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Over the airwaves: school radio broadcasts in British Columbia 1960-1982Ion, Laurie E. 05 1900 (has links)
Generations of Canadians are familiar with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's school radio broadcasts. Agreement between the CBC and the Ministry of Education ensured that the CBC provided the necessary technical arrangements required to air and distribute the broadcasts, while the Ministry of Education agreed to provide the creative component for the programs - script writers, actors and actresses, musicians, and others. The broadcasts came to include music, art, social studies, science, and language arts.
This thesis examined the historical development of British Columbia school radio, the shape of the broadcasts themselves, and British Columbia teachers' experiences associated with school radio. This study also examined the experiences of CBC and Ministry of Education personnel who were involved in the production and distribution of British Columbia school radio. Interviews with British Columbia teachers who listened to the broadcasts from 1960-1982, and Ministry of Education and CBC employees whose work brought them in contact with the school radio broadcasts, provided the core evidence for this study. Ministry of Education and CBC employees provided the context for the interviews. Interviews, combined with the Ministry of Education Reports, enabled the re-creation of the experiences associated with British Columbia school radio.
Although there were differences amongst classroom eachers' reactions to the programs, there were some striking similarities. On the whole, British Columbia teachers found school radio interesting, informative, and purposeful. School broadcasts allowed teachers a moment to 'catch their breath' when preparation time was not the norm.
Interviews with CBC employees revealed more similarities than differences with respect to their experiences. They reported that the broadcasts provided British Columbia schools with educationally sound material. Although CBC personnel did not find the broadcasts professionally challenging, they had fond memories of their association with the programs.
Ministry of Education employees interviewed reflected very different opinions relating to their experiences as script writers, producers, directors, performers, and others. Nonetheless, they provided valuable information as to how school broadcasts were put together for pupils and teachers. Changing instructional technology, which included the introduction of a visually stimulating medium such as television, the introduction of audio-visual equipment such as tape-recorders which enabled the delay of broadcasts, and the implementation of a restrictive CBC budget brought the British Columbia school broadcasts to an end in 1982.
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New social movements, Claus Offe, and environmental groups in British ColumbiaBenson, Donna 11 1900 (has links)
New Social Movement Theory characterizes post 1960's protest movements such as the peace, environment and women's movement as being distinctively different from older movements such as the workers movement. The salient differences are in the social bases from which the movements draw their participants,the types of issues which are addressed, and the methods used in their protest. New Social Movements are heralded as being the vanguard for social change by some and as a bourgeoise distraction from the "real" project of emancipation by others. The objective of this thesis is to examine the congruence of the environmental movement in British Columbia with this concept of New Social Movements. Using the theoretical formulations of Claus Offe as a base, the thesis examines the social makeup of environmental groups in British Columbia, reviews the types of issues on which they are working, and identifies the methods which they employ in their protests. The results indicate that, while the leadership may be drawn from a more highly educated and service oriented new middle class, the general membership represents a broad social base. The issues addressed by the movement are perceived as being for the "benefit of all" rather than for a specific social class, and the methods of protest employed are primarily of a "working for change within the systems" approach as opposed to overthrowing any established political system. The thesis concludes that, while there may be elements of radicalism within the movement, it is primarily characterized as reformist, with many small
fragments working on specific issues, loosely networked, and dedicated to working with government and other sectors of the population to find solutions.
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A comparison of earthquake preparedness plans in three British Columbia school districtsBaldwin, Pamela M. January 1900 (has links)
This thesis examines disaster policy at the local government level. Specifically,
earthquake preparedness planning in three British Columbia school districts is
examined. The disaster policy cycle and seismic risk in British Columbia are also
addressed.
Prior to the late 1980's, the Vancouver, Coquitlam and Langley school districts
had not adopted specific measures to prepare for an earthquake. The Loma Prieta
earthquake in California in 1989 increased earthquake awareness in British Columbia
substantially. Thus, the Vancouver, Coquitlam and Langley school districts were faced
with the same problem: the formulation and development of earthquake preparedness
plans.
One might expect that since all three school districts were faced with the same
problem that a convergent approach to earthquake preparedness planning would be
taken. However, the case studies reveal significant divergence in terms of earthquake
preparedness.
In relation to earthquake preparedness planning in the three school districts
case studies, four factors are analyzed: amount of money spent, centralized approach
versus decentralized approach, reliance on external expertise and thoroughness of the
plan. Four possible explanations for the divergence of earthquake preparedness plans
at the school district level are discussed in this thesis. These explanations are
influence of interest groups, influence of key personnel, availability of community
wealth, and magnitude of risk.
The data base of for this thesis consists of the earthquake preparedness
planning experience in the Vancouver, Coquitlam and Langley school districts.
Relevant school district managers, staff, teachers, school administrators and parents
were interviewed. Interviewees were chosen to represent departments or committees
that were directly responsible for disaster preparedness or had some stake, direct or
indirect, in the issues posed by earthquake preparedness. Documentary sources,
government reports and statistics and newspaper articles were also used.
Several conclusions can be drawn regarding emergency preparedness at the
school district level. First, if magnitude of risk is significant and recognized, then the
natural disaster problem has a greater chance of being addressed in an adequate
manner. Second, if interest groups focus on a natural disaster problem, then there is
more likelihood of more thorough action being taken than if interest groups were not
involved. Third, current fiscal restraint indicates that funding, both public and private,
will affect the thoroughness of emergency preparedness planning. Fourth, the
preferences and actions of government officials cannot be ignored in regard to
emergency preparedness planning. The degree to which natural disaster problems
occupy the scope of government officials' preferences and actions will determine the
extent to which disaster policy receives attention in many instances.
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Evaluating the productivity of referral processes : Habitat referrals in British ColumbiaArduino, Maria Serena 05 1900 (has links)
This thesis develops a set of criteria and a framework for assessing the productivity of the habitat
referral process operating in British Columbia.
The habitat referral process is a mechanism by which applications for projects potentially
affecting fish habitat are referred to the Department of Fisheries and Oceans by other government
agencies or directly by applicants. Approvals, usually in the form of permits, leases or licenses,
are issued or refused depending on the comments that the Department of Fisheries and Oceans
and other agencies have expressed when reviewing the application.
There are four good reasons for studying this topic: 1) as one of the government's activities the
referral process is included in the major review of government programs that is presently being
undertaken; 2) there is evidence that some of the existing referral processes are unproductive:
discontent is being expressed by the people involved in referrals, and the process itself shows
obvious signs that there are problems (backlogs, delays, overtime); 3) criteria and a framework
for assessing the productivity of referral processes were not available before this study; and
4) referrals account for a considerable portion of the workload of the Habitat Management
function of the Department of Fisheries and Oceans.
In the thesis, firstly the referral process is set in the context of the governance system: its
relationships with the other processes and mechanisms used in decision-making for resource
management and protection are described. Secondly, a framework for assessing the productivity
of the referral process is developed. This was derived mainly from the literature on productivity
improvement and decision-making. Finally, the set of criteria is developed, drawing from the
interviews with people involved in referrals, an analysis of the evolution of the referral process,
and the specific literature on the referral mechanism.
The criteria are displayed in a tree, from the most general to the most specific. Criteria are then
explained and discussed individually, and examples of how the criteria can be translated into
practical terms are also provided. The criteria help identify problems in the referral processes
under review and suggest possible solutions.
The improvement of the performance of the referral mechanism is seen in the context of its
evolution. It is recognized that the trend is toward more upfront planning and consequently fewer
projects being reviewed through referrals.
This 'tool' - the criteria and framework - will prove useful to anybody who wants to assess the
productivity of the habitat or other referral processes. It will help them to identify the problems
and to find the appropriate solutions.
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Establishing a seismic retrofit policy : Implications for buildings with historical significance in the lower mainland of British ColumbiaKeenan, Kathleen Marie 05 1900 (has links)
Earthquakes, such as the ones capable of affecting the Lower Mainland of British
Columbia, can have a devastating effect on the environment that people live and work
in. The purpose of this thesis is to examine methods of dealing with the hazards and
problems created by existing, often historically significant, unreinforced buildings in
earthquake-prone areas. Gaining an understanding of the complexity of this problem
and the issues involved in establishing hazard mitigation policies gives insight into the
policy-making process. The research indicates that a number of internal and external
factors affect the formulation, adoption, and implementation of hazard mitigation
policies. Despite limited awareness of the problem, low political salience of the issue,
and limited resources in most communities, there are many steps that can be taken that
will reduce the public's exposure to the risks created by unreinforced buildings and
strengthen historically significant buildings that hold value, socially, economically, and
culturally. Establishing more extensive mitigative measures, such as implementing a
seismic retrofit policy, requires a decision-making process that must involve the people
who live and work within that community. Each community, through a process of
consultation with the stakeholders, needs to decide if it is in their interest to pursue
hazard mitigation strategies to reduce the seismic risk. There is a need to integrate
hazard mitigation strategies into the daily decision-making process of politicians and
planners. The thesis concludes with some points for stakeholders to consider in
designing policy to reduce the earthquake hazard that all the communities in the Lower
Mainland of British Columbia face.
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STV for BC (single transferable vote for British Columbia)Loenen, Nick 05 1900 (has links)
In a representative democracy the people's representatives are expected to do what
the people would do if they were present in person. To attain this ideal requires that
the legislature in its composition embodies the politically relevant diversity that
exists within society, and that the legislature has power to act. These two
requirements are prevalent among significant theories of representation, post-
Charter court rulings, and the commonly accepted expectations of the people
themselves.
Typically, the composition of the BC legislature is not representative; and the
legislature lacks power to act. The Single Member Plurality electoral system
manufactures majorities in the legislature where none exist among the people. Most
voters are not represented in the legislature, and the artificial majorities give cabinet
undue power. When cabinet has too much power, the concept of responsible
government is subverted, MLAs lose their independence, and are beholden to their
political party, instead of their constituents.
Replacing the Single Member Plurality system with the Single Transferable Vote has
the potential to give voters more choice, waste fewer votes, bring greater diversity
into the legislature, lessen party discipline, weaken the power of the Premier and
cabinet, increase the power of the legislature, restore responsible government, render
government more responsive to changing public demands, reconnect government to
the people, and give voters power over their representatives.
Our electoral system is designed to benefit political parties - not people. Therefore,
change will not likely originate with parties and party activists. It must come from
the people themselves, aided perhaps by the courts.
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The Fraser Glaciation in the Cascade Mountains, southwestern British ColumbiaWaddington, Betsy Anne 05 1900 (has links)
The objective of this study is to reconstruct the history of
glaciation from the start of Fraser (Late Wisconsinan)
Glaciation to the end of deglaciation, for three areas in the
Cascade Mountains. The Cascade Mountains are located between
the Coast Mountains and the Interior Plateau in southwestern
British Columbia. The Coast Mountains were glaciated by
mountain glaciation followed by frontal retreat, whereas the
Interior Plateau underwent ice sheet glaciation followed by
downwasting and stagnation. The Cascades were supposed to have
undergone a style of glaciation transitional between these
two.
Terrain mapping on air photographs followed by field checking
was used to locate surficial materials and landforms
indicative of glaciation style and pattern. All three study
areas were glaciated by mixed mountain and ice sheet
glaciation. At the start of Fraser Glaciation, alpine and
valley glaciers formed around higher summits as occurred in
the Coast Mountains. At the glacial maximum the entire area
was covered by the Cordilleran Ice Sheet. Deglaciation was
largely by continuous downvalley retreat of active glaciers,
contrasting with downwasting and stagnation in the Interior
Plateau, and frontal retreat in the Coast Mountains. The
scarcity of fresh moraines in the cirques suggests that,
unlike in the Coast Mountains, most cirque glaciers were not
active at the end of glaciation. Only the highest north facing
cirques remained above the local snowline throughout
deglaciation and, as a result, glaciers in these valleys
remained active and retreated up valley.
The pattern of glaciation in the Cascade Mountains was similar
to that of other areas which underwent mixed mountain and ice
sheet glaciation, such as the Presidential Range in New
Hampshire, the Green Mountains in Vermont, mountain ranges in
west central Maine and the Insular Mountains on Vancouver
Island. However, deglaciation in al l areas was complex and
depended strongly on local conditions. For this reason local
patterns cannot be predicted easily on the basis of glaciation
style.
The value of an understanding of glaciation style to improve
the accuracy of terrain mapping was also investigated. It was
found that the model developed for the Cascade Mountains was
of some use in predicting the presence of fine-textured
material in valley bottoms and for the prediction of
glaciofluvial material overlying till . However fine-textured
sediments were not found in al l valleys which were predicted
to contain them. The model appears to be most useful as an
indicator of where to concentrate field checking in order to
locate fine-textured sediments.
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Interpreting their powerlessness: the case of Filipino domestic workers in VancouverSanchez, Grace B. 05 1900 (has links)
This thesis points to an oversight in the literature about foreign domestic workers. Foreign
domestic workers have, too often, been portrayed as one-dimensional victims — a group of
powerless women vainly struggling for a respectable place in Canadian society. This portrayal,
however, while it can explain their disadvantage along class and gender analyses, assumes a
concept of power which dismisses their ability to resist.
This thesis argues that foreign domestic workers, although occupying a highly disadvantaged
position relative to others in society, are not only victims but actors. This argument
acknowledges that their lives in Canada are only part of their grander life histories. When
foreign domestic workers are placed at the centre of analysis, as subjects rather than objects, I
was able to investigate a multifaceted notion of power.
Fifteen foreign domestic workers from the Philippines were interviewed and specific questions
were asked about their day to day lives, their background, and their ambitions. Their answers
reveal a profound understanding of who they are as women, and as domestic workers. Some
clearly understand the connections between the economic crisis in the Philippines and their role
in that crisis. The interviews also show that domestic workers contemplated their situations
beyond the present, and that they recount their lives in episodes of opportunities as well as
constraints. Finally, what is most revealing is the strategies they employ to get through their
days. Overall, the interviews with foreign domestic workers illustrate that when they are viewed
as active social agents, they articulate power at various levels corresponding with their
overlapping social roles and multiple levels of struggle.
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Responding to racism: measuring the effectiveness of an anti-racism program for secondary schoolsCulhane, Stephen F. 05 1900 (has links)
This thesis reports on the effectiveness of an anti-racist
training program implemented at secondary schools in Vancouver
and Richmond in February and March of 1995. The program used
Responding to Racism; a guide for High School Students, prepared
by the author, with John Kehoe and Lily Yee. Training involved
three hours of anti-racist role-play exercises from Responding to
Racism. A pretest-posttest control group design was employed to
measure: retention of given models for dealing with racist
incidents, post-treatment levels of racism, and behavioral
reactions during a staged racist incident.
Ten social studies classes from two schools made up a sample
population of 262 students. Following half-day workshops, three
teachers carried out the program with a total of six classes of
either grade 9 or 11 students. Four additional classes continued
with regular curriculum to serve as the Control sample. The
Cultural Diversity Scale (Kehoe, 1982, 1984), was given as a
pretest to establish Control to Experimental group equivalency.
A posttest Written Response to Racist Incidents instrument, used
to measure knowledge of how to respond to a racist incident,
found a significant positive difference between Experimental and
Control groups, (t=(3.83) p.<.001). Post-training levels of
racism, evaluated through the Evidence of Racism Scale, were not
significantly different (+.16Sd).
The final postmeasure, the Racist Incident Behavioral Scale
(Culhane, 1995), found significant positive effect among a sample
of 68 students (40-Exp./28-Cntl.), (t=(3.33) p.<.001). Students
undergoing treatment were in the 68th percentile of Control
students on the Written Response to Racist incidents, (+.47Sd),
and the 92nd percentile (+1.23Sd) of Control subjects on results
from the Racist Incident Behavioral Scale. Experimental students
did not show significant difference when compared to Control
subjects on items pertaining to empathy for the victims of
racism. The results suggest the program was most successful in
changing behaviour, over attitudes, within the context of a
relatively short-term time period.
Responding to Racism provided students with methods for
responding to racist incidents which were evident on written and
behavioral measures. Support given to the victims of the racist
incidents, opposition to the perpetrators, and positive attempts
to limit the racism in each incident were all significantly more
apparent in responses of Experimental students over Control. The
results reaffirm the utility of role-play anti-racist training,
and validate the use of Responding to Racism as an effective
package for use in secondary school settings, notably in regards
to changing student behaviour in racially-motivated situations.
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Evaluating the susceptibility to conflict of outdoor recreation activities : a case study of backcountry skiing, helicopter skiing, and snowmobiling in the Revelstoke region of British Columbia, CanadaCooper, Laurie Anne 05 1900 (has links)
Powder snow is becoming an increasingly sought-after resource in the backcountiy areas
of British Columbia. This thesis focuses on conflicts between backcountiy skiing,
helicopter skiing, and snowmobiling in British Columbia, with particular emphasis on the
social-psychological causes of the conflicts. The relative susceptibility to conflict of each
activity is addressed through an examination of the literature on outdoor recreation
conflict, and a series of statements are developed which are aimed at identifying the socialpsychological
causes of conflict for each individual activity.
The statements developed out of the literature are applied to a case study based on
research done in the Revelstoke region of British Columbia. Surveys were distributed to
backcountiy skiers, helicopter skiers and snowmobilers and, in this thesis, the survey data
is presented and analysed with a view to developing an understanding of the differences
between the demographic profiles and attitudes of participants in each of the three winter
activities.
In the case of backcountiy skiing, helicopter skiing, and snowmobiling, it is evident that
there exists a sort of "hierarchy of conflict" with backcountiy skiing being much more
susceptible to conflict than either of the other activities. This difference in susceptibility is
explained through an examination of the qualities of each activity which make it more or
less susceptible to conflict, and it is demonstrated that the susceptibility to conflict of outdoor recreation activities can be predicted through the examination of a set of
particular characteristics inherent to each individual activity.
Finally, the policy governing commercial recreation in British Columbia is examined in
terms of its efficacy in identifying and preventing potential conflicts. Some suggestions
are made for improving policy and policy development. The conflicts between
backcountiy skiing, helicopter skiing, and snowmobiling can be seen as a microcosm of
the kinds of conflicts which arise between competing users of any natural resource. Some
of the findings of this thesis have very broad implications, including the demonstration of
the following: the apparent dichotomy between environmental impact and economic
interests; the globalisation of the economy; the importance of public participation in the
development of policy; the inadequacy of zoning as a means of conflict prevention; the
need for an evolution from a "frontier" mentality to future planning; the importance of
responsibilities, as well as rights; the need for more tools for managing conflicts.
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