Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Photography, Durban University of Technology, 2012. / The aim of this research is to document and evaluate the Imvunge group of street photographers in Durban with specific reference to the development of photographic and business skills from 1999 to 2009. This study will focus on a discussion of how members of the Imvunge group started their photographic careers as street photographers and how, through participating in projects and workshops, they developed their photographic skills and became professional photographers. This will include an investigation of both photographic skills such as image capturing, lighting techniques, image presentation and visual literacy; as well as business skills such as basic accounting and marketing. Chapter One provides an account of the history of photographic techniques and street photography in Europe, Africa, South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal and Durban in order to provide a context to the formation of the Imvunge group of photographers. Chapter Two provides an historical background of the candidate’s work as a street photographer in Durban from 1969 to 1989, before registering at Technikon Natal for formal training in photography. It also discusses his life history from being a young businessman, a lecturer, in order to provide information regarding the business and photographic skills acquired and which he was able to impart to street photographers. Chapter Three documents the formation of the Imvunge Street Photographers’ group; the partnership between the Imvunge group and the Durban Art Gallery, the Imvunge group’s exhibitions and projects, the history of selected members of the Imvunge group and an analysis of their work to provide evidence of an improvement in their photographic skills. The conclusion will present findings from this research project and will include a proposal for areas of research. / DUT Postgrad Development and Support Directorate.

The purpose of this study was to (1) collect and examine data from graduates relating to the present status and effectiveness of the program and (2) compare the requirements of the program to the requirements of other institutions in Texas with NCATE accreditation. Two questionnaires were developed to obtain data from the graduates concerning four categories of information: personal information, occupational information, analysis of the effectiveness of the curriculum, and evaluation of the adequacy of the program. The colleges and universities in Texas with NCATE accreditation were sources of the following types of information: area offering and having responsibility for the business education program, AACSB and its effect on the business education program, certification options available, methods courses offered, and grade requirements for admission into and for graduation and certification from the program.

The dynamic relationships relevant to the competitive environment and competitive business methods utilised are examined for a sample of 107 hospitals with different operational characteristics. The data collected was analysed utilising a structural equation modeling approach. The results of the analysis clearly show that the effective implementation of quality improvement initiatives is associated with operational benefits. These operational benefits, in turn, were found to be associated with strategic organisational benefits. The path to these benefits appears to be motivated by environmental changes.

Title: Law of Marketing – A Descriptive Study of Marketing in Sweden and Italy with focal point on TV-commercials (Marknadsföringsrätt – En deskriptiv studie av marknadsföring I Sverig och Italien med inriktning på TV-reklam)   Number of pages: 34   Author: Astrid Lidman   Tutor: Göran Svensson   Course: Media and Communication C   Period: Fall -09   University: Division of Media and Communication, Department of Information Science, Uppsala University   Purpose/Aim: My goal with this study is to see the differences and similarities that can be found in the Swedish and Italian Law of Marketing. I want to compare the results to see how our different laws are still able to reach the same results concerning the protecting of our public from bad advertisement.   Material/Methods: I’ve been reading laws concerning marketing. I started out my research from different commissions from EU. Then I found the equivalent laws to those commissions in both Sweden and Italy I was able to see how the two different states apply the commissions to their legal system. By doing so I also got a starting-point by getting the most important laws in both the Swedish and Italian legal system concerning marketing and commercials on TV.   Main results: Since both Sweden and Italy apply the commissions from EU to their legal system, the differences were only superficial. Due to the commissions the base, of what is consider as bad marketing, was virtually the same. And when looking at the big picture they both achieved almost the same protection to their public that I think can be considered reaching high standards. The differences lay in the protection of commercials on TV towards children, and that Sweden has a little bit more regulation during the discussions about the protection concerning sexual discrimination.   Keywords: Laws of Marketing, TV-commercials, prohibition of children’s commercials, inappropriate business methods, misleading advertisement, commissions, EU.

<p>Computer programs must give a technical effect that goes beyond"normal physical interaction"to be considered to belong to a technical field. The invention shall be be susceptible of industrial application, which means that it should be possible to reproduce or use in any other industrial way. The reqirement that the invention shall be new means that the technique must not be previously known because of patents, published articles, etc. That an invention shall be a contribution to the state of the art in a technical field means that the invention shall not be obvious to invent for a person skilled in the art. Patents do effect the innovation among the inventers, but in most industries most inventions would be invented independent if there was a patent system or not. Only in pharmaceuticals- and chemicals industries, the patent is of a great importance. Patents are probably of lesser importance for the computer industry than for those industries, even though the industry is of great importance for many other industries and therefor, the patent system can be of great importance for some computer-implemented inventions as well. There is a risque the the competition is negatively affected by the patent system, becuase of the monopoly it gives. I believe, though, that the gain of the patent system compensates for the risque of imperfections in the market. The free movement for goods, persons, services and capital will probably not be affected if the proposal of the directive about patentibility of computer-implemented invention will get passed.</p>

Computer programs must give a technical effect that goes beyond"normal physical interaction"to be considered to belong to a technical field. The invention shall be be susceptible of industrial application, which means that it should be possible to reproduce or use in any other industrial way. The reqirement that the invention shall be new means that the technique must not be previously known because of patents, published articles, etc. That an invention shall be a contribution to the state of the art in a technical field means that the invention shall not be obvious to invent for a person skilled in the art. Patents do effect the innovation among the inventers, but in most industries most inventions would be invented independent if there was a patent system or not. Only in pharmaceuticals- and chemicals industries, the patent is of a great importance. Patents are probably of lesser importance for the computer industry than for those industries, even though the industry is of great importance for many other industries and therefor, the patent system can be of great importance for some computer-implemented inventions as well. There is a risque the the competition is negatively affected by the patent system, becuase of the monopoly it gives. I believe, though, that the gain of the patent system compensates for the risque of imperfections in the market. The free movement for goods, persons, services and capital will probably not be affected if the proposal of the directive about patentibility of computer-implemented invention will get passed.