Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1983.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1983.

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The principal aim of this thesis was to investigate the effects of altering the energy density of the diet (kJ/g) on post-restriction weight regain in domestic cats and laboratory mice. Secondly, evidence for body weight regulation was examined in mice. In cats, consumption of the same number of calories of a low energy dense diet (with added water) induced significantly less weight rebound than a more energy dense diet (with no added water). This was accounted for by differences in physical activity, as cats on the low energy dense diet were significantly more active. It was assumed the less energy dense diet held cats in a perceived state of energy restriction and they were actively searching for more food. In mice, cellulose was used to alter the energy density of the diet. Post-restriction body weight rebound was also observed on an energy dense diet (no cellulose). However, body weight not did reach pre-restriction levels when consuming a low energy dense diet (with added cellulose) and digestibility was significantly reduced. It was likely that the fibre-rich induced a gut processing limit on the bulk of digestible food that could be consumed. Overall, the energy density of the diet was shown to modulate post-restriction body weight rebound, but results varied with species and the energy dilutant used. The implications for human weight management have yet to be elucidated. The second principle finding was that post-restriction hyperphagia was induced to replenish food deficiencies incurred during caloric restriction, rather than to replenish body mass loss in mice. This provided preliminary evidence for a ‘calorie-counting’ body weight regulatory system in mammals.

This dissertation examined whether factors specific to the perceiver influence whom he/she labels as “fat.” Building upon research examining the role that one‟s level of identification with a group (Castano, Yzerbyt, Bourguignon, & Seron, 2002; Leyens & Yzerbyt, 1992) and one‟s prejudice level (Allport, 1954; Allport & Kramer, 1946) play in the process of categorizing others, this dissertation examined whether one‟s body weight centrality and prejudice against fat people influence whom he/she labels as “fat.” Further, to understand the mechanism explaining the link between these factors and the labeling process, this dissertation also explored whether motivational factors underlie whom a perceiver labels as “fat.” Undergraduate females who self-identified as “not fat” were recruited for two studies that addressed these goals. Study one examined whether perceivers‟ prejudice levels and body weight centrality levels influenced how they categorized others based upon body weight and whether this categorization process represented a threat to the self. Study two examined further examined the role of prejudice and body weight centrality in body weight-based categorization as well as whether the desire to protect the in-group from contamination motivates the categorization process. Hypotheses were tested through a series of multiple regression analyses. Findings suggest that both prejudice towards fat people and the importance that one places upon body weight in one‟s feelings of self-worth predicted the fat threshold. Further, evidence did not support the hypothesized impact of motivational factors on the link between prejudice or body weight centrality and the fat threshold. Implications and limitations are discussed.

No description available.

No description available.

Obesity is a significant issue for health care systems over the world, including Taiwan. In particular, obesity is a chronic disease with monumental public health implications, which associated with metabolic syndrome, and weight reduction was suggested to first line treatment. The objective of the study is to explore the efficacy (including of body composition and blood biochemical lab data) after ear acupuncture combined therapy with diet and physical activity . Participants and Setting: 369 people which belong to overweight ( BMI¡Ù24 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI¡Ù 27kg/m2 ) and a 12-week body weight control trial (purposive sampling trial) from July to December 2006. Intervention: Ear acupuncture was treated weekly for 12 weeks and participants need to keep their regular daily diet and physical activity. Our objective is to explore the efficacy (including of body composition and blood biochemical laboratory data) after 12-week body weight control trial. Results: Participants and Setting: 369 people and a 12-week body weight control trial from July to December 2006, the average of body weight for participants reduction 13.9 ¡Ó 5.0 Kg (p<0.001). BMI for participants reduction 5.3 ¡Ó 1.8 (p<0.001). Body fat for participants reduction 8.8 ¡Ó 2.5 % (p<0.001). Waist circimference for participants reduction 12.8 ¡Ó 5.8 cm (p<0.001). Waist to hip ratio for participants reduction 0.03 ¡Ó0.04 (p<0.001).Fasting sugar for participants reduction 5.0 ¡Ó 12.0 mg/dl (p<0.001). Total cholesterol for participants reduction 30.1 ¡Ó 26.2 mg/dl (p<0.001). LDL-cholesterol for participants reduction 31.2 ¡Ó 24.8 mg/dl (p<0.001). HDL-cholesterol for participants increasing 7.4 ¡Ó 7.8 mg/dl (p<0.001). Triglyceride for participants reduction 24.5 ¡Ó 52.1 mg/dl (p<0.001) GPT for participants reduction 16.1 ¡Ó 24.3 mg/dl (p<0.001). Uric acid for participants reduction 1.0 ¡Ó 5.5 mg/dl (p<0.001). But hemoglobin for participants reduction 0.5 ¡Ó 0.6 g/dl (p<0.001). Conclusion: These findings indicate that 12-week body weight control trial can be effective in treating obesity.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2004. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 55 p. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

Blood pressure (BP) measurement reliability, year-to-year BP tracking, distinguishing characteristics of upper quintile (UQ) vs lower four quintiles' (LQ) systolic BP (SBP) tracking and the relationships of fat distribution and body composition to SBP were examined in 57 youth. Subjects were measured on two occasions approximately one year apart. Longitudinal measures included auscultatory BPs, height, weight, body circumferences, skeletal widths, bioelectrical impedance and skinfolds. Inter-trial reliability of right/left arm averaged BP (RLBP) exceeded that of either limb alone; tracking magnitude was likewise greater with RLBP. Greater total body mass and fatness as well as larger anthropometric dimensions distinguished UQ from LQ SBP trackers. Fat distribution and SBP were not consistently associated with each other across study years. Irrespective of gender differences, fatness and fat free mass per unit height2 were independently related to within year SBP, yet only initial fatness was independently predictive of future SBP.