Introdução: O Transtorno Depressivo Maior (TDM) caracteriza-se por humor polarizado para depressão, diminuição de energia e atividade geral, assim como uma visão distorcida de si, do mundo e do futuro. Os pacientes podem apresentar postura corporal recurvada sem movimentos espontâneos e olhar abatido. Fatores intrínsecos e extrínsecos influenciam a postura corporal do indivíduo, tais como condições físicas do ambiente, estado sócio-cultural e emocional, atividade física e/ou obesidade. A imagem corporal, a qual é a imagem internalizada do próprio corpo, está intimamente ligada à postura. Objetivos: Avaliar a postura e a imagem corporal em pacientes com TDM no episódio depressivo (semana 1) e na remissão total ou parcial (semana 8 a 10), e comparar ao grupo controle. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo casocontrole observacional com 34 pacientes, com idades entre 37,62 (±8,20), sendo 26(76,5%) do sexo feminino e 8 (23,5%) do sexo masculino, portadores de TDM de acordo com os critérios do DSM IV-TR. O grupo controle é composto de 37 sujeitos sadios do ponto de vista físico e mental, com idade entre 34,78(± 6,21), sendo 29 (78,4%) do sexo feminino e8 (21,6%) do sexo masculino.A avaliação postural foi realizada através da técnica de fotogrametria utilizando um simetrógrafo, com um tripé posicionado a uma altura de 1m e a uma distância de 2,70 m do simetrógrafo, e uma base de apoio posicionada em frente a este, todos nivelados com bolha. Os pontos anatômicos foram identificados e assinalados a partir de palpação dos limites externos dos ossos e foram marcados com adesivos e bolas de isopor de 15 mm, para serem visualizados em vista lateral. O paciente estava vestido em trajes de banho, conforme a técnica de Penha et al. (2005). Foram realizadas fotografias em quatro poses na posição ortostática: frontal(anterior e posterior), sagital (esquerda e direita). Os ângulos e as distâncias entre as referências ósseas foram quantificados em graus e centímetros, respectivamente, e foram calculados com auxílio das linhas traçadas através do software Coreldraw v.12.0, com base nas linhas de referência do simetrógrafo e nos pontos ósseos marcados. Para a avaliação da imagem corporal foi utilizado o questionário Body Shape Questionnaire. Resultados: Houve diferença da postura no grupo depressivo entre a semana 1 (episódio depressivo) e a semanas 8 a 10 (remissão), onde no episódio ocorre, flexão de cabeça sagital direita e esquerda (p<0,001; p<0,001), aumento da cifose torácica direita e esquerda (p<0,001), tendência a abdução da escápula (p=0,046) e tendência a retroversão pélvica( p=0,012). Na comparação entre o grupo controle e o grupo depressivo semana 8-10 houve diferença entre apenas para a variável postura do ombro(p=0,009). Com relação à imagem corporal, houve diferença estatisticamente significativa no grupo de depressivo entre semana 1 e 8-10 (p= 0,007), a pontuação foi de 90,03 (±38,46) na semana 1 e 75,82 (± 35,30) nas semanas 8-10. O grupo controle não apresenta insatisfação com a imagem corporal assim como os pacientes depressivos na remissão. Conclusão: Os resultados mostraram que o paciente depressivo no episódio apresentou alteração da postura com: aumento da cifose, aumento da inclinação anterior da cabeça, tendência a retroversão pélvica e abdução da escápula. Na remissão há melhora desta postura sendo similar ao grupo controle. Com relação à imagem corporal os pacientes depressivos apresentaram insatisfação leve no episódio. Na remissão não há insatisfação com a imagem corporal assim como o grupo controle. Portanto o paciente depressivo apresenta alteração da postura e da imagem corporal devido aos sinais e sintomas do TDM / Introduction: The Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is characterized by mood polarized for depression, decreased energy and general activity, as well as a distorted vision of itself, the world and the future. Patients may present curved body posture and without spontaneous movements and looking shot. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing the body posture of the individual, such as physical conditions of the environment, state sociocultural and emotional, physical activity and/or obesity. The body image, which is the image of internalised own body, is closely linked to posture. Objectives: To assess the posture and body image in patients with MDD in depressive episode (week 1), and remission (week 8 a 10) in, and compared to control group. Methods: This was an observational case-control study with 34 patients, aged 37.62 (± 8.20), and 26 (76.5%) female and 8 (23.5%) of sex men, diagnostic of TDM according to the criteria of the DSM-IV TR. The control group is composed of 37 healthy subjects from a physical and mental, aged 34.78 (± 6.21), 29 (78.4%) females and 8 (21.6%) of mens. A posture assessment was performed by using a technique of photogrammetry simetrógrafo, with a tripod positioned at a height of 1m and a distance of 2.70 meters from the simetrógrafo, and a base of support positioned in front of him. The anatomical points were identified and marked from palpation of the external limits of the bones and were marked with adhesive dots and small balls to be viewed in side view. The patient was dressed in swim wear, as the technique of Penha et al. (2005). Photographs were taken in four poses in the standing position: front (anterior and posterior), sagittal (left and right). The angles and distances between references bone were measured in degrees and centimeters, respectively, and were calculated with the help of lines drawn through software CorelDraw v.12.0, based on the lines of reference of simetrógrafo and points marked bone. For the evaluation of body image was used questionnaire Body Shape Questionnaire. Results: There was a difference of attitude between the depressive group in week 1 (depressive episode) and 8 to 10 weeks (remission), with : head inclination right and left (p <0001, p <0001), increased of thoracic kyphosis (p <0001), the abduction of the scapula (p=0,046) and tendency to retroversion pelvic (p= 0,012). In the comparison between the control group and the depressed group there was a difference between 8-10 weeks only to the variable position of the shoulder (p = 0009). With regard to body image, there was a statistically significant difference in the group of depression between week 1 and 8-10 (p = 0007), the score was 90.03 (± 38.46) in week 1 and 75.82 (± 35.30) in 8-10 weeks. The control group does not show dissatisfaction with body image and depressive patients in remission. Conclusion: The results showed that patients with depressive episode showed change in the posture with: increased kyphosis, increased head anterior inclination, tendency to retroversion of pelvis abduction and abduction of scapula. In remission there is improvement this attitude is similar to the control group. With regard to body image, patients with mild depressive episode showed dissatisfaction. In remission there is dissatisfaction with body image and the control group. Therefore the patient presents depressing change of posture and body image because of the signs and symptoms of TMD

As transformações sociais com a excessiva valorizção da imagem corporal idealizada esteticamente, em especial das mamas como símbolo da feminilidade, submete as mulheres a procurar recursos cirúrgicos para adequar sua aparência aos padrões vigentes. A maior facilidade de acesso às cirurgias estéticas repercute na prática assistencial e observamos um número crescente de mulheres com mamoplastia. O objetivo deste estudo foi de compreender a experiência de amamentação de um grupo de mulheres com mamoplastia redutora e de aumento. A pesquisa qualitativa foi desenvolvida utilizando o modelo teórico representativo da experiência de amamentar, \"Pesando Riscos e Benefícios\", elaborado por Silva (1997), e o Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC) para organização dos dados. Participaram do estudo 14 mulheres, sendo oito com mamoplastia redutora e seis com implante mamário, as quais expressaram o desejo de amamentar e apresentavam boas condições clínicas e, mãe e recém-nascido tinham qualquer distúrbio impeditivo à amamentação. Na ocasião das entrevistas, cerca de um mês após o nascimento, no grupo de mulheres com mamoplastia redutora, a amamentação exclusiva foi observada em caráter de exceção, duas mulheres desmamaram e seis estavam em aleitamento materno. As mulheres com prótese mamária, metade estavam amamentando exclusivmente e as restantes, em aleitamento materno. Na análise dos dados foram extraídos 16 DSC, distribuídos em quatro temas: \"Opção pela cirurgia plástica e o projeto de amamentação\", \"Vivenciando a prática da amamentação\", Reflexão sobre a interface da cirurgia com o processo de amamentação\" e \"Conciliar o papel de mãe, nutriz e mulher - não é fácil\". Os DSC revelaram o movimento de mulheres em buscar a mamoplastia para obtenção de maior satisfação com a imagem corporal e as ansiedades decorrentes da opção cirúrgica que afloram na gestação ou no pós-parto ao se depararem com a prática da amamentação. Ao vivenciarem a amamentação, as mulheres avaliaram a capacidade de produzir leite em quantidade adequada às necessidades do filho. O complemento lácteo apareceu como benefício à mulher, sendo uma estratégia para prolongar o período de amamentação e postergar o desmame e, por vezes, como auxílio para recuperação dos traumas mamilares. As mulheres em sua maioria acreditam que a mamoplastia interferiu na amamentação, observando dificuldade de ejeção e produção láctea reduzida. As mulheres que não foram capazes de manter a amamentação exclusiva expressam sentimento de culpa pela opção cirúrgica e procuraram garantir o vínculo com o filho e transmitir o amor materno construindo outras estratégias. As dificuldades em amamentar foram pautadas em questões biológicas e estruturais da glândula mamária e não em questões culturais de valorização do corpo feminino. A crença social e dos profissionais da área da saúde que a mulher com mamoplastia não deseja amamentar, para não comprometer o resultado estético de suas mamas obtido pela cirurgia não se evidenciou. Percebe-se que permanece a intenção da mulher em manter sua imagem em corcordância com os padrões idealizados, projetando a possibilidade de repetir a cirurgia no futuro / The social transformations with excessive valuation of the aesthetically idealized body image and, specially the breasts as femininity, submit the women to search surgical resources in order to adequate their appearance to the present patterns. The bigger easiness of access to the aesthetical surgeries reverberates on the first-aid practice and we observe an increasing number of women with mammoplasty. The object of present study was to understand the breastfeeding experience of a group of women with reducing and enlarging mammoplasty. The qualitative research was developed utilizing the representative theoretical model of the breastfeeding experience \"Pesando Riscos e Benefícios\" [Weighing Risks and Benefits] elaborated by Silva (1997) and for the data organization the Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC) [Collective Subject Speech]. It has participated in the study 14 women being 8 with reducing mammoplasty and 6 with mammary implant, that expressed the desire for breastfeeding and that presented good clinical conditions and both, mother and newborn, did not have any impeditive disturbance to the breastfeeding. By the occasion of the interviews, about one month after the birth, in the group of women with reducing mammoplasty, the exclusive breastfeeding was observed in exception character, two women have weaned and six were in maternal feeding. On the women with mammary prosthesis, half of them was exclusively breastfeeding and the remaining, on maternal feeding. In the data analysis there were drawn 16 DSCs, distributed in four themes: \"Options for the plastic surgery and the breastfeeding project\", \"Experiencing the breastfeeding practice\", \"Reflection about the surgery interface with the breastfeeding process\" and \"Conciliating the mother, nourisher and woman role - it is not easy\". The DSCs have disclosed the women motion searching the mammoplasty for achieving greater satisfaction with the body image and the anxieties elapsing from the surgical option that arise on the gravidity or on the post-partum when facing with the breastfeeding practice. When experiencing the breastfeeding, the women have assessed the capacity for producing milk in a quantity adequte to the child necessities. The lactic complement has shown up as a benefit for the woman, being a strategy for extending the beastfeeding period and postponing the weaning and, many times, as a help for recovering from the mammilary traumas. Most of the women believe that the mammoplasty has interfered in the breastfeeding, observing ejection difficulty and reduced lactic production. The women that were not capable of sustaining the exclusive breastfeeding expressed guilty sense for the surgical option and tried to ensure the entailment with the child and to transmit the maternal love building new strategies. The difficulties for breastfeeding were guided by biological and structural questions of the mammary gland and not by cultural questions of female body valuation. The social belief and among the professionals of the area that the woman with mammoplasty do not desire to breastfeed in order to not compromise the static results of her breasts achieved through surgery has not been shown clearly, although being perceived that it remains the intention for keeping her image according to the idealized patterns, projecting the possibility for repeating the surgery in the future

Fundamentando-se nas perspectivas teóricas da análise do discurso de linha francesa e da psicanálise lacaniana, busca-se investigar o significante corpo em uma paciente anoréxica. Considerando-se que o caráter primordial do significante se exerce em relação ao sujeito, buscamos compreender o sujeito anoréxico através da investigação do significante corpo. O material analisado foi constituído por uma entrevista semi-estruturada, realizada com uma paciente diagnosticada como anoréxica, em tratamento no Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. De acordo com os referenciais teóricos, a análise dos dados foi qualitativa e obedeceu ao paradigma indiciário. A análise da entrevista permitiu-nos observar que o significante \"corpo\" atrelou-se aos significantes \"peso\" e \"alimentação\" em uma mesma cadeia: como \"a única coisa que eu consigo controlar na minha vida\". O significante corpo constituiu, para o sujeito, a via encontrada na busca por sua alteridade. Desse modo, essa cadeia significante veio compor a ordem da identidade e da alteridade, sob a égide do (sem)controle. Concluímos que a queixa muda da anoréxica, enunciada sob o comportamento da recusa alimentar, era dirigida ao Outro como uma tentativa de alcançar sua alteridade. / Basing theoretical perspectives of analysis on the discourse of the Lacanian and the French line of psychoanalysis, the body signifier of an anorexic patient was investigated. Remembering that the primordial character of the signifier exerts an influence on the subject, we attempted to understand the anorexic individual through an investigation of body signifiers. The analyzed material was formed from a semi-structured interview of a patient diagnosed as anorexic, who was being treated in the Teaching Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto. According to theoretical references, data analysis was qualitative and followed the indicated paradigm. Analysis of the interview allowed us to observe that the body signifier was linked to the ?weight? and ?feeding? signifiers in a single chain, as ?the only thing that I can control in my life?. The body signifier constituted, for the individual, the way the patient found to identify her alterity. Thus, this signifier chain established the order of the identity and alterity, by the support of (lack of)control. In conclusion, the silent complaint of anorexia, confirmed by the behavior of refusing to eat, is directed at the ?Big Other? in an attempt to attain alterity.

Orientadores: Lúcia Eustáchio Fonseca Ribeiro, Luise Weiss / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T14:53:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Perillo_DaniloRoberto_M.pdf: 101855840 bytes, checksum: 21ae5cefa474ad44a8479f294517fef5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O presente volume resgata uma trajetória artística que sempre teve neste percurso um intenso diálogo com o corpo humano. Mais do que entender esta relação, o que busco aqui é apresentar parte da história desta pesquisa, explicitando aquilo que a minha visão - parcial e afetiva - permite mostrar, na esperança que as lacunas possam ser preenchidas pelas respostas que o próprio trabalho contém. Trata-se da visão e do texto de um artista / Abstract: This volume takes up an artistic trajectory that has always been this way a dialogue with the human body. Than understanding this relationship, I seek here is to present part of the history of this research, explaining what my vision - partial and affective - to show in the hope that the gaps may be filled by the responses that the work itself contains. It is the vision and the text of an artist / Mestrado / Artes Visuais / Mestre em Artes

Orientador: Maria da Consolação Gomes Cunha Fernandes Tavares / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T11:36:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferreira_Lucilene_D.pdf: 6053153 bytes, checksum: 4b620680f1627e0dfa967866afd6ab8f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A imagem corporal é a representação mental do corpo existencial. É um processo dinâmico, singular e estruturado nas experiências corporais do sujeito. Graças ao dinamismo da imagem corporal, é possível haver adaptação e desenvolvimento dessa imagem mesmo com as constantes alterações que ocorrem nas dimensões física, psíquica e social, vivenciadas pelo idoso em detrimento ao processo de envelhecimento. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi traduzir, adaptar transculturalmente e validar para a língua portuguesa no Brasil as escalas Body Apreciation Scale, Life satisfaction Index for the Third Age e Aging Perception Questionnaire em idosos brasileros. A pesquisa compreendeu duas fases: (1) tradução e adaptação cultural das escalas e (2) Avaliação psicométrica das escalas. Para a realização da primeira fase - tradução e adaptação transcultural das escalas - procedemos com as recomendações do Guia American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons/Institute of Work & Health. (BEATON et al, 2002) seguindo cinco etapas que constou de tradução, síntese das traduções, retrotradução, comitê de peritos e pre-teste. Apenas na última etapa, o pre-teste, seguimos as recomendações de Malhotra (2006) e Ferreira et al. (2011). Na segunda fase da pesquisa, procedemos com a análise psicométrica dos instrumentos, desse modo, estabelecemos evidências de validade do constructo e confiabilidade interna das três escalas através da análise fatorial confirmatória em uma amostra não probabilística de 606 idosos, com idade superior a 60 anos. Todas as escalas reportaram confiabilidade interna, com valores de Alpha de Cronbach e confiabilidade composta adequados, bem como, estabelecemos validade convergente e discriminante. De uma forma geral, para as escalas BAS, LSITA e APQ, a amostra reportou respectivamente, apreciação corporal, satisfação com a vida e percepção positiva do envelhecimento. Pesquisas futuras poderiam investigar a associação desses constructos com outros aspectos inerentes ao processo de envelhecimento utilizando amostras probabilísticas e estudo com desenhos metodológicos diferentes, como por exemplo, longitudinais. Além disso, poderiam investigar a relação de causalidade, através da Modelagem de Equação Estrutural, entre os três constructos. Concluindo, acreditamos que a tradução, adaptação transcultural e a realização dos estudos psicométricos das escalas podem contribuir para as áreas de saúde e social na compreensão do comportamento da imagem corporal na velhice / Abstract: The body image is the mental representation of the existential body. It is a dynamic, singular and structured process in the one's body experience. Due to the body image dynamism it is possible to have adaption and development of this image, even with the constant changes that occur in the, physical, psychic and social dimensions lived by the elderly rather than the aging process. The aim of this research was to adapt transculturally and to validate to the Brazil's Portuguese language the scales Body Appreciation Scale, Life satisfaction Index for the Third Age and Aging Perception Questionnaire in the Brazilian elderly. The research comprised in two phases: (1) translation and cultural adaptation of the scales and (2) psychometric evaluation of the scales. To accomplish the first phase - translation and adaptation of the scales -the procedure was according to the recommendations of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons/Institute of Work & Health. (BEATON et al, 2002) following five steps which consisted of translation, back translation, experts committee, and pre-test. Just in the last step, the pre-test, it was followed the Malhotra (2006) and Ferreira et al., (2011) recommendations. On the second phase of the research, the procedure was with the psychometric analysis of the instruments, so that, it was established evidences of the construct validation and internal reliability of the three scales through the confirmatory factorial analysis in a non-probabilistic sample of 606 elderly, over 60 years. All the scales reported internal reliability, with Cronbach alpha values and appropriated composed reliability as the discriminant and convergent validation. In general, for the scales BAS, LSITA e APQ, the sample reported respectively, body appreciation, life satisfaction and positive aging perception. Future researches could investigate the association of those constructs with other intrinsic aspects to the aging process using probabilistic samples and studies with different methodological drawings, as for instance, longitudinal. Besides they could investigate causality relation, through Structural Equation Modeling, among the three constructs. However, it was believed that the translation, transcultural adaptation and the accomplishment of the psychometric studies of the scales can bring contribution to the health and social areas into the understanding of the behavior of the body image during the old age / Doutorado / Atividade Fisica Adaptada / Doutor em Educação Física

Fragmented speech, the discovery of which forms the basis of this dissertation, provides the aim and direction of our thesis. The aim is to clarify precisely what fragmented speech is, and subsequently define its application. In this thesis, we begin by providing the historical background to the initial collision between psychoanalysis and literature. This broad base provides the impetus needed in order to formulate certain conclusions regarding the unconscious and the dialogic. Our methodology involves a combination of Freudo-Lacanian theory and Bakhtinian linguistics. As we approach an understanding of our subject, it becomes increasingly necessary to develop the issues surrounding the significance of fragmented speech. The significance of our work becomes focused when we provide an analysis of a `psychotic discourse', namely, the Memoirs of My Nervous Illness, by President Schreber – using the methodology described. In the final stages of our thesis fragmented speech becomes a symptom of psychosis. Under pressure from the unconscious, the image of speech may fragment. It is the interaction between the body image and the speech image that provides us with a speech complex. Consequently, this dissertation discovers fragmented speech at the very heart of the psychoanalytic session.

Research has explored the increasing muscularity of male bodies in popular media, the cultural ideal of masculinity, and its effect on body dissatisfaction in young men, but similar research with young women nearly always focuses on “thinness as the cultural ideal for femininity” (Eisenberg, Wall, & Neumark-Sztainer, 2012). This study addresses the lack of research exploring the increasing muscularity of female bodies in popular media and explores the depiction of the healthy and fit female body via health and fitness content on social media platforms. In particular, it discusses this particular bodily presentation’s potential to play a bigger part in body satisfaction, body image concerns, and the cultural ideal of femininity today than it has previously. This study examines a group of young women’s (ages 17-22) perceptions of health and fitness media online via five focus groups and one interview. This research was conducted to explore their understandings and interpretations of health and fitness content on social media, with particular attention to the representation of the healthy and fit body on Instagram. The data reveal how the girls negotiated, and often critiqued, the limited representation of the concepts of health and of fitness. In spite of some of the affordances of social media, in particular the ability for users to contribute content that might challenge traditional and/or stereotypical media representations, numerous constraints appear to normalize a particular body that is deemed healthy and/or fit. It would appear that certain bodies (are allowed to) perform health and fitness in specific ways and these representations have implications that relate to gender, race, ethnicity, class, and consumption. / Graduate

Both theory and research implicate appearance comparison processes in the development of body image disturbance and disordered eating. Although several measures of appearance comparison exist, each has significant limitations. The Physical Appearance Comparison Scale-Revised (PACS-R) and its earlier versions are measures designed to assess the frequency of appearance comparisons among men and women. In the current study, the PACS-R was revised to (a) examine comparisons of weight/shape, muscularity, and overall physical appearance, (b) include items to assess comparisons with distal targets, (c) provide an assessment of upward versus downward comparisons, and (d) provide an assessment of the acute emotional impact of comparisons. The psychometric properties of the newly revised measure, labeled the PACS-3, were then examined in a college sample. The PACS-3 was administered to 1,533 college men and women, along with existing measures of appearance comparison, body satisfaction, eating pathology, and self-esteem. In Study 1, exploratory factor analysis was conducted to examine the factor structure of the PACS-3. In Study 2, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to verify the resulting factor structure. In addition, the internal consistency, convergent validity, incremental validity, and two-week test-retest reliability of PACS-3 scores were examined. The final PACS-3 is comprised of 27 items and nine subscales: Frequency: Proximal, Frequency: Distal, Frequency: Muscular, Direction: Proximal, Direction: Distal, Direction: Muscular, Effect: Proximal, Effect: Distal, Effect: Muscular. PACS-3 subscale scores demonstrated good reliability and convergent validity. Moreover, PACS-3 subscales improved the prediction of body satisfaction and disordered eating relative to existing measures of appearance comparison, supporting the incremental validity of the scale. Future research may seek to examine the psychometric properties of the scale in more diverse samples, as well as associations between the PACS-3 and additional theoretically related constructs (e.g., drive for muscularity).

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Background: Obesity is increasing worldwide, and cultural perception of body image is considered an important contributor to the obesity epidemic among black Africans. Aim: To explore the association between body image perceptions and perceived obesity threat, change in adiposity, and total cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk. Study Design: This is a mixed-methods study embedded in the PURE longitudinal cohort study involving adults aged 35-78 years in South Africa. Data Collection/Analysis: This included analysis of baseline cross-sectional data, the conduct of a qualitative study and a cross-sectional follow-up survey. Sex-specific logistic regression models of excessive adiposity were determined. Body image perception indexes were obtained based on 'Feel- Ideal' difference (FID) and 'Feel-Actual' discordance (FAD). Bivariate analyses and analysis of variance were used to determine the relationships between body image and adiposity, annual changes in weight and adiposity. The correlations between body image indexes (FID and FAD) and total 10- year CVD risk score were determined – controlling for possible confounders. Qualitative data was managed with ATLAS-ti software and analysed thematically. Results: The prevalence of excessive body fat at baseline and at 5-year follow-up based on body fat percent were 96.0% and 79.6% for women, and 44.3% and 62.2% for men respectively. The majority of the obese (85%) and overweight (79%) participants underestimated their weight, and weight discordance status was inversely associated with the willingness to lose weight. Mean total 10-year CVD risk score was 18.7%, and 61% of men and 26% of women with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 had CVD risk scores ≥ 20%. Bivariate analyses indicated that FID and FAD were significantly associated with annual changes in weight and adiposity. FAD index had a significant but weak correlation with total CVD risk score (r = 0.13, p-value = 0.001) when adjusted for covariates. Conclusion: Body image discordance was associated with an annual change in adiposity, total 10- year CVD risk scores, and there was poor obesity risk perception, and low motivation towards weight loss among predominantly obese black adults with negative body image. Interventions to reduce obesity need to address negative body image, poor obesity risk perception, self-efficacy and motivation towards weight loss. / National Research Foundation; Chromnic Disease Initiative for Africa (CDIA); National Institute of Health (NIH)

The theoretical part of the diploma thesis "The influence of media on perception of body image by adolescents" describes the developmental stage of adolescence, body image and terms connected with this issue. The period of adolescence is showed from many points of view. Subsequently, there follows the description of media, advertising and strategies which influnce the perception of media and also the adolescents' behavior as consumers. The empirical part contains the result of the questionnaire which was attended by a group of respondents aged between 15 to 20. The task was to determine the influence of advertising as means of media on body image by adolescents and how this youth groug perceives its body. In the final part there is a summary of findings of the perception of adolescents' body image and the influence of media on its perception.