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Showing 181 to 190 of 222 (0.074 seconds)Spelling suggestions: "subject:"business law"" "subject:"dbusiness law""
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A POLÍTICA DA MICROEMPRESA INDIVIDUAL E A INFORMALIDADE DAS RELAÇÕES DE TRABALHO: A experiência brasileira de 2008 a 2012 / THE POLICY OF THE INDIVIDUAL MICROENTERPRISE AND THE INFORMALITY OF THE LABOR RELATIONS: The Brazilian experience of 2008 to 2012Morais, Ricardo Cavalcante 29 July 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-18T18:55:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Dissertacao Ricardo final.pdf: 486901 bytes, checksum: 6e3b8c481f0f0108fb0c4818564798ac (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2013-07-29 / This paper results from a survey of evaluative slant of the effectiveness of policy in confronting the individual micro "informal structure" from the period 2008 to 2012. We
use the Marxist theoretical framework which consequently led to a critical approach more qualitative than quantitative. Had it aims to evaluate the impact of policy on Microenterprise in Individual coping informality in Brazil considering the progress
made in terms of improvements in working conditions and profitability of individual microentrepreneurs policy beneficiaries to judge the appropriateness of the policy for Addressing the "structural informality." Had as objectives: rescue in a theoretical and historical perspective the main determinants of informality of labor relations;characterize and measure the phenomenon of informality in Brazil; investigate the
phenomenon of micro-enterprise from a critical approach in the current scenario of globalization flexible accumulation of capital and to characterize the policy of Micro Single, indicating the legal framework and its implications on coping with informality.
It was concluded that the approach of the policy of Micro Single from the point of view of coping with structural informality of small farms is inadequate. In this sense,
the effects that the policy aimed to cause about working conditions and income of the beneficiaries are not able to characterize a breakthrough in dealing with the
expansion of the informal sector and are unable to promote the overcoming of "structural informality . / O presente trabalho resulta de uma pesquisa de cunho avaliativo a respeito da efetividade da política da microempresa individual no enfrentamento da informalidade estrutural a partir do período compreendido de 2008 até 2012. Utiliza-se
o referencial teórico metodológico de orientação marxista o que levou consequentemente a uma abordagem crítica mais qualitativa que quantitativa. Teve-se por objetivo principal avaliar os impactos da Política da Microempresa Individual
no enfrentamento à informalidade no Brasil considerando os avanços alcançados em termos de melhorias nas condições de trabalho e de rentabilidade dos microempreendedores individuais beneficiários da política, para julgar a adequação da política para o enfrentamento da informalidade estrutural . Teve-se como objetivos específicos: resgatar em uma perspectiva teórica e histórica as principais determinantes da informalidade das relações de trabalho; caracterizar e dimensionar
o fenômeno da informalidade no Brasil; investigar o fenômeno da microempresa a partir de uma abordagem crítica no atual cenário de mundialização do capital e acumulação flexível para caracterizar a Política da Microempresa Individual,
indicando o marco jurídico e suas implicações no enfrentamento à informalidade. Concluiu-se que a abordagem da Política da Microempresa Individual do ponto de vista do enfrentamento à informalidade estrutural de pequenas unidades de
produção é inadequada. Neste sentido, os efeitos que a política visou provocar sobre as condições de trabalho e renda dos beneficiários não são capazes de caracterizar um avanço no enfrentamento à expansão do setor informal da economia
e são incapazes de promover a superação da informalidade estrutural , uma vez que a política se constitui em uma faceta da Nova Informalidade .
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On Human Migration and the Moral Obligations of BusinessHarris, Linda H. 01 January 2008 (has links)
This work addresses to what extent businesses in the United States and the European Union have a moral obligation to participate in social integration processes in areas where they operate with the use of migrant laborers. It begins with the presupposition that a common framework as to what constitutes ethical behavior in business is needed and beneficial. It argues that the very industry that creates a need for migrant labor ought to also be involved in merging this labor successfully into the existing community and specifies that a discourse on business ethics and migration is gravely needed. This must be one that considers how businesses can become more engaged in resolving the social issues that arise both for the migrants and for the local community in which the businesses operate. The purpose would be to fill a social and humanitarian need that government alone cannot. More importantly, it will be to exercise beneficence and display responsible and sincere corporate citizenship. It is claimed that businesses that fail to encourage and participate in integration processes display a moral flaw. Cosmopolitan business ethics are proposed as a way to look at ethical business conduct and it is claimed that businesses that act as cosmopolitan citizens are morally praiseworthy.
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Investerarskydd vid handel med kryptotillgångar : En analys i ljuset av Europeiska kommissionens förordningsförslag om marknader för kryptotillgångar / Investor protection when trading crypto-assets : An analysis in the light of the European Commission’s proposal for a regulation on markets for crypto-assetsNuamu, Cornelia January 2021 (has links)
Ur de senaste decenniernas tekniska innovation föddes så kallade kryptotillgångar. Kryptotillgångar är digitala enheter som är tillgängliga via teknik för distribuerad liggare. Marknaden för kryptotillgångar har expanderat avsevärt på senare år. Tidigare har handel med kryptotillgångar mest varit en bisyssla för tekniskt kunniga personer, men i takt med att kryptotillgångar ökar i popularitet växer investerarkretsen. Kryptotillgångar ägs huvudsakligen med investeringsavsikt men kan, beroende på den berörda kryptotillgångens egenskaper, skilja sig avsevärt från finansiella instrument. Det gör att befintliga EU-regelverk för finansiella tjänster sällan kan ligga till grund för bedömning vid kryptotillgångshandel. Det skapar i sin tur osäkerhet avseende investerarskyddet för konsumenter som handlar med kryptotillgångar. Marknaden för kryptotillgångar är hittills oreglerad på EU-nivå vilket har medfört spridda och otillräckliga regleringar avseende kryptotillgångar på nationell nivå i vissa medlemsstater. År 2020 publicerade Europeiska kommissionen ett förslag på reglering av kryptotillgångar där ett av syftena med förslaget är att stärka investerarskyddet vid kryptotillgångshandel. Om förslaget skulle implementeras innebär det betydande förändringar på kryptotillgångsmarknaden. De förslagna bestämmelserna innefattar bland annat ett EU-pass för emittenter av kryptotillgångar och leverantörer av kryptotillgångstjänster, krav för emittenter av kryptotillgångar att utge informationsdokument samt krav för leverantörer av kryptotillgångstjänster att bedöma om den berörda kryptotillgången är lämplig för kunden. I uppsatsen undersöks vilka risker en investerare utsätts för vid handel av kryptotillgångar. Den övergripande risken som investerare utsätts för vid handeln är risken att förlora sitt investerade medel. Det i sig är inte en unik risk för kryptotillgångar då förluster förekommer även på marknader för finansiella instrument. Den största utmaningen avseende bristen på investerarskydd på kryptotillgångsmarknaden härleds emellertid till informationsasymmetrier. Det framkommer i uppsatsen att det krävs reglering på kryptotillgångsmarknaden för att säkerställa ett tillräckligt investerarskydd. Vidare diskuteras huruvida Europeiska kommissionens förordningsförslag står i paritet till de identifierade investerarskyddsriskerna. Sammantaget leder uppsatsen till slutsatsen att en reglering av kryptotillgångsmarknaden kan säkra investerarskyddet vid handel av kryptotillgångar genom att upprätta krav på informationsgivning för emittenter av kryptotillgångar och leverantörer av kryptotillgångstjänster.
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Black tax and micro-entrepreneurship in Thulamela Local Municipality forms, challenges and coping strategiesMikioni, Anyway 18 May 2019 (has links)
MCom / Department of Business Management / Africans are, by nature, collectivist people. This is especially true for countries such as South Africa, where people live their lives as a community – they celebrate life’s achievements together and mourn life’s tragic moments together. Africans support each other as one big family, at least theoretically, however, in the recent past, effects of urbanisation and globalisation have reshaped, reorganised, and reoriented African families. The once communal and collectivist views towards life (that the community or family comes first before the individual) are fast being replaced by individualistic perspectives towards life. The nuclear family is rapidly taking centre stage. In the process, individual needs are crowding out those of the family and community. Communal needs are now being viewed as a burden. To describe this ‘new’ burden, modern society has coined a term to express its mixed emotions towards its responsibility towards the extended family; they call it “black tax”. As a form of tax, supporting one’s extended family results in greater good, at least in the long-run, however, in the short-run, high levels of indebtedness and growing personal needs make one’s obligation to the family almost seems morally wrong, insensitive, and illegal, hence, the word “black,” as in the black market – an informal underground market that is often immoral and illegal. By extension, contemporary South Africans seem to be saying that whilst looking after one’s extended family in the 21st century is immoral, insensitive, unreasonable, and expensive, we still will try our best to be play our part, whenever and wherever we can. Clearly, black tax affects the lives of individuals, particularly those being black taxed. Despite this growing phenomenon, the literature has largely ignored the effect of black tax on the life of ordinary people. The few available studies focus mostly on black tax within the middle class, employed, working population. Very little studies have looked at the effect of black tax on entrepreneurs, as they too are not immune to black tax. It was, therefore, opportune for this dissertation to address this gap within the literature. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of black tax on micro-entrepreneurs, as well as to identify coping strategies employed by the latter to balance business needs and communal expectations. A qualitative case study was conducted in which 12 entrepreneurs from the Thulamela Local Municipality area participated. Data were collected using in-depth interviews. After transcription, the interviews were analysed by means of thematic analysis using ATLAS.ti. Results indicate a high prevalence of various forms of black tax, challenges as well as well-structured coping strategies, as employed by the entrepreneurs. The value of this dissertation is that it is among the first in contributing towards understanding the impact of black tax on micro-entrepreneurship within the South African context. Several theoretical and practical implications have been suggested. / NRF
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La communication de la preuve civile au préalable dans les litiges commerciaux internationauxLesage-Bigras, Élisabeth 11 1900 (has links)
Dans l’ère économique actuelle où les transactions commerciales, propulsées par l’omniprésence des technologies de l’information, se font de plus en plus à l’échelle mondiale, les risques de conflits juridiques de nature internationale augmentent considérablement. Les entreprises québécoises faisant plus fréquemment affaire avec des partenaires étrangers, les litiges d’aujourd’hui confrontent les parties et leurs représentants à des dilemmes légaux nouveaux qui les forcent à interagir avec des cultures judiciaires, autres que québécoises, et ce, particulièrement lors de la communication au préalable de la preuve civile.
Nous nous pencherons donc sur l’analyse des divers enjeux légaux soulevés par ce processus afin de relever les considérations pratiques auxquelles seront soumises les parties à un conflit commercial international institué devant les tribunaux québécois. Ainsi, à l’aide d’un cas hypothétique, nous effectuerons l’étude des régimes procéduraux québécois, tant général que particulier, de communication de la preuve civile internationale, les restrictions applicables à la procédure ainsi que son encadrement supranational.
Puis, nous étudierons l’impact des technologies de l’information sur le régime québécois de communication au préalable de la preuve civile en mettant l’accent tout particulièrement sur la dématérialisation de la preuve civile internationale, les changements législatifs de la réforme du Code de procédure civile et la protection des renseignements personnels. / In the current economic era, where business transactions are more than ever globalized due to the increasing use of technologies, the risks of legal conflicts being international in nature are now higher. Since businesses from Québec are now frequently making transactions with foreign partners, litigation nowadays confronts parties and their lawyers with new legal dilemmas, forcing them to interact with different judicial cultures other than Québec’s, especially during the pre-trial discovery and disclosure process.
We will then analyze the many legal challenges resulting from this procedure to address the practical considerations that subject the parties of an international litigation instituted in front of Québec’s tribunals. Therefore, with the help of a hypothetical, we will study Québec’s general and specific procedures of discovery and disclosure of international civil evidence, its restrictions and the international legal frame surrounding it.
Also, we will discuss the impact of technologies on Québec’s pre-trial discovery and disclosure process focusing on the dematerialization of civil evidence, the legislative modifications of the reform of the Québec Code of Civil Procedure, and the protection of personal data.
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Contrats d'Etat et développement durable / State contracts and sustainable developmentMbala Mbala, Marcelle 08 February 2012 (has links)
La dialectique entre contrats d’Etat et développement durable existe, malgré une antinomie apparente. Elle s’appuie sur une interaction particulière qui s’est construite depuis l’origine, à travers les contrats d’Etat, instruments conventionnels singuliers et autour des nécessités politiques et économiques de l’époque, avec en toile de fond l’impératif de développement.Face aux évolutions sociales successives et l’absence d’arsenal juridique adapté, les contratsd’Etat se sont développés de façon spécifique entre dépendance, indépendance,interdépendance, hétéronomie et autonomie. En droit international des affaires, c’estprécisément à partir du contrat conçu comme un instrument normatif singulier et à travers sesinteractions avec le contexte extracontractuel au sein duquel il est amené à opérer quel’existence d’un droit du développement durable en matière de contrats d’Etat doit êtrefondée. Cela nécessite une autre vision du droit, sans cesse renouvelée et davantageappropriée aux réalités de notre siècle. / Common discussion points between sustainable development and State contracts exist, despite many visible contradictions. They are based on a particular interaction, built up from the beginning through State contracts, which are highly specific agreements and around political and economic necessities of the time, with the notion of development merely as a requirement in the background. Confronted with successive social changes and the lack of an appropriate judicial framework, State contracts developed in a particular way between dependence, independence, interdependence, heteronomy and autonomy. In international business law, the existence of a sustainable development law related to State contracts must be based precisely on contracts, seen as instruments able to set norms, and must benefit from contracts’interactions with a non-contractual environment. That requires another vision of law, constantly renewed and more adapted to current realities.
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La mobilité des sociétés de l’espace OHADA : étude à la lumière du droit européen et international des sociétés. / The mobility of companies from OHADA area : research in the light of European and international company law.Sane, Claude MIchel 15 December 2017 (has links)
À coté de l’objectif immédiat d’uniformiser les législations des États membres, l’OHADA s’est fixée un objectif médiat, celui de créer un vaste marché sans frontière. Or au regard des difficultés pour les sociétés commerciales de déplacer leurs sièges sociaux d’un État membre à un autre, nous ne pouvons que constater que l’existence de ce marché intégré n’est pas encore une réalité pour elles. Il apparaît alors que la seule uniformisation du droit des sociétés commerciales par l’OHADA ne suffit pas à leur permettre de réaliser des opérations de restructuration transfrontalière. Cette thèse a ainsi montré que l’OHADA a besoin d’évoluer et de se transformer pour mettre en place un véritable droit à la mobilité pour les sociétés commerciales au sein son espace communautaire. Elle doit pour cela compléter son intégration juridique par une intégration économique consacrant un libre établissement dont les opérations de mobilité seraient des modalités d’exercice, comme l’a fait l’Union européenne. Ce droit à la mobilité ne devra toutefois pas s’exercer de manière abusive. L’OHADA devra donc trouver un équilibre entre une mobilité fluidifiée et une protection efficace des actionnaires, salariés et tiers. De même il conviendra de rechercher un équilibre dans la gestion de la coexistence des normes communautaires qui ne manquera pas de se présenter dans le régime des opérations de mobilité puisqu’il s’agit d’un problème récurrent dans l’espace OHADA. / Apart from the direct objective of the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA) to standardize the law, its indirect objective relates to the creation of a large common market. However, regarding the difficulties for companies to transfer their registered office from one member state to another, we can see that the existence of such market is still not a reality for them. Therefore, it appears that the only standardizing of the corporate law by OHADA is not sufficient to allow them to perform their cross-border mergers. This research shows thus that OHADA needs to change and to transform itself to put in place a real right to mobility in the community area for the companies. Like the European Union, it should complete the legal integration by an economic integration setting up a freedom of establishment, including border restructuring operations. But this right to mobility should not be abused. OHADA will have to find a balance between facilitating the mobility and protecting efficiently minority shareholders, employees and third parties rights. Similarly a balance must be struck to solve the conflict of community norms in the restructuring operations legal regime, since it is a recurrent problem for OHADA space.
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Harmonisation européenne du crédit hypothécaire: perspectives de droit comparé, de droit international privé et de droit européen / European harmonization of mortage backed loans from a perspective of comparative law, private international law and european lawVan den Haute, Erik 02 October 2008 (has links)
La réalisation du marché intérieur européen par une meilleure intégration des marchés financiers est aujourd’hui devenue une réalité. L'objectif est toutefois loin d'être atteint en matière de crédit hypothécaire, nonobstant de nombreuses initiatives européennes. Compte tenu de ces difficultés et du postulat selon lequel il serait impossible d'harmoniser le droit des suretés immobilières en raison de leur ancrage culturel et national, une proposition alternative consistant dans la création d'une sûreté immobilière commune (euro-hypothèque), venant se superposer aux systèmes nationaux, a été formulée depuis un certain nombre d'années. La recherche analyse dans un premier temps la réalité du postulat précité à la lumière du droit comparé et conclut qu'en réalité, les différents systèmes trouvent non seulement leur origine dans un modèle identique, fondé sur le caractère accessoire de la sûreté, mais ont en outre connu une évolution similaire au cours de ces dernières années. Il apparaît que ce modèle constitue la meilleure base pour toute harmonisation européenne. Après avoir examiné l'interaction avec le droit international privé, sous l'angle de la protection du consommateur, et le droit européen, sous l'angle de la question de la compétence communautaire et du principe de subsidiarité, des pistes sont proposés pour opérer un rapprochement des législations nationales relatives au crédit hypothécaire. La proposition consiste à intégrer dans un seul instrument juridique contraignant (une directive européenne) les différentes propositions permettant d'opérer un rapprochement des législations nationales à trois niveaux :celui de la sûreté immobilière et de la publicité foncier, celui du contrat de prêt et enfin, celui relatif à la procédure de réalisation de l'immeuble. / Doctorat en droit / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Comparative Analysis of Maori of Aotearoa and James Bay Cree of Eeyou Istechee Cultural Heritage Values and Political Histories of Land Tenure SystemsSchaeffer, Erin 01 January 2012 (has links) (PDF)
This thesis relies on an interdisciplinary framework to conduct an investigation of seminal national policies and planning processes in New Zealand and Quebec Province, Canada related to sovereignty, indigenous land rights, and customary land tenure systems. Theoretical frameworks for this research include a comparative analysis of European legislative systems and traditional planning frameworks in relation to indigenous governance systems and land tenure systems for the Maori (NZ) and James Bay Cree (QC). Through interviews and experiential knowledge I will document tools and techniques that these indigenous communities use to navigate complex cross-cultural policy and planning processes for their own advocacy of cultural heritage values. From the Maori perspective, cultural heritage values include the concept and principles of kaitikatanga. James Bay Cree cultural heritage values include the concept and guiding principles embedded in Eeyou Iyihtiwin. These cultural heritage values represent abstract concepts and guiding principles that are embedded in and gain meaning from local context, cultural knowledge and customary traditions. The Maori and James Bay Cree share a similar orientation to the meaning and importance of land. Together these indigenous communities view land as the foundation for collective and individual identity and cultural traditions. From this perspective and meaning of land, the Maori and James Bay Cree recognize that people are a part of a greater interconnected system that spans across physical and metaphysical spaces. In practice, native or customary land tenure systems are based on cultural heritage values that support a spirit of reciprocity with an underlying expectation that a balanced system will provide for all life. This analysis may provide a new cross-cultural framework for policy and planning processes to provide opportunities for fair negotiation of sustainable land tenure systems and natural resource management.
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Zeitschrift für Recht und Islam (ZR&I)23 May 2017 (has links) (PDF)
Eine wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft kann ihren inneren Austausch und ihre Wirkung nach Außen nur sicherstellen, wenn sie ihren Mitgliedern und auswärtigen Interessierten ein zeitgemäßes Diskussionsforum bietet. Angesichts des gestiegenen Bedarfs an zuverlässigen Informationen über das islamische Recht und die rechtlichen Entwicklungen in islamisch geprägten Staaten besteht seitens der GAIR die Notwendigkeit, hierzu einen verantwortungsvollen Beitrag zu leisten. Um dieser Aufgabe gerecht zu werden, wird zukünftig der Schwerpunkt der GAIR-Mitteilungen deutlich stärker auf den fachlichen Diskurs gelegt. Das neue Format deckt neueste Entwicklungen in Gesetzgebung und Rechtsprechung aller Rechtsgebiete im In- und Ausland ab, soweit sie das Recht islamisch geprägter Staaten oder aber Menschen aus solchen Staaten betreffen. Wesentlich ergänzt wird dieses Angebot durch Tagungsberichte, Rezensionen und Aufsätze, in denen auch islamrechtliche Fragestellungen diskutiert werden.
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