虛實整合商業模式及O2O模式等概念在市場上的應用不斷崛起，許多業者紛紛投入電商平台之經營，然在越來越多企業朝電子商務發展的同時，線上消費平台卻傳出一道警訊。目前，全球零售市場的規模在2016年約為22兆美元，其中，電商的份額僅佔了8.7%；即使到了2020年，7成以上市場份額仍由實體通路所把持，此現象催生了「全通路」時代的來臨。 許多人誤以為實體與網路是完全獨立的兩個世界，且兩個世界互相是此消彼長的，但其實不然。目前，實體店面與純電子商務單一的銷售模式已逐漸被打破且面臨僵固不前的窘境，而唯有打造全通路，落實虛實整合並打破通路間的界線，將兩邊的危機化為轉機才是突破現況的新解方。 「新零售革命」正在零售業者間展開，究竟如何同時經營實體店面與網路商店，並進行有效的虛實整合，對於純實體商店或純網路銷售商都是一大挑戰。而過去O2O模式相關文獻多聚焦於經營模式、商業策略上的改變，但在實務上如何實際應用以落實虛實整合仍未有所見。因此，本文將探討企業如何透過新興科技的導入來協助完善O2O模式之整合應用，並探究其行銷策略規劃以創造全通路之經營。 本文藉由瞭解所選擇之該產業極具代表性的實際企業個案騰訊以及燦坤，透過二者經營策略上的創新做法，來檢視其二運用Beacon技術於各市場階段的行銷策略決策，進而剖析管理者在運用物聯網產品於經營模式之思維，深入探究其對於虛實整合問題的見解與作法。 / Since The upgrading integration of Click and Mortar Business and O2O model, more and more companies tried to entry the online business. However, as an increasing number of enterprises got into the e-commerce, there came up a warning. The scale of the global retail market in 2016 was about 22 trillion US dollars, but the market shares of e-commerce only got 8.7%. Even by 2020, more than 70% of the market share will still hold by the physical channel, and this phenomenon let the “Omni-channel Retailing” idea showed up. Many people had mistaken the related worlds between the virtual and physical as completely independent. Actually, the only one side business model of physical store or e-commerce has been gradually broken, and the only way to create the new path is developing the omni-channel retailing method. To fully implement the click and mortar business model and break out the boundaries between the path, it’s the best cure for breakthrough the current situation. The "new retail revolution" is being launched between retailers, but how to operate the physical stores and the online stores simultaneously, it’s a big challenge for pure physical stores or online stores managers. Since past O2O model literatures were focus on the change of business model and business strategies, we haven’t seen the practical application to implement the click and mortar business method. Therefore, this paper will explore how enterprises improved the O2O model by importing new techs, and discovered its management of omni-channel retailing with marketing strategy. At last, by studying the innovative business strategy and the decision-making in each products stage of these two businesses Tencent and TSANN KUEN which selected in the industries. This paper will explore the thinking of the managers by using IOT products in their business model, and understand the insights of the click and mortar business model.

The development of IT has enabled the Internet of Things. Internet of Things is connected devices that communicate with each other and generate data that can then be used for different purposes. The number of connected devices is estimated to 20.4 billion by year 2020. The technology allows the automotive industry to connect its vehicles, which is called Internet of Vehicles, an application of the Internet of Things and intelligent cars. The amount of scientific literature that addresses the economic aspects related to the Internet of Things is scarce and need to be investigated further. The connected car is a disruptive technology that is expected to affect the automotive industry and their business models radically in the next few years and nobody really knows how the industry may look like the next 10-15 years. This type of disruptive technology requires companies to have the competence to implement innovative business models. The study focuses on the connected car from a business perspective and makes no insight into technical aspects or security challenges. The purpose of the study is to create an under-standing of the challenges facing the automotive business models with the introduction of the Internet of Things, which gives the automotive industry the opportunity to connect their cars to a greater extent than before. The study's results show that the value proposition and the channels are the most important parts to focus on in the business model. In order for companies to capitalize on the connection, it is extremely important that the customers understand the value of the connection and that the companies properly manage the information derived from the connected cars. Today, companies offer services or increased value in existing business models to strengthen their brand. The respondents share the opinion that the traditional business models will not change radically as long as the ownership of the car stay the same. Ownership and autonomous cars are the factors that are expected to affect the automotive industry the most. According to the respondents in the study, in order to deal with disruptive innovations in the industry, courage, adaptability, prospects and innovative thinking are required. / IT-utvecklingen har möjliggjort sakernas internet, Internet of Things. Internet of Things är uppkopplade enheter som kommunicerar med varandra och genererar data som sedan kan användas i olika syften. Antalet anslutna enheter beräknas att uppgå till 20,4 miljarder år 2020. Tekniken ger bilindustrin möjligheten att koppla upp sina fordon vilket benämns som Internet of Vehicles, en applikation av Internet of Things och intelligenta bilar. Vetenskaplig litteratur som tar upp de ekonomiska aspekterna i relation till Internet of Things är begränsad och behöver undersökas i större utsträckning. Den uppkopplade bilen är en disruptiv teknologi som förväntas påverka bilindustrin och deras affärsmodeller radikalt inom de närmaste åren och det är ingen som riktigt vet hur industrin kan komma att se ut de närmsta 10-15 åren. Denna typ av disruptiv teknologi kräver att företagen har kompetensen att implementera innovativa affärsmodeller. Studien fokuserar på den uppkopplade bilen ur ett affärsperspektiv och gör ingen fördjupning i tekniska aspekter eller säkerhetsutmaningar. Syftet med studien är att skapa förståelse för vilka utmaningar bilindustrins affärsmodeller står inför med introduktionen av Internet of Things som ger industrin möjligheten att koppla upp sina bilar i en större omfattning än tidigare. Studiens resultat visar att värdeerbjudandet och kanalerna är de viktigaste delarna att fokusera på i affärsmodellen. För att företagen ska kunna kapitalisera på uppkopplingen är det viktigt att kunderna förstår värdet av uppkoppling och att företagen förvaltar informationen från de uppkopplade bilarna på rätt sätt. Idag erbjuder företagen tjänster eller utökat värde i befintlig affärsmodell för att stärka sitt varumärke. Respondenterna delar uppfattningen om att de traditionella affärsmodellerna inte kommer förändras radikalt så länge ägandet av bilen inte gör en helomvändning. Ägandeskapet och autonoma bilar är de faktorer som förväntas påverka industrin störst. Respondenterna i studien nämner fyra viktiga egenskaper för att kunna hantera disruptiva innovationer i branschen, mod, anpassningsbarhet, framtidsutsikt och nytänkande.

Le Centre Technique des Industries Mécaniques constitue l’un des centres de compétences technologiques des Industries Mécaniques. Sa problématique est de déterminer le processus de management de la technologie nécessaire à sa mission d’appui à l’innovation.Après avoir caractérisé la mécanique dans une approche méso-économique, nous proposons un modèle d'activités du Centre de Compétences Technologiques, illustré par le modèle du Cetim. Sur cette base, le management de l'innovation est analysé comme la formalisation opérationnelle de la mission d’appui à l’innovation technologique du territoire technologique et géographique du Centre de Compétences Technologiques, à partir de l'outillage et des processus du management de la technologie.Le processus conduisant de l’idée au produit est décrit par 3 étapes : la formalisation de l’idée à l’objet, la faisabilité de l’idée vis-à-vis d’une première cible de marché et l’industrialisation. Ce modèle séquentiel a été complété par une modélisation globale reliant la stratégie avec la mise en oeuvre des projets d’innovation qui la concrétisent.Le processus de R&D comporte 4 étapes d’un cycle itératif : marketing technologique, gestion du portefeuille technologique, production de R&D et valorisation. Des indicateurs permettent d’évaluer les performances sur les 4 axes du modèle d’activités en s’appuyant sur la codification des projets d’innovation. Cette dernière peut être aussi utilisée pour suivre les évolutions du coeur de compétence. / The Technical Centre of Mechanical Engineering is one of the centres of technological competence in the Mechanical Industry. Its objective is to identify the process of management of the technology needed for its activity in innovation support.After having characterised mechanical industry in a meso economic approach, we propose a model of activity of the technological competence centre, illustrated by the Cetim example. On this basis, innovation management is analysed as a formalised operational process of the innovation support activity in the geographical and technological territory of the technological competence centre, using tools and processes of technology management.The process from idea to finished product is split into 3 steps: idea to object conception, feasibility regarding a first market target and industrialisation. This sequential model was completed by a global model which linked strategy to the implementation of an innovated project.R&D process is composed of 4 steps of a repeated cycle: technological marketing, management of the project portfolio, R&D production and enhanced value. Indicators help in evaluating performance on the 4 axes of the activity model using codification of innovation projects in the information system. This can be also used to follow core competence evolution.

The main goal of the thesis is to analyze a business project TamTam. The partial aim is to confirm respectively to refut the presumptions that were set by the co-founders of the project. Another goal is to evaluate the feasibility of the current strategic plan. If the current strategic plan shows to be unfeasible, an alternative strategic plan with a different business model will be proposed. The theoretical part describes the methods which are used in the practical part. The practical part analyzes the market with Vietnamese entrepreneurs. The companys financial position will also be evaluated with suggestions for improvement. In the last chapter, an alternative strategic plan is drafted and recommended. Analytical conclusion of the alternative strategic plan is measured against ROE, EVA, net present value and SWOT analysis.

The topic of this thesis is to analyze the business models currently used in the gaming industry. The aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current economic situation of the industry, distribution channels, used technologies and business practices from the perspective of all market participants. The theoretical part is due to less frequent topic devoted to the description of all entities of gaming industry. It analyzes not only all the actors involved in the development of video games and their subsequent sale but also the technical tools used to play games and also the players themselves. Video games are divided into two main streams (hardcore and casual) which also determine the structure and analysis. The analytical part focuses on capturing the most widely used business models and their combination for the sale of the video games. Models are then categorized into two groups (goods and services) and represent two different approaches to pricing scenarios. For each business model describes the basic principle, its pros and cons, the factors influencing the successful implementation and an example of the use of the model in practice. The analysis also includes the socio-economic profiles of two major market segments. In conclusion, based on the current developments and current trends in the field across the gambling industry the work tries to predict the future development of business models and for video games respectively. the whole industry.

The main focus of this diploma thesis is the characteristics of key aspects, which are important when designing, implementing and maintaining web application, whereas these aspects differ according to business model of the web application. The thesis reflects modern trends in the areas of web project management, UX, web design, E-Commerce process management etc. The thesis consists of the introduction, theoretical part, practical part and conclusion. In the introduction I present the reason for picking this topic, the more in-depth targets of the thesis, preconditions, restrictions, in-depth structure, sum-up the expected contribution and present research of the field. The theoretical part consists of the information about online business and introduction of the web applications. Furthermore, the key domains are presented with the new trends in different areas of web applications. In the practical part, at the beginning, there are categories of web applications defined, which are based on different business models introduced earlier. This part is followed by the comprehensive analysis in the field of web E-Commerce applications for each category of the web application, with the output of trends and best practices in the field according to each domain of the web application. It is then followed by the analysis of situation around web applications in general, because here were also some trends and best practice noticed. In conclusion I sum up the acquired results, introduce the contribution of the thesis and think about the situation around the web applications.

O marco regulatório do setor de saneamento no Brasil inseriu, em 2007, um novo regramento para operação dos serviços de abastecimento de água, coleta e tratamento de esgotos. As Agências Reguladoras instituídas pela legislação criam mecanismos econômico-financeiros visando induzir eficiência, eficácia e permitir apropriação social de ganhos de produtividade na prestação dos serviços públicos e na execução de atividades públicas de saneamento básico. No entanto, os modelos de negócio não atendem de forma satisfatória e homogênea todos os cidadãos, resultando-lhes em notórias disparidades no acesso aos serviços, em especial, nas áreas de vulnerabilidade social. Os impactos negativos dos assentamentos precários nas metrópoles refletem-se em custos aos sistemas ecológicos e humanos no ambiente urbano de países em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil. Em relação à universalização do acesso aos serviços de abastecimento de água e esgotamento sanitário em ambiente regulado e seus reflexos nos usuários, identificam-se mecanismos de exclusão provenientes do ordenamento jurídico. Direitos fundamentais aos serviços essenciais subordinam-se ao direito de propriedade e direito ambiental. O modelo de negócio para alcançar e manter a universalização do saneamento básico deve ser inovador para integrar demandas do cidadão em situação de exclusão social, por meio de governança que os considere, sem infringir legislações. Requer atuação articulada e integrada dos gestores do saneamento e setores correlatos com suas contribuições ao desenvolvimento urbano, que combine objetivos do atendimento com equacionamento dos problemas socioambientais, de forma a contribuir na tomada de decisão. A área de estudo foi a Região Metropolitana da Baixada Santista no Estado de São Paulo operada pela Companhia de Saneamento Básico - SABESP. Adotou-se procedimentos metodológicos multivariados contendo revisão bibliográfica, levantamento de melhores práticas sobre os arranjos institucionais; sistematização de dados públicos e privados; questionários aplicados a atores do setor e líderes das comunidades, entrevistas com atores estratégicos e gestores da concessionária, vistorias de domicílios representativos da área de estudo, oficinas de diagnóstico e construção participativa de um modelo inovador para universalização do saneamento. Adotou-se a Teoria Ator-rede para diagnóstico e mapeamento de controvérsias sociotécnicas e gaps de governança das áreas com populações vulneráveis. Os resultados inovadores foram: conceitos e indicadores de Universalização Inclusiva, Governança Inclusiva e Vulnerabilidade da concessão, modelo de estudo de viabilidade econômico-financeiro para a Cidade Informal por receita incremental com definição dos conceitos de volume excedente e receita acessória, modelo de equacionamento jurídico e de gestão. Têm-se como resultados: mapa de controvérsias da universalização; e Plano de Negócio Inclusivo - PNI, software de projeções e simulações de planejamento para a Cidade Informal e Modelo Inclusivo de Institucional. / In 2007, the regulatory framework for the sanitation sector in Brazil entered in 2007, new rules for the operation of water supply services, collection and sewage treatment. Regulatory Agencies established by legislation create economic and financial mechanisms to set efficiency, effectiveness and allow social appropriation of productivity gains in the provision of public services and implementation of public activities sanitation. It becomes key opportunity against the current context, because the business models do not meet satisfactorily and homogeneously all citizens, leading them into notorious disparities in access to services, especially in the areas of vulnerability. The negative impacts of human activities misaligned the concept of quality of life and basic human rights are reflected in costs to ecological systems and humans, that is a reality still quite evident in the urban environment in developing countries like Brazil. Regarding for universal access to water supply and sanitation, adequate provision and its consequences to users, they identify mechanisms of exclusion from the legal system. Fundamental rights to essential services subordinate to the right to property and environmental law. The business model for achieving and maintaining universal sanitation must be innovative to integrate citizen demands for universal in regulated environment, through governance without infringing legislation. It requires coordinated and integrated action of sanitation managers and related sectors with their contributions to urban development; that combines service objectives with solving the socio-environmental problems in order to contribute to decision making. Make up the methodological procedures, the formulation of questions results of literature review and survey of best practices on the institutional arrangements which are necessary for the universalization of sanitation in vulnerable areas; systematization of public and private data; questionnaires with sector actors, interviews with key actors-network sector; questionnaires to managers of the dealership\'s case study, community leaders, and surveys of households representatives the 9 cities of the Baixada Santista and conducting participatory workshops for an innovative model for universal sanitation. It adopted the Actor-Network Theory for mapping socio-technical controversies and gaps in governance of the areas that need to be met by public services of water supply and sanitation to vulnerable populations. The model features components that provide security and addressing legal, economic, and financial management. The results are: of the universal controversy map; concepts and comprehensive indicators; review of the management model; business strategy; Creation of Inclusive Business Plan Template for Informal City and Sanitation Inclusive Model for 9 municipalities of the Baixada Santista in São Paulo operated by Basic Sanitation Company - SABESP. It builds-at the end of the activities, inclusive universal concepts and inclusive governance.

The retail industry has faced many developments over recent decades as a result of digitalisation including the E-commerce and multichannel retailing phases. Consumers have seen the progression of new and digitised channels as well as solutions such as marketplaces, social media touchpoint and augmented reality tools. During the Covid-19 pandemic more consumers engaged on digital channels as the physical bricks and mortar stores were forced into lockdowns. However, the customer experience has not been seamless even in the era of digital retailing. Retailers have also experienced emerging dilemmas as a result of digitalisation. Despite the decades of retail digitalisation, the customer experience and industry remain somewhat tumultuous. Digitalisation has produced positive developments in retail. In parallel it has been challenged to adapt to the changes. The multichannel era has created a disjointed value chain and infrastructure that is impacting the customer experience. Furthermore, consumer behaviour has also changed. The current objective in the industry is to meet the new customer demands. To make it seamless for them, but also for the industry. This concept is omnichannel retailing - the current transformation objective in the industry. It remains novel and emerging. Many have started the transformation and evident in literature. However, this research domain remains minute in comparison to the knowledge in the E-commerce and multichannel domains. Those who have entered the journey are larger organisations and are experiencing the complexity of this digital transformation. This poses the question if  omnichannel transformation of small retail businesses is plausible, which also happens to represent the majority of the industry.  This qualitative case study’s objective is to gather and contribute to the limited knowledge in omnichannel retailing, and specifically for small business retailers. The business model concept and Complex Adaptive Systems theory, both associated to digitalisation of complex change has been combined as an omnichannel theoretical framework to assess the participants of this study. This study gathered empirical findings on business model changes and adaptive capabilities through in-depth interviews. The findings demonstrated small business retailers having the capacity to execute complex changes in their business models through adaptive behaviours. The study also highlighted areas in their business models and adaptive capabilities needing more consideration and development to support the ongoing omnichannel transformation.

Aim of this thesis is to create a Proposal of Business Model for New Business using critical analysis. To achieve such a goal Business Model Canvas is used. It is dividend into two major parts. First part is theoretical and sums up main subjects of this topic. Second part is practical and offers current state analysis and the proposal itself.

The agency will deal with organising social and cultural events providing gastronomical services and unusual experiences based on customers’ orders. The thesis is composed of two parts – theoretical and practical. The theoretical part focuses on the structure of the business plan, necessary analyses, sources of financing, and legal forms of business. The practical part comprises of knowledge gained from specialised literature and experience in this field. The conclusion involves a comprehensive choice of one most suitable option which is completed from a wide range of possibilities in separate chapters.