The principal objectives of this empirical study were to test the hypothesis that eduction is a major determinant of people's earnings differentials and to calculate private and social rates of return to education of blacks in South Africa excluding Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda and Ciskei. Basically, the data for working men and women used in the study were extracted from the 1985 current Population survey files comprising a sample representative of the black population. Lifetime earnings profiles are constructed from these data for five educational levels, namely, no schooling up to standard 1, standards 2 to 4, standards 5 to 7, standards 8 to 9 and standard 10. Schooling is assumed to account for 60% of the income differentials between these profiles, after adjustment for the differing probabilities of finding work of persons in specific age-education groups. Imputed average household outlays on schooling are taken as the private direct cost of education supplemented by estimates of per pupil spending by the various government departments responsible for black schooling for calculation of the social costs per year of primary and secondary schooling. Indirect cost in the form of imputed foregone earnings are included from standard 5 (age 15) onwards. The resulting private internal rates of return to education of males are about 16% at primary level and 24% for secondary schooling. Corresponding social rates of return are about 6% for primary and 15% for secondary education. The estimates for females indicate that between no schooling and standards 2 to 4 level, the private and social rates of return are -1% and -4% respectively, from standards 2 to 4 to standards 5 to 7 level, private returns of 12% and social returns of 4% are reported and for the remaining secondary school phases private returns of 32% and social returns of 15% are estimated. It is implied that black education is receiving minimal government financial assistance compared to those of the other population groups. The evidence of the results of the study indicates that; besides education, marital status, locational, regional and occupational variables also influence earnings differentials, the governments responsible for black education should emphasize human capital investment in relation to physical capital investment, on average more educated persons are better off than the less educated ones and with the exception of female early primary schooling, generally, it is worthwhile for an individual to undertake a certain educational programme investment

M.Ed. (Mathematics) / The rising of the problem whether competency based education (CBE) programs produce better results than conventional edu - cational report. methods has been investigated and discussed in this A comprehensive literature study indicated that the upholders of the CBE program advocated beter results than the conventional educational methods. Research showed positive results. An empirical research on the micro-level was launched to de - termine whether this was the case or not. The procedure was to use a group N1-students, at a technical college of the Department of Education and Training, who were not familiar with the N1-Mathematics syllabus. An experimental group as well as a control group was selected at random. The experimental group was subjected to the CBEmethod and the control group to the conventional method of teaching of N-Mathematics. Prior to the research both groups were subjected to a standard N1-Mathematics test without preparation. These results were used for the pretest. The national N1-Mathematics examination was used for the post test, after completion of the course. The pretest results were compared to determine whether there was a significant difference in the level of the foreknowledge of the two groups...

M.Ed. (Media Science) / Aim of the study: To explore the theories, principles, new models and strategies of teaching and learning in order to provide an alternative to the traditional way of teaching and learning. To develop a multimedia programme in which individual learning is enhanced, using a Guided Self-study programme, being a combination of the Keller Plan and the Postlethwait system. 1.4 Method of investigation An exploration of literature as regards the use of particular media in individual learning. Studying media that will be used in drawing up an alternative programme in individual learning, utilizing a picture, a tape and study guide, bearing the models of learning in Chapter 2 in mind. 1.5 Structure of the study In the first chapter literature will be reviewed to gain an overview of the situation in Black education. Probable causes of the high failure rate in English will be examined through reports by examiners of English Second Language Higher Grade (1990a) and Motau (1990). Standard 7, 8 and 9 results will be studied to recognize the trend in performance especially in English literature, as this will be used in developing individualized programmes later in this study (see Appendix A and B). Bearing this knowledge in mind, the principles of learning by Mursell (1954) and Romiszowski's new model of learning will be examined in the light of the aims of teaching English, which emphasize the acquisition of certain skills and the use of the senses in teaching and learning (Compare paragraph 1.2.3). Romiszowski's model revives this awareness. Various learner-centred approaches will be highlighted in the second chapter (compare paragraph 2.5). The third chapter will concentrate on media. It should, however, be observed that media which have been thoroughly dealt with by other researchers in other studies will merely be alluded to. The author of this study acknowledges the views of previous researchers and would like to use only media that are affordable, and can easily be manipulated and duplicated. The fourth chapter will focus on a synthesis of the script and recommendations for further research. In Appendix A a multimedia programme for standard 9 is described. Appendix B contains a proposal for a multimedia programme for teaching English literature to standard 10. An attempt will be made to include Pottas's steps in drawing up a study guide, Romiszowski's new model (compare paragraph 1.3.5) and also skills, hierarchical frameworks and feedback models (compare paragraph 2.3). In this study the emphasis will be on individual learning. It will be endeavoured to use media and approaches by which individual learning is enhanced and which will motivate the learner to study independently.

M.A. (Psychology) / Post-traumatic Stress Disorder has been used to describe an individual's reaction to an event "outside the range of usual human experience". South African society is one fraught with violence, to the point where authors have contended that South Africans have become accustomed to a "culture of violence". Children and Adults are victims of this violence, "whether they be directly or indirectly affected by it. In such an unstable society the school can provide children with a setting which offers them stability and a normative influence. In order to make the school effective in the aid it offers its students, teachers have to be assisted in developing and strengthening already existing constructive ways of detecting and handling of children's problems. The teachers themselves also need to be provided with support in order to assist them with their own personal problems. This study examines the effects of trauma on the teacher-pupil relationship by providing workshops for teachers in order to learn from them and guide them in the assistance they give to children who have been profoundly affected by the violence in their environment being direct or indirect victims thereof. It is my hope that this exploratory study will broaden the understanding of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and provide useful guidelines in an understanding of the impact violence has on children.

M.Ed. (Curriculum Studies) / In his Introduction, Heunis (1984) describes Geomorphology as a "part-discipline of Geography that has as its field of study the landforms occurring on the Earth's surface". Geomorphology is a study of how these landforms are formed and the processes which have led to their formation. The content in Geomorphology has been extended to include new concepts. Selfinstruction is a program of study in which the pupil studies on his own. According to Swanevelder (1976:3) a model is a figure or diagram accompanied by a verbal explanation which clarifies the diagram. The problems in the teaching of Geomorphology will be stated, followed by the aim of the study and the program of study...

M.Ed. (Educational Management) / The present era is witnessing a situation where authority is rejected and or questioned (Rossouw, 1985: 15). Van der Walt (1980: 13) typifies' this era as a time when the new leftwing thinking is determined to rej ect God and His word. Brezinka (Van der Walt, 1980: 14) regards this line of thinking as an internationally, politically mot Lvat.ed outlook which is characterized by a deep-seated feeling of discontent with the existing social order. unfortunately, this type of situation has gained entry into Black schools in the R.S.A. Presently, there is turmoil in Black education which manifests itself in riots, intimidation, marches, gang warfare, demonstrations, sit-ins, in-fighting, guerilla-warfare-type of attacks and numerous other signs of discontent (Mkhize, 1986: 1). Therefore, over more than a decade, education for Blacks in the R.S.A. has not only been put under the spotlight, but also greatly politicized...

D.Ed. (Psychology of Education) / The problem of high dropout rate or early school leaving is causing widespread concern amongst educators. This study is undertaken as part of a group project on school dropout or premature school leaving, which is undertaken by the Rand Afrikaans University of South Africa (RAU) and the Ben Gurion University of Israel. The purpose of this project is to identify the at-risk pupil, research the causes of school dropout, and identify the consequences of early school leaving in order to determine preventative measures. The following 4 factors have been studied in the profile of the school dropoutsocio- econornic factors social support political factors; and issues relating to the school itself In South Africa the high dropout rate in Black schools especially is a cause for concern. Under the new educational system, desegregation of schools is the ideal. This will, however, probably not be achieved overnight, and the problem of school dropout in Black schools will remain a problem for some time to come. Even if desegregation has been fully achieved, it can be argued that certain causes of dropout will always remain the same because not all causes are school-related. The cultural and home situation of potential dropouts will not necessarily improve on account oftheir being in desegregated schools. The focus of this study, therefore, will remain relevant.

M.Ed. (Education) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

M.Ed. (Education Management) / The effectiveness of proper educational teaching can be ascribed to a great extent to the efficacy of principals. Consequently, this paper attempts to determine the requirements for successful principal ship in secondary schools of the Department Education and Training. On the basis of the annual reports of the Department Education and Training there seem to be certain striking problem areas which can be identified and with which the principals of this department have to cope ...

M.Ed. / Please refer to full text to view abstract