O estudo teve como objetivos verificar em dois grupos de pacientes com visão monocular (grupo 1) e com visão binocular (grupo 2), a serem submetidos à cirurgia de catarata no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, opiniões, expectativas e reações emocionais em relação ao problema ocular, à qualidade da visão e à cirurgia de catarata; influência da característica de apresentar visão mono ou binocular nas reações emocionais relacionadas à cirurgia de catarata. Foi realizado estudo transversal e comparativo, de forma consecutiva, por meio de questionário estruturado, aplicado por entrevista a pacientes, elaborado a partir de estudo exploratório e medidas acuidade visual e causa da perda visual. A amostra foi constituída por 96 indivíduos do grupo 1 (50,0% homens; 50,0% mulheres, com idade entre 41 e 91 anos, média 69,3 anos ± 10,4 anos) e 110, do grupo 2 (40,9% homens; 59,1% mulheres, com idade entre 40 e 89 anos, média 68,2 anos ± 10,2 anos). A maioria dos indivíduos de ambos os grupos apresentava baixa escolaridade. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos em relação ao sexo (p = 0,191), à idade (p = 0,702) e à escolaridade (p = 0,245). Não exerciam atividade laboral 95,8% dos indivíduos do grupo 1 e 83,6%, do grupo 2 (p = 0,005) e 30,4% do grupo 1 mencionaram não ter possibilidade de trabalhar por causa da deficiência visual. Observou-se acuidade visual do olho a ser operado menor que 0,05 em 40,6% (grupo 1) e 33,6% (grupo 2), entre 0,25 e 0,05. Quase a totalidade dos indivíduos de ambos os grupos afirmou ter dificuldade para realização das atividades de vida diária e qualificou como insuficiente a respectiva acuidade visual; 71,9% dos entrevistados do grupo 1 e 71,6%, do grupo 2 mencionaram saber a causa da visão fraca; desses, 87,1% do grupo 1 e 83,3% do grupo 2 referiram a catarata como causa da baixa acuidade visual. No que se refere ao medo, 40,6% dos indivíduos do grupo 1 e 22,7%, do grupo 2, relataram ter medo do procedimento cirúrgico (p = 0,009). As causas de medo mais referidas foram: possibilidade de perder a visão; piorar a visão; sofrer alguma complicação na cirurgia; morrer durante a cirurgia. Os sentimentos mais preponderantes entre os grupos foram: satisfação por saber que a catarata pode ser operada e melhorar a visão, alívio por saber que vai ser operado, dúvida quanto a ter bom resultado, nervosismo. Referiram esperar que mudanças ocorressem na vida após a cirurgia 90,6% (grupo 1) e 84,6% (grupo 2). Quanto às atividades que esperavam realizar após a cirurgia mencionaram: realizar serviços de casa; ler; sair sozinho. Concluiu-se que: os indivíduos de ambos os grupos tiveram acesso à cirurgia de catarata com acuidade visual menor do que a idealmente indicada; os pacientes com visão monocular apresentaram acuidade visual significativamente menor em relação aos com visão binocular; a maioria dos entrevistados de ambos os grupos referiu dificuldades para realizar atividades cotidianas como conseqüência da baixa visão; os indivíduos com visão monocular referiram mais dúvida em relação aos resultados cirúrgicos do que os com visão binocular; muitos indivíduos de ambos os grupos desconheciam a causa da dificuldade visual ou a atribuíram a outra causa que não a catarata; indivíduos de ambos os grupos apontaram expectativas positivas em relação à reabilitação após a cirurgia. / The purpose of the study was to verify in two groups of patients with monocular vision (group 1) and with binocular vision (group 2) to be submitted to cataract surgery in Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University Medical School, opinions, expectances and emotional reactions related to the ocular problem, to the quality of vision and to cataract surgery, the influence of monocular or binocular vision in the emotional reactions related to cataract surgery. A transversal comparative and consecutive study was performed using a structured questionnaire applied by interview of patients. The questionnaire was elaborated from a previous exploratory study, the visual acuity and cause of the visual loss were evaluated. The sample was constituted by 96 persons of group 1 (50% males; 50% females, ages ranging from 41 to 91 years old; average 69,3 years ± 10,4 years) and 110 persons of group 2 (40,9% males; 59,1% females, ages ranging from 40 to 89 years old; average 68,2 years ± 10,2 years). The majority of persons of both groups presented low educational level. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in relation to gender (p = 0,191), age (p = 0,702) and educational level (p = 0,245). No work activity was mentioned in 95,8% of the persons of group 1 and 83,6% of group 2 (p = 0,005) and 30,4% of group 1 informed the impossibility to work due the visual deficiency. It was observed that the visual acuity of the eye to be operated was less than 0,05 in 40,6% (group 1) and in 33,6% (group 2), presented visual acuity ranging from 0,05 to 0,25. Almost the totality of the persons of both groups informed difficulties to perform activities of daily life and qualified as insufficient their visual acuities; 71,9% of the patients of group 1 and 71,6% of group 2 informed to know the reason of low vision; among these, 87,1% of group 1 and 83,3% of group 2 mentioned cataract as the reason of low visual acuity. Concerning fear, 40,6% of patients of group 1 and 22,7% of group 2 informed about fear of the surgical procedure (p = 0,009). The causes of fear more frequently reported were: possibility of loss of vision; worsening of vision; complications during the surgical procedure and to die during the surgery. The more preponderant feelings in both groups were: satisfaction knowing that a cataract can be operated with improvement of vision, relief knowing that will be submitted to surgery, doubt about a good result, nervousness. Changes in the life after surgery were mentioned by 90,6% (group 1) and by 84,6% (group 2) of the persons. Housework activities, reading and moving around without help were the mentioned activities expected to be performed after surgery. It was concluded that the patients of both groups were submitted to cataract surgery with visual acuities less than the visual acuity ideally indicated; the patients with monocular vision showed visual acuities significantly less in relation to the patients with binocular vision; the majority of the patients of both groups mentioned difficulties to perform daily activities as a consequence of low vision; patients with monocular vision mentioned doubts in relation to the surgical results as compared with the patients with binocular vision; many patients of both groups did not know the cause of the visual difficulty or explained the visual difficulty by other cause than the cataract; patients of both groups were positively expectant in relation to the visual rehabilitation after the surgery.

No description available.

O estudo teve como objetivos verificar em dois grupos de pacientes com visão monocular (grupo 1) e com visão binocular (grupo 2), a serem submetidos à cirurgia de catarata no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, opiniões, expectativas e reações emocionais em relação ao problema ocular, à qualidade da visão e à cirurgia de catarata; influência da característica de apresentar visão mono ou binocular nas reações emocionais relacionadas à cirurgia de catarata. Foi realizado estudo transversal e comparativo, de forma consecutiva, por meio de questionário estruturado, aplicado por entrevista a pacientes, elaborado a partir de estudo exploratório e medidas acuidade visual e causa da perda visual. A amostra foi constituída por 96 indivíduos do grupo 1 (50,0% homens; 50,0% mulheres, com idade entre 41 e 91 anos, média 69,3 anos ± 10,4 anos) e 110, do grupo 2 (40,9% homens; 59,1% mulheres, com idade entre 40 e 89 anos, média 68,2 anos ± 10,2 anos). A maioria dos indivíduos de ambos os grupos apresentava baixa escolaridade. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos em relação ao sexo (p = 0,191), à idade (p = 0,702) e à escolaridade (p = 0,245). Não exerciam atividade laboral 95,8% dos indivíduos do grupo 1 e 83,6%, do grupo 2 (p = 0,005) e 30,4% do grupo 1 mencionaram não ter possibilidade de trabalhar por causa da deficiência visual. Observou-se acuidade visual do olho a ser operado menor que 0,05 em 40,6% (grupo 1) e 33,6% (grupo 2), entre 0,25 e 0,05. Quase a totalidade dos indivíduos de ambos os grupos afirmou ter dificuldade para realização das atividades de vida diária e qualificou como insuficiente a respectiva acuidade visual; 71,9% dos entrevistados do grupo 1 e 71,6%, do grupo 2 mencionaram saber a causa da visão fraca; desses, 87,1% do grupo 1 e 83,3% do grupo 2 referiram a catarata como causa da baixa acuidade visual. No que se refere ao medo, 40,6% dos indivíduos do grupo 1 e 22,7%, do grupo 2, relataram ter medo do procedimento cirúrgico (p = 0,009). As causas de medo mais referidas foram: possibilidade de perder a visão; piorar a visão; sofrer alguma complicação na cirurgia; morrer durante a cirurgia. Os sentimentos mais preponderantes entre os grupos foram: satisfação por saber que a catarata pode ser operada e melhorar a visão, alívio por saber que vai ser operado, dúvida quanto a ter bom resultado, nervosismo. Referiram esperar que mudanças ocorressem na vida após a cirurgia 90,6% (grupo 1) e 84,6% (grupo 2). Quanto às atividades que esperavam realizar após a cirurgia mencionaram: realizar serviços de casa; ler; sair sozinho. Concluiu-se que: os indivíduos de ambos os grupos tiveram acesso à cirurgia de catarata com acuidade visual menor do que a idealmente indicada; os pacientes com visão monocular apresentaram acuidade visual significativamente menor em relação aos com visão binocular; a maioria dos entrevistados de ambos os grupos referiu dificuldades para realizar atividades cotidianas como conseqüência da baixa visão; os indivíduos com visão monocular referiram mais dúvida em relação aos resultados cirúrgicos do que os com visão binocular; muitos indivíduos de ambos os grupos desconheciam a causa da dificuldade visual ou a atribuíram a outra causa que não a catarata; indivíduos de ambos os grupos apontaram expectativas positivas em relação à reabilitação após a cirurgia. / The purpose of the study was to verify in two groups of patients with monocular vision (group 1) and with binocular vision (group 2) to be submitted to cataract surgery in Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University Medical School, opinions, expectances and emotional reactions related to the ocular problem, to the quality of vision and to cataract surgery, the influence of monocular or binocular vision in the emotional reactions related to cataract surgery. A transversal comparative and consecutive study was performed using a structured questionnaire applied by interview of patients. The questionnaire was elaborated from a previous exploratory study, the visual acuity and cause of the visual loss were evaluated. The sample was constituted by 96 persons of group 1 (50% males; 50% females, ages ranging from 41 to 91 years old; average 69,3 years ± 10,4 years) and 110 persons of group 2 (40,9% males; 59,1% females, ages ranging from 40 to 89 years old; average 68,2 years ± 10,2 years). The majority of persons of both groups presented low educational level. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in relation to gender (p = 0,191), age (p = 0,702) and educational level (p = 0,245). No work activity was mentioned in 95,8% of the persons of group 1 and 83,6% of group 2 (p = 0,005) and 30,4% of group 1 informed the impossibility to work due the visual deficiency. It was observed that the visual acuity of the eye to be operated was less than 0,05 in 40,6% (group 1) and in 33,6% (group 2), presented visual acuity ranging from 0,05 to 0,25. Almost the totality of the persons of both groups informed difficulties to perform activities of daily life and qualified as insufficient their visual acuities; 71,9% of the patients of group 1 and 71,6% of group 2 informed to know the reason of low vision; among these, 87,1% of group 1 and 83,3% of group 2 mentioned cataract as the reason of low visual acuity. Concerning fear, 40,6% of patients of group 1 and 22,7% of group 2 informed about fear of the surgical procedure (p = 0,009). The causes of fear more frequently reported were: possibility of loss of vision; worsening of vision; complications during the surgical procedure and to die during the surgery. The more preponderant feelings in both groups were: satisfaction knowing that a cataract can be operated with improvement of vision, relief knowing that will be submitted to surgery, doubt about a good result, nervousness. Changes in the life after surgery were mentioned by 90,6% (group 1) and by 84,6% (group 2) of the persons. Housework activities, reading and moving around without help were the mentioned activities expected to be performed after surgery. It was concluded that the patients of both groups were submitted to cataract surgery with visual acuities less than the visual acuity ideally indicated; the patients with monocular vision showed visual acuities significantly less in relation to the patients with binocular vision; the majority of the patients of both groups mentioned difficulties to perform daily activities as a consequence of low vision; patients with monocular vision mentioned doubts in relation to the surgical results as compared with the patients with binocular vision; many patients of both groups did not know the cause of the visual difficulty or explained the visual difficulty by other cause than the cataract; patients of both groups were positively expectant in relation to the visual rehabilitation after the surgery.

In this work I have been briefed by physiology of binocular vision for acquisition of three-dimensional perception from two-dimensional images using special glasses. At first I described optical organ, after it I described physiology of binocular vision. In the next part of my work I described stereoscopic imaging technology and their advantages and disadvantages. In the next part of this work I have designed method for measuring ideal distance between cameras for scanning and projection of stereoscopic image using program Inition StereoBrain Calculator. After scenes design I have collected visual data for creating 3D videos. This videos were been projected to the group of the viewers. Data from the viewers were been analyzed afterwards.

In this paper we will briefly revisit the optical vibration measurement system (OVMS) at the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) and how these values are used for disturbance compensation and particularly for the LBT Interferometer (LBTI) and the LBT Interferometric Camera for Near-Infrared and Visible Adaptive Interferometry for Astronomy (LINC-NIRVANA). We present the now centralized software architecture, called OVMS+, on which our approach is based and illustrate several challenges faced during the implementation phase. Finally, we will present measurement results from LBTI proving the effectiveness of the approach and the ability to compensate for a large fraction of the telescope induced vibrations.

Due to the eyes’ different positions on the human head, binocular viewing of a scene creates two slightly different images of the scene. Human binocular vision can fuse two images with disparity into a single percept, up to a certain limit. This is known as binocular single vision. The use of two eyes is advantageous because it provide one more display channels. One major advantage of binocular vision is creating the feeling of depth (stereopsis). Besides stereopsis, it has recently been shown that the visual system of human eye can even fuse the color, contrast, and/or contour differences between the left and the right views (dichoptic viewing), in a non-linear fashion. Human eyes can perceive more visual information via binocular single vision. / The popularity of virtual reality and 3D movies leads to the wide availability of binocular display devices. There exists some methods to utilize binocular device to present more visual content via binocular single vision. However, they do not support motion pictures. In this thesis, we propose a method to synthesize temporal consistent and binocularly fusible dichoptic videos. Our resultant videos significantly enhance the visual richness of the original input monocular or stereoscopic videos. It is the first attempt to explore the possibility of utilizing LDR binocular display to present dichoptic videos besides the traditional stereoscopic videos (disparity only). We evaluate our method with several challenging videos, and validate its effectiveness in raising visual richness via user studies. / The second application we explore on binocular single vision is enhancing color discrimination for colorblind individuals. Approximately 250 million people suffer from colorblindness, or color vision deficiency (CVD). They are usually not able to clearly discriminate certain colors. The losing of color information leads to misunderstanding, inconvenience, or even danger in daily life. In this thesis, we propose a new framework to synthesis binocularly fused image pair for CVD individuals. The binocular single percept maximizes the color discrimination and minimizes the binocular discomfort. Note that different CVD individuals can be substantially different in terms of the type and the severity of color blindness. We also propose a new calibration method to measure the severity of different CVD individuals. Our tailor-made color discrimination solution for CVD individual has been evaluated via qualitative experiments and convincing effect is obtained in all cases. / Color vision deficiencies can hardly share the same visual content with normal-vision audiences. Our last work makes effort in proposing the first system that allows CVD and normal-vision audiences to share the same visual content simultaneously. The key that we can achieve this is because the ordinary stereoscopic display (non-autostereoscopic ones) offers users two visual experiences (with and without wearing stereoscopic glasses). By allocating one experience to CVD audiences and another to normalvision audiences, we allow them to share. The core problem is to synthesize an image pair so that when they are presented binocularly, CVD audiences can distinguish the originally indistinguishable colors; and when it is in monocular presentation, normal-vision audiences wouldn’t notice any difference from the original image. We solve the image-pair recoloring problem by optimizing an objective function that minimizes the color deviation for normal-vision audiences while maximizes the color distinguishability and binocular fusibility for CVD audiences. Our method is extensively evaluated via multiple quantitative experiments and user studies. Convincing results are obtained in all our test cases. / 由於人類的雙眼在頭部的位置特點，左右兩眼看到的內容有所差異。人類的雙目視覺能將兩幅稍微不同的圖像合成一個單一的視界。這就是雙目單視（Binocular Single Vision）現象。雙目的同時使用使人類可感知更多的視覺信息，比如深度信息（立體感）。除此之外，最近的生理學研究表明，雙目單視可以在一定範圍內融合左右眼所看到的不同顏色，對比度，甚至內容。這種非線性的融合可以給人類帶來更多的視覺信息。 / 虛擬現實以及3D電影的流行使得雙目立體顯示設備在生活中普遍存在。前沿的研究已開始關注如何通過立體設備和雙目單視現象來提高視覺效果。然而，現有工作都集中在圖片的研究而無法應用於電影視頻之中。本畢業論文提出了一個新穎的基於連續幀的雙目視頻對生成方法。本方法所生成的視頻對將使人們感知到更多的視覺內容。通過應用雙目單視現象，低動態範圍（Low-Dynamic Range）的立體顯示設備將不再局限於提供深度視覺信息。為了驗證所提方法的有效性，我們在一些比較有挑戰性的視頻上驗證了其豐富的視覺感知體驗。 / 本論文對雙目單視的第二個探索是在色覺補償方面。全球大約有2億五千個色盲（或色覺缺陷）人士，他們難以區分某些色彩。色彩區分能力的缺失使得他們在生活中有理解和溝通困難，甚至會有潛在的安全問題。本論文提出了一個新穎的利用雙目單視的色覺補償框架。該框架生成的圖片對將能幫助色覺缺陷人士更好地區分顏色而又沒有任何視覺感知方面的不適。色覺缺陷有不同的種類和程度。為了提高色覺補償效果，本論文進一步提出了一個新的色覺測量方法。通過精準的色覺測量和計算，本文所提的色覺補償框架在所有的測試實驗中取得了顯著的效果。 / 在同時觀看同一內容的時候，色盲人士所理解的視覺信息與色覺正常人士是不一樣的。本論文的最後一項工作是提出了一個同步色覺補償系統。該系統可以在色覺正常人士察覺不到色彩改變的前提下，對色盲人士提供色覺補償。這個系統的關鍵突破在於利用了立體顯示設備（非裸眼立體設備）中的不同觀看模式（戴立體眼鏡與不戴立體眼鏡）。我們將戴立體眼鏡的觀看模式分配給色盲人士用於色覺補償，而色覺正常人士則不戴立體眼鏡直接觀看屏幕上線性合成的圖片對。同步色覺補償系統的關鍵問題在於如何根據一張輸入圖片生成一對輸出圖片（一張對應色盲人士的左眼，另一張對應色盲人士右眼）。輸出的圖片對需要在最大化色盲人士的色覺補償和雙目單視舒適度的同時，最小化對原圖色彩的改變。我們建立了一個數學優化模型來解決這個關鍵問題。通過一些列的實驗和用戶調查，同步色覺補償系統的有效性得到了驗證。 / Shen, Wuyao. / Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2016. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 135-152). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 24, October, 2016). / Shen, Wuyao. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only.

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1980. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Barker. / Bibliography: leaves 193-197. / by Troy A. Crites. / M.S.

No description available.

Many studies have found that fixating or directing spatial attention to different regions can bias the perception of the Necker cube, but whether this effect of spatial attention is due to attended areas perceived as being closer have yet to be examined. This issue was directly investigated in this study. The stimulus used was the diamond stimulus, containing four occluders and four moving lines that can be perceived as coherent or separate motions. The results of Experiment 1 show that coherent motion was perceived more often under the attending-to-occluders condition than under the attending-to-moving-lines condition, indicating that spatial attention can bias multistable perception. The results of Experiment 2 show that the mean probability of reporting lines behind occluders in small binocular disparities was significantly higher under the attending-to-occluders condition than under the attending-to-lines condition, indicating that spatial attention can make attended areas look slightly closer. The results of Experiments 3 and 4 show that the effect of spatial attention on biasing multistable perception was weakened when there were binocular or monocular depth cues to define the depth relationship between the occluders and the lines. These results are all consistent with the notion that spatial attention can bias multistable perception through affecting depth perception, making attended areas look closer.

When seen through a stereoscope, a Gabor pattern (a Gaussian enveloped sinusoid) that is masked by visual noise is more readily detectable when it appears in front of or behind the noise than when it is embedded in the noise itself. The enhanced visibility brought about by stereo cues is referred to as binocular unmasking. In this work, we investigated whether binocular unmasking may also occur with visual objects more complex than simple Gabor patterns, and with tasks more demanding than detection. Specifically, we examined the effects of binocular unmasking in the detection, categorization, and identification of noise masked images of natural objects. We observed the occurrence of binocular unmasking in all three tasks. However, the size of this effect was greater for detection performance than for categorization or identification performance; the latter two benefited to the same extent by the availability of stereoscopic cues. We argue that these results suggest that low level stereoscopic depth cues may play a helpful role, not only in simple detection tasks with psychophysical stimuli, but also in the perception of complex stimuli depicting natural objects.