Abstract The aim of this study was to examine whether there are differences in Sense of Coherence between people in monotonous and non – monotonous jobs with regard to birth order. In this present study, 89 individuals from three different working organizations participated, of which 51 (57, 3 %) of them were men and 38 (42, 7 %) women. The results showed that in varying occupations, firstborn children showed a higher level of Sense of Coherence. In monotonus jobs, middle children prove to have the lowest level of Sence of Coherence. The results from this study also show that Sense of Coherence is associated with the individuals’ age and their experienced relationship with their parents during childhood. / Sammanfattning Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka om det finns skillnader i känsla av sammanhang mellan personer på monotona och icke – monotona arbeten med hänsyn tagen till syskonplacering. I den här studien deltog 89 personer från tre olika arbetsorganisationer i södra Sverige, varav 51 (57,3 %) av dem var män och 38 (42,7 %) kvinnor. Resultatet visade att i varierade arbeten har förstfödda barn högre nivåer av KASAM. I monotona arbeten uppvisar mellanbarn inneha den lägsta nivån av KASAM. Resultatet från denna studie visar även att KASAM är kopplad till individers ålder och upplevda relation till föräldrarna under barndomen.

The Relationships between Grade, Residence Area, Birth Order, Constructive Thinking, Emotional Competence and Pupils¡¦ Technological Creativity Ya-I Li Abstract The main purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between grade, residence area, birth order, constructive thinking, emotional competence and fifth to sixth graders¡¦ performance on technological creativity. The participants included 903 fifth and sixth graders from elementary schools in Taipei City, Kaohsiung City, and Penghu County. The employed instruments were The Constructive Thinking Inventory, The Questionnaire of Emotional Competence, and The Test of Technological Creativity. The applied analysis methods were Descriptive, One-way Multivariate Analysis of Variance, One-way Analysis of Variance, and Multiple Enter Regression. The main findings in this study were as follows: 1. The sixth graders outperformed the fifth graders on the test of technological creativity. 2. Pupils living in urban areas had higher technological creativity than their counterparts in rural areas. 3. The first-born children outperformed the later-born children on the test of technological creativity. 4. Constructive thinking had no significant effects on the pupils¡¦ technological creativity. 5. Emotional competence had positive influences on the pupils¡¦ technological creativity. 6. Grade, residence area, birth order, and emotional competence could effectively predict the pupils¡¦ technological creativity. Finally, some suggestions were proposed for educational authorities, teachers, parents and the future research. Keywords: grade, residence area, birth order, constructive thinking, emotional competence, technological creativity

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between job satisfaction, birth order and sensation seeking. The sample consisted of 179 jobholders in four different organizations in southern Sweden, with an average age of 44 years (SD = 12,12). A questionnaire consisting of three parts was used to map out and measure the participants’ family background, birth order, job satisfaction and sensation seeking. The study showed no significant relationship between birth order and job satisfaction (p = 0,127). Furthermore, the study showed a significant relationship between sensation seeking and job satisfaction (p = 0,025). Finally the analyses showed that laterborns had a significantly higher score on the sensation seeking scale, used in the questionnaire, than firstborns (p = 0,015). The study concludes that sensation seeking is a significant factor when it comes to prediction of job satisfaction.</p> / <p>SAMMANFATTNING</p><p>Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka huruvida det fanns ett samband mellan arbetstillfredsställelse och syskonplacering, med hänsyn taget till spänningssökande. Stickprovet bestod av 179 arbetstagare inom fyra organisationer i södra Sverige med en medelålder på 44 år (SD = 12,12). Instrumentet som användes för insamling av data bestod av en enkät med tre delar. Dessa delar kartlade och mätte deltagarnas familjebakgrund, syskonplacering, arbetstillfredsställelse och spänningssökande. Studien visade att det inte fanns något samband mellan syskonplacering och arbetstillfredsställelse (p = 0,127). Vidare visade studien att individer med ett högt mått av spänningssökande upplevde högre arbetstillfredsställelse än individer med ett lågt mått av spänningssökande (p = 0,025). Slutligen framkom det att yngrebarn hade ett högre mått av spänningssökande än individer med en annan placering i syskonskaran (p = 0,015). Spänningssökande är alltså av vikt när det kommer till tillfredsställelse på arbetet.</p>

<p>Abstract</p><p>The aim of this study was to examine whether there are differences in Sense of Coherence between people in monotonous and non – monotonous jobs with regard to birth order. In this present study, 89 individuals from three different working organizations participated, of which 51 (57, 3 %) of them were men and 38 (42, 7 %) women. The results showed that in varying occupations, firstborn children showed a higher level of Sense of Coherence. In monotonus jobs, middle children prove to have the lowest level of Sence of Coherence. The results from this study also show that Sense of Coherence is associated with the individuals’ age and their experienced relationship with their parents during childhood.</p> / <p>Sammanfattning</p><p>Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka om det finns skillnader i känsla av sammanhang mellan personer på monotona och icke – monotona arbeten med hänsyn tagen till syskonplacering. I den här studien deltog 89 personer från tre olika arbetsorganisationer i södra Sverige, varav 51 (57,3 %) av dem var män och 38 (42,7 %) kvinnor. Resultatet visade att i varierade arbeten har förstfödda barn högre nivåer av KASAM. I monotona arbeten uppvisar mellanbarn inneha den lägsta nivån av KASAM. Resultatet från denna studie visar även att KASAM är kopplad till individers ålder och upplevda relation till föräldrarna under barndomen.</p>

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2003. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 114-120).

This doctoral thesis examines the long-term impact of birth order on health, and educational attainment. Swedish register data is used to link individuals to their siblings, thereby allowing members of the sibling group to be compared to one another. This thesis consists of an introductory chapter summarizing empirical research on the relationship between birth order and educational attainment, intelligence, health, and personality, as well the theoretical frameworks that have been developed to explain those relationships. This introductory chapter is followed by four original empirical studies. The first two studies show that relative to first born siblings, later borns have lower physical fitness in late adolescence, and higher mortality in adulthood. The third study uses the Swedish registers to identify sibling groups that entirely consist of adopted individuals, and shows that the commonly observed negative relationship between birth order and educational attainment persists in these fully adopted sibling groups. These results suggest that birth order effects are likely explained by post-natal, social mechanisms within the family. Finally, the fourth study shows that even though later born siblings do worse than first borns in a fully adjusted statistical model, educational expansion in the 20th century has meant that later born siblings actually tend to have greater educational attainment and are more likely to attend university in comparison to older siblings within the same family. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Manuscript. Paper 2: Epub ahead of print. Paper 3: Accepted. Paper 4: Manuscript.</p>

Thesis (M.S.W.)--Smith College School for Social Work, Northampton, Mass., 2007 / Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Social Work. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 42-46).

The topic of this thesis is the sibling constellation theory. This theory says that the order of birth can affect many areas of life. The aim of this thesis is to verify this theory. The theoretical part of the thesis defines the term sibling constellation and briefly describes the history of research connected with this theory along with information about differences between certain author´s interpretations. The thesis also deals with the upbringing stereotypes that cause differences between individuals born in a certain order and with the description of their typical personality traits. The practical part of the thesis concentrates on verifying of sibling constellation theory through a questionnaire. The questionnaire is based on facts about each sibling position that were learned from literature and deals with the relationship between respondent´s parents and siblings in order to reveal possible rivalry and jealousy in their family environment.

abstract: This dissertation comprises three chapters. In chapter one, using a rich dataset for the United States, I estimate a series of models to document the birth order effects on cognitive outcomes, non-cognitive outcomes, and parental investments. I estimate a model that allows for heterogeneous birth order effects by unobservables to examine how birth order effects varies across households. I find that first-born children score 0.2 of a standard deviation higher on cognitive and non-cognitive outcomes than their later-born siblings. They also receive 10\% more in parental time, which accounts for more than half of the differences in outcomes. I document that birth order effects vary between 0.1 and 0.4 of a standard deviation across households with the effects being smaller in households with certain characteristics such as a high income. In chapter two, I build a model of intra-household resource allocation that endogenously generates the decreasing birth order effects in household income with the aim of using the model for counterfactual policy experiments. The model has a life-cycle framework in which a household with two children confronts a sequence of time constraints and a lifetime monetary constraint, and divides the available time and monetary resources between consumption and investment. The counterfactual experiment shows that an annual income transfer of 10,000 USD to low-income households decreases the birth order effects on cognitive and non-cognitive skills by one-sixth, which is five times bigger than the effect in high-income household. In chapter three, with Francesco Agostinelli and Matthew Wiswall, we examine the relative importance of investments at home and at school during an important transition for many children, entering formal schooling at kindergarten. Moreover, our framework allows for complementarities between children's skills and investments from schools. We find that investments from schools are an important determinant of children's skills at the end of kindergarten, whereas parental investments, although strongly correlated with end-of-kindergarten outcomes, have smaller effects. In addition, we document a negative complementarity between children's skills at kindergarten entry and investments from schools, implying that low-skill children benefit the most from an increase in the quality of schools. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Economics 2018

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:34:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MayaraLJB_DISSERT.pdf: 1993520 bytes, checksum: a4115cc58db013fd3492bae607af2afe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-27 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The direct relationship with the processing, industrial yield and price of milk, the importance of the centesimal composition of milk and their protein fractions has increased for both the dairy industry and for the producers, so it is important to identify the possible causes on variation of these components. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the seasons, order of calving and lactation phase on milk composition and protein fractions in dairy farms in the Agreste and Leste meso-regions, of Rio Grande do Norte State (RN). Milk samples were taken in seven milk farms directly from the bulk tanks except for one farm where samples were taken from higher milking cows producers and heifers. The experiment was done in seven properties with milk samples taken directly from the bulk tanks and in one property were collected from higher production cows and heifers. Composition analyses were carried out for both experiments and sensorial trial was performed for the second experiment only. The data results were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test performed for 5% significance level. In the first experiment was observed response of the seasons, dry and rainy season; while in the second, the effect of the order of calving and lactation phase had influence on milk composition and protein fractions. There was significant response (p < 0.05) for season effects but due to farms. The rainy season had higher averages in the protein, lactose, total solids and nonfat dry extract. Multiparous cows had higher CCS, NUL and PCAS milk contents; while, first calving heifers showed higher average for the sensory attribute, color of milk. The final third of lactation was responsible for the elevation of the levels of almost all milk components and their protein fractions / Mediante a crescente import?ncia da composi??o centesimal do leite e suas fra??es proteicas, para a ind?stria de latic?nios e para os produtores, em fun??o da rela??o direta com o processamento, rendimento industrial e pre?o do leite, torna-se relevante verificar poss?veis causas de varia??o desses componentes. Dessa forma, objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o efeito das esta??es do ano (seca e chuvosa), da ordem de parto e da fase de lacta??o sobre a composi??o do leite e suas fra??es proteicas em propriedades nas mesorregi?es agreste e leste do Rio Grande do Norte - RN. O experimento foi realizado em sete propriedades, com coleta de leite em tanques de expans?o e em uma destas por amostragem do lote de vacas de maior produ??o e de novilhas. Foram realizadas an?lises de composi??o do leite e sensorial. Os respectivos resultados foram analisados por meio da an?lise de vari?ncia (ANOVA) com as poss?veis diferen?as entre as m?dias (p<0,05) pelo teste de Tukey. N?o houve efeito da esta??o do ano nos componentes do leite. No entanto, houve efeito de intera??o da esta??o do ano com a fazenda na prote?na, lactose, s?lidos totais e no extrato seco desengordurado. Na composi??o do leite a ordem de parto influenciou os teores de CCS, NUL e PCAS e na sensorial o atributo cor. Os est?dios de lacta??o influenciaram os teores todos os componentes do leite, com exce??o do ESD