematização das colunas no Renascimento, os princípios estruturais inovadores para as colunas no Gótico e Bizâncio, os tratamentos dados por Gaudi às colunas em sua arquitetura, a coluna no contexto da Arquitetura Moderna, os pilotis como elementos de liberação de espaço e o tratamento apresentado por Oscar Niemeyer em sua obra sobre o conceito de colunas e pilotis. Além destas questões, este trabalho estabelece harmonias e atritos entre os conceitos de coluna e pilotis no decorrer do tempo, analisando estes elementos, enquanto elementos simbólicos da arquitetura. Esta pesquisa possui como objetivo levantar paradigmas de análise e produzir diagnóstico relacionando e comparando os sentidos simbólicos e estruturais do uso da coluna, visando a compreensão de impactos conceituais e práticos ao longo da história

Joel Mondo Kisekini, for the Master of Science degree in Civil Engineering, presented on March 25, 2022, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale.TITLE: EFFECT OF SIMULTANEOUS APPLICATION OF THE TWO HORIZONTAL ORTHOGONAL GROUND MOTION COMPONENTS ON THE SEISMIC BEHAVIOR OF BUILDINGSMAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. JALE TEZCAN During an earthquake, buildings are simultaneously excited by two horizontal and one vertical ground motion components. Modern seismic codes and guidelines such as ASCE/SEI 41-06 (Seismic rehabilitation of existing buildings, American Society of Civil Engineers), EUROCODE 8 (1998-1) (Design provisions for earthquake resistance of structures, European Committee for Standardization, 2003), FEMA 356 (Prestandard and Commentary for Seismic Rehabilitation of the Buildings) and FEMA P-2082 (NEHRP Recommended Seismic Provisions for new buildings and other structures) require the consideration of the effects of two horizontal orthogonal ground motions in seismic design of buildings. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to evaluate the simultaneous effect of two horizontal orthogonal ground motion components to seismic behavior of buildings. A four-story steel frame is modeled, and it is subjected to a set of twenty ground motion pairs recorded distances between x and y kilometer from epicenter. Three methods for combining peak response to individual component of ground motions is used to estimate the displacement responses. The combination rules used in this present study are 30%, SRSS, and 20%. The response of the four-story steel frame is investigated within the context of linear response history analysis and the results are compared to the peak responses obtained from time history analyses under bidirectional and unidirectional ground motion. The structural response includes the following parameters: nodal displacements and the critical angle of excitation. The output results showed that the maximum response under two components was, on average, 23 % more than the maximum response under a single component, and the two horizontal orthogonal seismic excitations increased the structure displacement response compared to unidirectional excitation.

Thesis "Facility management - efficient administration buildings" is focused on building objects and benefit for the use of facility management services. The work tries to explain what is facility management, who provide it in the Czech Republic and how it contributes to savings. Mentioned are also information technology used in facility management, because without those are nowadays almost any industry can do. The first part is also focused on the construction, its life cycle and associated costs. Defined is also building life cycle in the context of facility management, outsourcing, as an external facility management services and neglected nor legislation for facility management.

This master’s thesis deals with issues of faults and defects of building structures in residential real estate in terms of thermal technique. This thesis deals with their possible impact on the value of a residential real estate. In the theoretical part of this thesis, properties and quantities, which are used for an assessment of the building structures according to legislature, are described. Assessments of the steady state temperature are described closely. The thesis mentions usual sources and causes of faults and defects, which frequently occur. The possibilities of the non-destructive assessment of structures are also described. The reparability of faults or defects is related to the influence on the price of real estate. The practical part of the thesis deals with the value of a dwelling in an apartment house, which is affected by a fault manifesting surface condensation. An analyzed technical cause of this fault is described. Possible ways of remedying are shown, including the quantification of costs. The apartment is appraised in a faultless condition and afterwards the probable impact of this fault on the price of apartment is determined.

This master's thesis "Valuation of Damages to Building Structures" deals with valuation of defects and damages to buildings. It describes and explains what a damage and a defect are and how they are defined and valuated. The defects and damages are defined and practically valuated on a sample building. Overall interpretation is performed in the conclusion of the thesis.

The aim of this master’s thesis is comparing prices of building materials wi-thin the building structure in Czech Republic with prices in Poland. The first, theo-retical, part describes differences among the construction classifications and pri-ces. At the end of this theoretical part is written about price calculation of building materials. Specifically about creations of that calculations and comparing between Poland and Czech Republic. The second part is concentrated on created budget and mainly on his bill of materials. The result part is made by comparing of chosen building material pri-ces..

Diploma thesis introduces two different options for property valuation. With an emphasis on the different ownership of the apartment building. In the first case, the building seen as a whole and used the combination of yield and cost method of valuation. In the second case, a building is divided into individual residential units and valued method of comparison. Both methods are conducted in accordance with Decree No. 3 / 2008 digest Implement certain provisions of Act No. 151/1997 digest., Valuation of property and amending certain laws, as amended (Decree valuation), as follows of the changes made by Decree No. 456/2008 digest. and No. 460/2009 digest. In conclusion, the following derived values were compared and evaluated.