Thesis: Sanitation installation in a hotel with health resort The unit has 6 floors, it is partly with a cellar. The 1st floor is intended for spa purposes, the floors 3-5 serve as the acommodation area and in the 6th floor there is a machine room. The theoretic part is focused on the water problematics, on the type of sewages, including the labeling of their colors, and the following secondary use of the sewages. The next step is the choosing of the appropriate obtion. The project concerns the sanitation installation in a hotel with health resort.

Ett stort antal bristfälliga avlopp i Sverige bidrar till övergödningsproblematiken och behöver åtgärdas, ett särskilt problem i omvandlingsområden. Om kretsloppsanpassade avlopps-system implementeras när dessa åtgärdas utnyttjas avfallet som en resurs och näringsämnena återförs till jordbruksmark. För att åstadkomma denna systemförändring och uppnå ett fungerande kretslopp krävs acceptans hos och involvering av användarna. På grund av att tidigare forskning till stor del fokuserat på de tekniska aspekterna med avloppssystemen, finns ett behov av att utreda hur kommunikation med användarna bör ske och hur den är relaterad till acceptans. Syftet med studien är därför att genom en fallstudie förstå hur kommunikation kan bidra till användares acceptans för ett nytt avloppssystem samt att ta fram en kommunikationsplan för användning vid införande av kretsloppsanpassade vatten- och avloppssystem. Studien bygger på en dokumentstudie samt intervjuer med ansvariga för en kretsloppsanpassad systemförändring och boende i området där förändringen genomförs. Data analyseras kvalitativt och en SWOT-analys av det kretsloppsanpassade systemet genomförs. Studien kopplar samman acceptans, kommunikation och lärande, främst genom ett ramverk som bygger på att kommunikation kan påverka medvetenhet och intresse, förståelse, attityder, intentioner och handlingsutlösning. Resultatet visar att systemets olika aspekter och kommunikationen kring dem, kan utgöra både hinder och möjligheter för acceptans. Genomtänkt och välplanerad kommunikation anpassad efter målgruppen och med fokus på motiven bakom förändringen, kan dessutom minska motstånd och möjliggöra att information hos individen blir till kunskap, som i sin tur kan öka acceptansen. I studien belyses även att demografiska faktorer påverkar acceptansen, men svårligen låter sig påverkas av kommunikation, vilket tyder på att acceptans är både komplext och individuellt / A large number of insufficient on-site wastewater treatment systems in Sweden are contributing to the problems with eutrophication and are therefore in need of replacement. This is especially a problem in transition areas, where former summer house areas are becoming permanent. By implementing nutrient recycling systems in these areas, the waste is utilized as a resource and the nutrients are recycled as fertilizer. In order to achieve this system change and close the nutrient loop, social acceptance is necessary and the users need to be involved. Since previous research has focused mainly on technical aspects of wastewater systems, there is a need to investigate how communication with users should be handled and the relation between communication and acceptance. The aim of the study is therefore to, through a case study, understand how communication can contribute to user acceptance of a new wastewater system and to develop a plan for communication in nutrient recycling waste water projects. The study consists of a document study, interviews with professionals responsible for a nutrient recycling system change as well as interviews with residents affected by the change. Data is qualitatively analyzed and a SWOT-analysis of the system is conducted. The study connects acceptance, communication and learning through a framework stating that communication can affect awareness and interest, understanding, attitude, intention and readiness to act. The result shows that aspects of the system and communication regarding them can work either as an obstacle or as an enhancer of acceptance. Strategic communication adapted for the targeted group and with a focus on the motives for change, can also reduce resistance as well as facilitate learning, which in turn is needed for acceptance. The study also discusses acceptance related factors which are hard to affect with communication. Hence, the study concludes that acceptance is both complex and individual.

[pt] Concentrações de manganês acima de 0.02 mg L(-1) são suficientes para promover alterações organolépticas na água. O impacto conhecido como água preta capaz de manchar roupas e utensílios é gerado pela oxidação espontânea do íon Mn(II) para Mn(IV) e sua consequente precipitação na forma de MnO2. Essa oxidação pode ocorrer por diferentes agentes oxidantes como cloro e o próprio oxigênio dissolvido. Nas estações de tratamento de água, a remoção desse contaminante se dá geralmente pela oxidação iniciando na etapa de pré oxidação e terminando na filtração. Os oxidantes mais utilizados são permanganato de potássio, cloro e ozônio. O presente trabalho visou estudar a eficiência na remoção de manganês com o agente oxidante peróxido de hidrogênio através do processo de adsorção e oxidação. A água utilizada para o trabalho foi preparada sinteticamente mimetizando propriedades da água natural. O sistema consiste do Fe(OH)3 sólido para promover a adsorção de manganês dissolvido e a ação de dois floculantes: FeSO4 e Fe2(SO4)3. Foram elaborados 4 grupos de experimentos de plano fatorial completo com 3 fatores e 2 níveis. Dois desses quatro grupos foram utilizando FeSO4 como floculante enquanto os outros dois grupos com o floculante Fe2(SO4)3. Para cada floculante, um grupo de plano fatorial completo possuiu concentrações iniciais de peróxido de hidrogênio iguais a 3.7 e 7.4 mg L(-1) enquanto o outro possuiu as concentrações iniciais iguais a 0 e 7.4 mg L(-1). O outro fator analisado foi o pH que em todos os quatro grupos apresentou os níveis 6 e 9. Foram obtidos dois tipos de resultados principais para cada experimento, sendo um deles a concentração de manganês através da técnica de ICP-OES e o outro a concentração residual de peróxido de hidrogênio pela técnica de reflectância. Todos os resultados passaram pela análise de variância para indicar quais fatores foram significativos seja para a remoção de manganês, seja para o consumo de peróxido de hidrogênio. O pH foi observado como fator significativo o que já era esperado pela revisão bibliográfica. O agente oxidante só foi observado como significativo no grupo com Fe(3+) e concentrações iniciais de H2O2 iguais a 0 e 7.4 mg L(-1) . Dos 30 experimentos elaborados, 8 terminaram com concentrações de Mn(2+) abaixo do limite legal 0.1 mg L(-1) (Portaria MS 888/2021). Desses 8 experimentos, 6 continham pelo menos um dos íons de ferro e todos apresentaram pH igual a 9. Um desses resultados foi sem a adição de agente oxidante ou de íons de ferro. Em pH 7.5 a [Mn] pode ser reduzida para 0.2 mg L(-1) com [H2O2] = 5.5 mg L(-1) e [Fe] = 7.5 mg L(-1) . Os íons de ferro aumentam o impacto gerado na remoção de manganês à medida em que o tempo de reação aumenta. / [en] Manganese concentrations above 0.02 mg L(-1) are sufficient to promote organoleptic changes in water. The impact known as black water is capable of staining clothes and utensils. It is generated by the spontaneous oxidation of Mn(II) to Mn(IV) and its consequent precipitation in the form of MnO2. Thisoxidation occurs by different oxidizing agents such as chlorine and dissolved oxygen. In water treatment plants, the removal of this contaminant generally occurs through oxidation, starting in the peroxidation stage and ending with filtration. The most used oxidants are potassium permanganate, chlorine, and ozone. The present work aims to study the efficiency in removing manganese withthe oxidizing agent hydrogen peroxide through the process of adsorption and oxidation. Water used in the present work was prepared trying to mimic natural water. The system consists of solid Fe(OH)3 responsible for the adsorption of dissolved manganese and two flocculants: FeSO4 and Fe2(SO4)3. Four complete factorial groups were created with 3 factors 2 levels each. Two of these groups are using FeSO4 as flocculant while the other two groups use the flocculant Fe2(SO4)3. For each flocculant, one factorial group has initial hydrogen peroxide concentrations equal to 3.7 and 7.4 mg L(-1) while the other group has initial concentrations equal to 0 and 7.4 mg L(-1). The last factor analyzed was the pH, which in all four groups presented levels 6 and 9. Two types of main results were obtained for each experiment, one being the concentration of manganese through ICP-OES technique and the other is concentration of residual hydrogen peroxideby the reflectance technique. All results underwent analysis of variance to indicate which factors were significant for both manganese removal and hydrogen peroxide consumption. The pH was observed to be a significant factor, which was expected from the literature review. The oxidizing agent was only observed assignificant in the group with Fe(3+) ion and initial concentrations of H2O2 equal to 0and 7.4 mg L(-1). Out of the 30 experiments, 8 showed Mn(2+) concentrations belowthe legal limit of 0.1 mg L(-1)(Brazilian Drinking water standard MS 888/2021). Of the 8 experiments, 6 contained at least one of the iron ions and all had a pH of 9. One of these results had no oxidizing agent nor iron ions. In pH 7.5, the [Mn] canachieve 0.2 mg L(-1) as long as [H2O2] = 5.5 mg L(-1) and [Fe] = 7.5 mg L(-1). Iron ions have their effects increased in the removal of manganese as the reaction advancesin time.