Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rogerio Donizetti Campos de Oliveira.pdf: 790388 bytes, checksum: 48894d69079726be43d55124d3c4755d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-19 / This monographic research is an exhibition of why the possibility of regulation of lobby in Brazil. With inserted lobby in the United States sought to trace here the way of regulation of the activity in Brazil highlighting the peculiarities of the political system to serve as a support for new legislation. In comparative law, Argentina, Chile, Mexico and Peru, has its particular scope to check the usefulness of some institutes the Brazilian legal system. In short, the lobby would act as a device or technique to solve the confusing web of greed because of the acceleration and quality of knowledge facilitated by this in order to ensure optimal management of resources proposed in the administration of the state and its policies. The foregoing teaching takes care of the analysis of a particular institute in a legal system to prove its plausible use in another system, since reconciled to the reality and the mobilized society to influence the government by which she was elected as a representative, for their rights, It is the lobby of these representations / A presente pesquisa monográfica faz uma exposição de o porquê da possibilidade da regulamentação do lobby no Brasil. Com o lobby inserido nos Estados Unidos buscou-se aqui traçar o caminho da regulamentação da atividade no Brasil ressaltando as peculiaridades do sistema político para que sirva de apoio para uma nova legislação. No direito comparado, Argentina, Chile, México e no Peru, tem seu escopo específico de conferir a serventia de alguns institutos ao ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Em resumo, o lobby atuaria como um dispositivo ou técnica para solucionar a confusa teia de ganâncias em razão do aceleramento e qualidade do conhecimento por este facilitado, de modo a garantir uma excelente administração dos recursos propostos na administração do Estado e suas políticas. O ensinamento exposto cuida da análise de determinado instituto em um ordenamento jurídico para comprovação de sua plausível utilidade em outro ordenamento, desde que conciliado à realidade e com a sociedade mobilizada para influenciar o poder público que por ela foi eleita como representante, pelos seus direitos, sendo o lobby uma dessas representações

Le sujet de cette thèse de doctorat est la mesure de la corruption. Ses principales contributions à la recherche en économie sont une réflexion sur la pratique actuelle de construction d'indicateurs de la corruption à partir d'enquêtes d’entreprises, et la suggestion d'approches innovantes visant à améliorer la qualité de ces indicateurs. Cette thèse est composée de trois chapitres. Le premier chapitre examine la mesure dans laquelle demander à des propriétaires et gestionnaires d’entreprise d'évaluer la magnitude de la corruption en pourcentage de leur chiffre d'affaires ou en termes monétaires influence leurs estimations, et les raisons expliquant cette différence. Je confirme des résultats antérieurs que les estimations de la corruption sont significativement plus élevées lorsqu'elles sont exprimées en pourcentage de chiffres d’affaires plutôt qu'en valeur monétaire. Ce résultat est vraisemblablement causé par une erreur de calcul de la part de certains répondants. L'expérience dans la gestion d'entreprise limite cette propension à l'erreur, sans toutefois l'éliminer complètement. Le deuxième chapitre évalue comment les chefs d'entreprise ayant remporté des marchés publics considérés à risque de corruption se comportent vis-à-vis d'une enquête sur les marchés publics. Je conclus que les entreprises ayant une plus grande expérience de la corruption ne sont pas plus susceptibles de refuser de participer à l'enquête ou de répondre à une question leur demandant d'estimer la magnitude de la corruption, mais ont une probabilité plus élevée que les autres de nier l'existence de corruption dans les marchés publics. Le troisième chapitre propose une approche innovante d'identification des répondants réticents dans les enquêtes d'entreprise et de correction des indicateurs de fréquence de la corruption. / The topic of this doctoral thesis is corruption measurement. Its main contributions to economic research are a reflection on the current practice of producing corruption indicators using business survey data, and suggesting innovative approaches to improve the quality of those indicators. This thesis is composed of three Chapters. The first Chapter investigates how asking firm owners and managers to estimate the magnitude of bribery as a percentage of their turnover or in monetary terms affects their estimations and the reasons for this difference. I confirm previous findings that estimates of bribery are significantly higher when expressed as a percentage of turnover rather than in monetary value. This result is likely due to miscalculations on the part of some respondents. Experience in running a business appears to mitigate this propensity to error, but without eliminating entirely. The second Chapter evaluates how firm owners and managers which were awarded public contracts considered at risk of corruption behave in responding to a survey about public procurement. I conclude that firms with more experience of corruption are no more likely to decline participating in the survey or to answer a question asking them to evaluate the magnitude of bribery, but have a higher probability to deny the existence of bribery compared to firms with less experience of corruption. The third Chapter suggests an innovative approach to identify reticent respondents in business surveys and to correct indicators for the frequency of corruption accordingly.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2004. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 531-544).

published_or_final_version / Sociology / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Korupcinio nusikalstamumo kontrolė ir jo teisinis reglamentavimas yra viena iš prioritetinių įstatymų leidybos krypčių – siekiama numatyti ir kriminalizuoti visas korupcinio nusikalstamumo apraiškas. Prekyba poveikiu, kaip specifinė pasyviojo ir aktyviojo kyšininkavimo forma, įtvirtinta Lietuvos Respublikos baudžiamajame įstatyme vykdant tarptautinius įsipareigojimus dėl korupcinių nusikaltimų regalamentavimo. Ši nusikalstamos veikos sudėtis nustato baudžiamąją atsakomybę asmeniui, siekiančiam pasinaudoti savo turimu poveikiu tam tikriems įtakingiems subjektams, kurie gali atitinkamai veikti papirkėjo interesais ir už tai gauna neteisėtą atlygį. Siekiant, kad prekybos poveikiu normos konstrukcija tiksliau atitiktų tarptautinės teisės keliamus reikalavimus, prekybos poveikiu sudėtis buvo išplėsta - 2011 m. atlikti BK 226 straipnio pakeitimai, ir į šios nusikalstamos veikos sudėtį įtraukti nauji sudėties požymiai, be to, kriminalizuotas aktyvusis kyšininkavimas prekybos poveikiu atvejais. Problema ta, kad šiuo metu esanti teismų praktika taikant prekybos poveikiu normą nebeatitinka dabartinių realijų, tuo tarpu naujos prekybos poveikiu sudėties konstrukcijos požymiai Lietuvoje kol kas nėra išaiškinti nei praktiniu, nei teoriniu lygmeniu. Šiame magistriniame darbe pasitelkiant loginį, analoginį, sisteminį ir kitus metodus, nagrinėjama prekybos poveikiu samprata ir raida, pateikiama šios nusikalstamos veikos sudėties požymių analizė. Taip pat tyrinėjama teismų praktika... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Control of corruptive crimes and legal regulation thereof is one the priority fields in the legislation which seeks to anticipate and criminalize manifestation of corruption crimes. Trading in influence which is considered as a specific form of passive and active bribery is provided for in the criminal law of the Republic of Lithuania, as a result of fulfilment of international obligations regarding regulation of corruptive crimes. The wording of this criminal offence provides for criminal liability for a person who taking advantage of his influence on particular decision-making subjects who can act in favour of interests of briber and get in return an unlawful payment. In order to make the definition of trading in influence corresponding to the international law requirements as close as possible, composition of trading in influence was expanded; in 2011 Article 226 of the Criminal Code was amended and consequently new attributes of the crime were included, and active bribery in cases of trading in influence was criminalized. However, the problem arises due to the fact that the present case-law in application of the definition of trading in influence fails to correspond to the present situation, whereas attributes of the new composition of trading in influence in Lithuania have not been explained yet neither at theoretical nor practical level. This MA final thesis employs logical, analogous, systematic and other methods in order to analyse the concept and development of... [to full text]

Efforts to utilise Twitter to improve communication in Kenya between officials at the Kenya Police and Ministry of Interior, and Kenyan citizens, are researched specifically addressing efforts to use Twitter to report and combat police corruption. The goal is to assess efforts to use the social networking platform to improve communication channels between officials and citizens, through a mixed methods approach incorporating a content analysis of thousands of tweets sent by four separate government Twitter accounts, as well as interviews with Kenyans who have interacted with the accounts on Twitter. In addition, I assess the potential value of Twitter as a corruption-reporting platform. The research builds on existing ICT4D research, Castells’ communication power theory, as well as collective-action approaches to fighting corruption. The results of the research reveal potential problems of incident-focused social media-based corruption reporting in developing collective-action networks focused on fighting police bribery and broader government corruption. The tendency of social-media interactions to be dominated by relatively meaningless discussions limits Twitter’s value as a useful channel for two-way communication between citizens and officials. Social media-based anti-corruption efforts dedicated to building collective-action networks focused on long-term solutions, rather than highlighting individual incidents, may be more effective in fighting corruption. / <p>I submitted this thesis on August 20; however, there was apparently a technical error with the previous submission, which I was informed of today.</p>

There is unanimity within the arbitration community that corruption is disrupting international trade and that arbitrators must not let arbitration be a safe forum for enforcement of contracts tainted by such illicit acts. Due to the hidden nature of corruption, often hiding behind an agency agreement, the most challenging question facing arbitrators has shown to be how to handle the rules of evidence. Awards show that there is an inconsistency in the treatment of the burden and standard of proof as well as the significance given to circumstantial evidence. Two trends can be spotted where the first approach is to argue that the seriousness of the accusations calls for a heightened standard of proof. The second trend is to argue that the seriousness to the contrary calls for a pragmatic approach to the rules of evidence, allowing a less rigid view on the standard of proof and use of circumstantial evidence or even a shift in the burden of proof. The focus of the thesis is on evidentiary aspects of corruption cases and how arbitrators have dealt with these challenges. The overall question is how arbitrators should handle the rules of evidence in corruption cases from a lege ferenda perspective. It is argued that the inconsistency in the handling of proof is sometimes misguided and that there are reasons to agree on a common starting point for applying the rules of evidence to corruption cases. Arbitrators should realise the frightening fact that it is their weighing of the evidence which is usually decisive for the outcome and accordingly there is a responsibility to conduct this operation carefully. The tools and procedural flexibility to reveal corruption exist even if there is no perfect solution on how to do it.

Magister Legum - LLM

The prevalence of bribery in Ghana has increased significantly since the mid-2000s and has received considerable attention in both local and international media, as well as among empirical researchers. Although researchers have examined factors that influence the giving and acceptance of bribes in Ghana, limited theoretical research exists concerning the ways public officials in Ghana defend their corrupt behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine ways bribees in Ghana defend their illegal actions, using Sykes and Matza’s neutralization theory. Data were collected from telephone interviews with 11 Ghanaian public officials who have served sentences for bribery; their statements of defense were analyzed through qualitative content analysis to establish whether they used techniques of neutralization. The findings of this study indicate that public officials accused of accepting bribes apply all 5 techniques in Sykes and Matza’s neutralization theory to neutralize the guilt associated with their actions. The findings also indicate that participants believe that bribery has become part of the Ghanaian culture. Legislators, organizational leaders, and criminal justice administrators could use the findings of this study to enact appropriate laws to manage the issue of bribery in Ghana and to design effective and comprehensive ethics policies and programs to prevent its occurrence. Implications for positive social change include reducing the negative economic implications of bribery and improving trust in public officials.

Critically examines the extent of corruption in the police in Cameroon and Uganda as well as the impact of police corruption and what best practices on anti-corruption measures in the police can be identified in Cameroon and Uganda. Also looks at the correlation between corruption, policing and human rights. This study relies significantly on secondary data gathered from the library such as books, articles, case law, international and domestic instruments and internet sources. The writer's experiences from both countries will also be included. Interviews and focus group discussions give more authenticity to the topic. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2007. / A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Prof. J Oloka-Onyango of the Faculty of Law, Makerere University – Kampala, Uganda. / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/ / Centre for Human Rights / LLM