A problem of interest in the power industry is the mitigation of severe torsional oscillations induced in turbine-generator shaft systems due to Subsynchronous Resonance (SSR). SSR occurs when a natural frequency of a series compensated transmission system coincides with the complement of one of the torsional modes of the turbine-generator shaft system. Under such circumstances, the turbine-generator shaft system oscillates at a frequency corresponding to the torsional mode frequency and unless corrective action is taken, the torsional oscillations can grow and may result in shaft damage in a few seconds. <p> This thesis reports the use of a supplementary controller along with the Voltage Source Converter (VSC) HVDC back-to-back active power controller to damp all SSR torsional oscillations. In this context, investigations are conducted on a typical HVAC/DC system incorporating a large turbine-generator and a VSC HVDC back-to-back system. The generator speed deviation is used as the stabilizing signal for the supplementary controller. <p>The results of the investigations conducted in this thesis show that the achieved control design is effective in damping all the shaft torsional torques over a wide range of compensation levels. The results and discussion presented in this thesis should provide valuable information to electric power utilities engaged in planning and operating series capacitor compensated transmission lines and VSC HVDC back-to-back systems.

A problem of interest in the power industry is the mitigation of severe torsional oscillations induced in turbine-generator shaft systems due to Subsynchronous Resonance (SSR). SSR occurs when a natural frequency of a series compensated transmission system coincides with the complement of one of the torsional modes of the turbine-generator shaft system. Under such circumstances, the turbine-generator shaft system oscillates at a frequency corresponding to the torsional mode frequency and unless corrective action is taken, the torsional oscillations can grow and may result in shaft damage in a few seconds. <p> This thesis reports the use of a supplementary controller along with the Voltage Source Converter (VSC) HVDC back-to-back active power controller to damp all SSR torsional oscillations. In this context, investigations are conducted on a typical HVAC/DC system incorporating a large turbine-generator and a VSC HVDC back-to-back system. The generator speed deviation is used as the stabilizing signal for the supplementary controller. <p>The results of the investigations conducted in this thesis show that the achieved control design is effective in damping all the shaft torsional torques over a wide range of compensation levels. The results and discussion presented in this thesis should provide valuable information to electric power utilities engaged in planning and operating series capacitor compensated transmission lines and VSC HVDC back-to-back systems.

O aumento da demanda energética mundial e a necessidade de obtenção de energia por fontes renováveis abriram espaço para discussão sobre vantagens e desvantagens relacionadas às diversas tecnologias de geração existentes. Dados mostram um crescimento significativo do percentual da geração eólica no sistema energético mundial tornando factível o investimento em tecnologias que possam atender às diferenças de aplicação para cada região. Este trabalho apresenta inicialmente as principais características das arquiteturas construtivas dos geradores eólicos listando e apresentando seus principais equipamentos e funções, em seguida são apresentados métodos de controle e proteção aerodinâmica e as principais topologias aplicadas na geração eólica de energia. A discussão das vantagens e desvantagens de cada topologia apontou o gerador Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) aplicado em sistemas de velocidade variável como uma tecnologia que se destaca pelo seu alto nível de controle e pelo ganho relacionado ao conversor back-to-back de apenas 30% da capacidade de geração da máquina. No trabalho o controle do conversor back-to-back foi testado e validado por simulações e os ajustes dos controladores obtidos pelo método do modelo simétrico ótimo. Em seguida, são apresentados os dispositivos básicos de proteção correlacionados ao monitoramento de corrente, tensão e fluxo de potência e discutidas suas limitações na topologia com o gerador DFIG. No final do trabalho a proteção diferencial é apresentada e aplicada sobre o gerador DFIG e simulações de falta são realizadas em diferentes condições de funcionamento da máquina de modo a obter dados que possam apontar a melhor parametrização deste dispositivo de proteção. / The world energetic demand increase and the generation renewable necessity allowed the dialogue about the advantages and disadvantages of generations technologies existing. Many data shows an significant increase of wind generation inside the world energetic system allowing the investment in technologies to work at the characteristics existing in each place. This study shows the main constructive characteristics in the wind generation showing their main equipments and functions. After, the control and protection aerodynamic methods are shown together with the main topologies in the wind generation. The discussion about the advantages and disadvantages of this topologies showed the DFIG generator working in variable speeds systems like an efficient technology because your accurate control and the low cost of back-to-back frequency inverter. In this study the control of back-to-back converter was tested end validated and the drivers parameters was calculated with the method of the optimal symmetric model. then, are showed some basic protections devices linked with current, voltage and power flow monitoring and yours limitations are discussed in the DFIG topology. In the end the differential protection is showed and applied in the DFIG machine then fault simulations are make to obtain data to produce the best configuration parameters of differential protection.

O aumento da demanda energética mundial e a necessidade de obtenção de energia por fontes renováveis abriram espaço para discussão sobre vantagens e desvantagens relacionadas às diversas tecnologias de geração existentes. Dados mostram um crescimento significativo do percentual da geração eólica no sistema energético mundial tornando factível o investimento em tecnologias que possam atender às diferenças de aplicação para cada região. Este trabalho apresenta inicialmente as principais características das arquiteturas construtivas dos geradores eólicos listando e apresentando seus principais equipamentos e funções, em seguida são apresentados métodos de controle e proteção aerodinâmica e as principais topologias aplicadas na geração eólica de energia. A discussão das vantagens e desvantagens de cada topologia apontou o gerador Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) aplicado em sistemas de velocidade variável como uma tecnologia que se destaca pelo seu alto nível de controle e pelo ganho relacionado ao conversor back-to-back de apenas 30% da capacidade de geração da máquina. No trabalho o controle do conversor back-to-back foi testado e validado por simulações e os ajustes dos controladores obtidos pelo método do modelo simétrico ótimo. Em seguida, são apresentados os dispositivos básicos de proteção correlacionados ao monitoramento de corrente, tensão e fluxo de potência e discutidas suas limitações na topologia com o gerador DFIG. No final do trabalho a proteção diferencial é apresentada e aplicada sobre o gerador DFIG e simulações de falta são realizadas em diferentes condições de funcionamento da máquina de modo a obter dados que possam apontar a melhor parametrização deste dispositivo de proteção. / The world energetic demand increase and the generation renewable necessity allowed the dialogue about the advantages and disadvantages of generations technologies existing. Many data shows an significant increase of wind generation inside the world energetic system allowing the investment in technologies to work at the characteristics existing in each place. This study shows the main constructive characteristics in the wind generation showing their main equipments and functions. After, the control and protection aerodynamic methods are shown together with the main topologies in the wind generation. The discussion about the advantages and disadvantages of this topologies showed the DFIG generator working in variable speeds systems like an efficient technology because your accurate control and the low cost of back-to-back frequency inverter. In this study the control of back-to-back converter was tested end validated and the drivers parameters was calculated with the method of the optimal symmetric model. then, are showed some basic protections devices linked with current, voltage and power flow monitoring and yours limitations are discussed in the DFIG topology. In the end the differential protection is showed and applied in the DFIG machine then fault simulations are make to obtain data to produce the best configuration parameters of differential protection.

Orientador: Dra. Ahda Pionkoski Grilo Pavani / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica, 2016. / Os Geradores de Indução Duplamente Alimentados, em inglês Doubly Fed Induction Generator DFIG, representam uma das tecnologias mais empregadas em sistemas eólicos. Devido à natureza intermitente do vento, o controle convencional usado por esses geradores procura operar o gerador em um ponto que garanta a máxima extração de potência da turbina eólica. Entretanto, usando apenas esta filosofia de controle, não é possível que estes geradores participem do controle de frequência da rede elétrica, pois o sistema mecânico e o sistema elétrico estão desacoplados devido à ação do conversor Back-to-Back. Como consequência, o DFIG não apresenta resposta de inércia. No entanto, em sistemas elétricos com alta penetração de geração eólica, ou sistemas que operam de forma ilhada como microrredes, a resposta de inércia do gerador eólico permite um melhor comportamento da frequência elétrica. Neste contexto, neste trabalho é estudado e analisado o comportamento do Gerador de Indução Duplamente Alimentado DFIG contribuindo para o suporte de frequência de uma microrrede, formada a partir de um ilhamento intencional. Para isso, foram realizadas simulações computacionais com ocorrência de ilhamento intencional, em que uma parte da rede de distribuição passa a operar de forma ilhada alimentada por um DFIG e um gerador síncrono. Com os resultados é possível analisar o desempenho do DFIG no suporte de frequência da rede elétrica considerando diferentes metodologias / Doubly Fed Induction Generators DFIG, represent one of the most used in wind power systems technologies. Due to the intermittent nature of wind, the conventional control used by these generators to operate the demand generator at a point that ensures maximum power extraction of the wind turbine. However, using only this control philosophy, it is not possible that these generators participate in frequency control the power supply for the mechanical system and the electrical system are uncoupled due to the action of the Back-to-Back converter. Consequently, the DFIG has not inertia response. However, in electric systems with high penetration of wind power generation, or systems that operate islanded micro-grids way, the wind power generator inertia response allows a better behavior of the electrical frequency. In this context, this work is studied and analyzed the Doubly Fed Induction Generator DFIG behavior contributing to the frequency support of a micro-grids formed from an unintentional islanding. To this end, computer simulations were performed with the occurrence of unintentional islanding, wherein a part of the distribution network shall operate islanded form fed by a DFIG and a synchronous generator. With the results it is possible to analyze the performance of DFIG in the grid frequency support considering different methodologies.

The master´s thesis is focused on the design and implementation of the laboratory stand for studying lubrication of gears. Specifically, to assess the effect of lubricant contamination on gears. The device uses the Niemann closed circuit concept which in practice is called „back to back“. Firstly, in the theoretical part, the test circuits uses for testing gears are described and one of the standardized procedure for experimentation is presented. Based on research studies, basic parameters for the design and creation of conceptuals are determined. The practical part consists not only the design of this stend, but also including test run and the description of the procedure on that device. The result of this master´s thesis is the functional experimental device for the future development of intelligent lubrication systems.

A low-cost power router (PR), capable of dynamic, independent control of active- and reactive-power flows on meshed grids is presented. The operating principle, detailed schematics, and various possible implementations of the proposed power router are discussed. Various operating modes are identified and a control algorithm has been proposed and verified through simulations. Small-signal and frequency-domain models of the power router from basic time-domain equations are developed. A three-tier protection system based on the fail-normal switch to avoid single point-of-failure is presented. The operation of proposed protection system in isolating the converter and the grid in the event of faults is verified through simulation. An analytical method to evaluate the stability of a system with multiple power routers is proposed. Necessary conditions for the PR-controller design to ensure stable operation of a system with multiple power routers is proposed. These necessary conditions are verified through simulation studies. Potential applications of proposed power router in distribution system and the associated challenges in implementation are presented. The functionality and advantages of the proposed power router are experimentally demonstrated at 13 kV, 1 MVA. The proposed power router can result in a low cost power routing solution that can reduce electric grid congestion and efficient implementation of RPS mandates.

No description available.

No description available.

<p> Trusses and Vierendeel girders are usually built from a single chord HSS "Hollow Structural Sections", but the largest HSS size as produced in Canada may limit its use for longer span applications. Therefore, the possibility of using double chord sections to enable the use of HSS for longer span trusses without the need for manufacturing new larger sections, presented itself. </p> <p> A new concept utilizing double chord square hollow sections in welded K-joints of Warren trusses is described. The experimental results of 29 tests are reported, including four connections types — standard, channel, bolted and back-to-back. The latter type comprised of gapped, overlapped and gapped with connecting stiffener plates. </p> <p> The results indicate that the standard type is an excellent joint in both strength and stiffness. The channel type is generally susceptible to twisting. It was found adequate only when a significant increase in chord thickness (≃ 50%) was employed. The bolted connection appears to hold promise when on-site assembly of large trusses is necessary. Its performance was further improved by connecting the chords with small tie bars. The back-to-back type needed to be reinforced or fully overlapped to develop full branch member strength. </p> <p> The double chord system of connection reveals itself to be much superior in strength to an equivalent single chord joint. </p> <p> The effects of eccentricity, branch member to chord angle, and chord preloading were investigated. Interaction formulae are presented for the standard and channel type joints which suffered from a chord failure at the connection. </p> <p> Results of four T-type connections using the double chord concept are also reported and were recently published in the ASCE (8). </p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)