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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Beverage intake by Canadian children and its relationship to overweight and obesity

Danyliw, Adrienne 28 October 2010
Intake of sweetened beverages in North America has risen in past decades. Concurrently, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children has increased. To our knowledge, there has been no examination of the relationship between childrens beverage intake and body mass index (BMI) with nationally representative Canadian data. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between beverage patterns and BMI in Canadian children. Data from the Canadian Community Health Survey 2.2 (2004) included: dietary information, collected via 24-hour recall, and demographics, socio-economic status, physical activity, and food security, collected by interview, and measured anthropometrics.<p> In this study, subjects aged 2 to 18 years (n=10,038) were included if they had complete anthropometric, dietary and socio-demographic information. The following groups were created: 2 to 5 years (both sexes), 6 to 11 years female, 6 to 11 years male, 12 to 18 years female, 12 to 18 years male. Beverage data categorized and grouped into four categories: sugar-sweetened, nutrient-based, alcoholic, and non-caloric. Descriptive analysis was completed for intake of beverages, energy, vitamin C, and calcium. Cluster analysis identified beverage patterns by age-sex groups and allowed comparisons across clusters. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was completed. Results were weighted and bootstrapped to obtain population-level estimates and account for the complex survey design. Children who drank mostly sweetened beverages consumed 16-18% of total daily energy from such drinks. Across age groups, older boys and girls drank more sweetened beverages than preceding groups (p<0.05). In cluster analyses, five beverage clusters emerged for children 2 to 5 years, six clusters for 6 to 11 years, and four clusters for 12 to 18 years. No significant relationship emerged between beverage pattern and BMI among children 2 to 5 years, girls 6 to 11 years, or youth 12 to 18 years (both sexes). Boys 6 to 11 years whose beverage pattern was characterized by soft drink intake (553 g ± 29) had increased odds of overweight/obesity (OR 2.3, 95% C.I. 1.25-4.15) compared to a moderate beverage pattern. Data for boys aged 6 to 11 years suggest that sweetened beverages may be associated with overweight and obesity.
2

Beverage intake by Canadian children and its relationship to overweight and obesity

Danyliw, Adrienne 28 October 2010 (has links)
Intake of sweetened beverages in North America has risen in past decades. Concurrently, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children has increased. To our knowledge, there has been no examination of the relationship between childrens beverage intake and body mass index (BMI) with nationally representative Canadian data. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between beverage patterns and BMI in Canadian children. Data from the Canadian Community Health Survey 2.2 (2004) included: dietary information, collected via 24-hour recall, and demographics, socio-economic status, physical activity, and food security, collected by interview, and measured anthropometrics.<p> In this study, subjects aged 2 to 18 years (n=10,038) were included if they had complete anthropometric, dietary and socio-demographic information. The following groups were created: 2 to 5 years (both sexes), 6 to 11 years female, 6 to 11 years male, 12 to 18 years female, 12 to 18 years male. Beverage data categorized and grouped into four categories: sugar-sweetened, nutrient-based, alcoholic, and non-caloric. Descriptive analysis was completed for intake of beverages, energy, vitamin C, and calcium. Cluster analysis identified beverage patterns by age-sex groups and allowed comparisons across clusters. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was completed. Results were weighted and bootstrapped to obtain population-level estimates and account for the complex survey design. Children who drank mostly sweetened beverages consumed 16-18% of total daily energy from such drinks. Across age groups, older boys and girls drank more sweetened beverages than preceding groups (p<0.05). In cluster analyses, five beverage clusters emerged for children 2 to 5 years, six clusters for 6 to 11 years, and four clusters for 12 to 18 years. No significant relationship emerged between beverage pattern and BMI among children 2 to 5 years, girls 6 to 11 years, or youth 12 to 18 years (both sexes). Boys 6 to 11 years whose beverage pattern was characterized by soft drink intake (553 g ± 29) had increased odds of overweight/obesity (OR 2.3, 95% C.I. 1.25-4.15) compared to a moderate beverage pattern. Data for boys aged 6 to 11 years suggest that sweetened beverages may be associated with overweight and obesity.
3

Pulse consumption in Canada: analysis of pulse consumption in the Canadian Community Health Survey

Mudryj, Adriana N. 24 August 2011 (has links)
Pulses are nutrient dense foods that possess many beneficial effects. The purpose of this project was to examine the prevalence and effect of pulse consumption on nutrient intake in Canadian adults (≥ 19 y). Analysis was performed on data (N = 20,156) from the 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey (Cycle 2.2). Respondents were divided into groups based on pulse consumption and levels of intake and the association between nutrient intakes and pulse consumption was examined. Analysis revealed that thirteen percent of Canadians consumed pulses on any given day, and individuals with higher pulse intakes had higher intakes of macronutrients as well as enhanced micronutrient intake. Although pulses are generally low in sodium, its intake also was higher in pulse consumers. These data indicate that pulse consumption supports dietary advice that pulses be included in healthful diets. Further studies will be necessary so that dietary advice to increase consumption of pulses will maximize their nutritional benefits.
4

Pulse consumption in Canada: analysis of pulse consumption in the Canadian Community Health Survey

Mudryj, Adriana N. 24 August 2011 (has links)
Pulses are nutrient dense foods that possess many beneficial effects. The purpose of this project was to examine the prevalence and effect of pulse consumption on nutrient intake in Canadian adults (≥ 19 y). Analysis was performed on data (N = 20,156) from the 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey (Cycle 2.2). Respondents were divided into groups based on pulse consumption and levels of intake and the association between nutrient intakes and pulse consumption was examined. Analysis revealed that thirteen percent of Canadians consumed pulses on any given day, and individuals with higher pulse intakes had higher intakes of macronutrients as well as enhanced micronutrient intake. Although pulses are generally low in sodium, its intake also was higher in pulse consumers. These data indicate that pulse consumption supports dietary advice that pulses be included in healthful diets. Further studies will be necessary so that dietary advice to increase consumption of pulses will maximize their nutritional benefits.
5

Machine Learning Approach on Evaluating Predictive Factors of Fall-Related Injuries

Ateeq, Sameen January 2018 (has links)
According to the Public Health Agency of Canada, falls account for 95% of all hip fractures in Canada; 20% of fall-related injury cases end in death. This thesis evaluates the predictive power of many variables to predict fall-related injuries. The dataset chosen was CCHS which is high dimensional and diverse. The use of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and random forest was employed to determine the highest priority risk factors to include in the predictive model. The results show that it is possible to predict fall-related injuries with a sensitivity of 80% or higher using four predictors (frequency of consultations with medical doctor, food and vegetable consumption, height and monthly physical activity level of over 15 minutes). Alternatively, the same sensitivity can be reached using age, frequency of walking for exercise per 3 months, alcohol consumption and personal income. None of the predictive models reached an accuracy of 70% or higher. Further work in studying nutritional diets that offer protection from incurring a fall related injury are also recommended. Since the predictors are behavioral determinants of health and have a high sensitivity but a low accuracy, population health interventions are recommended rather than individual-level interventions. Suggestions to improve accuracy of built models are also proposed. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)
6

Determining the Factors that Affect the General Health of the Respondents of Ontario

Hassam, Anisha 07 1900 (has links)
In September 2002, the Canadian Institute of Health Information, Health Canada and the National Task Force on Health Information created the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) whose objective was to determine the status of the Canadian health care system and the health status of Canadians themselves. The CCHS was divided into two cycles (Cycle 1.1 and Cycle 1.2) of which CCHS Cycle 1.1 was general population health survey designed to provide information for 136 health regions covering all provinces and territories. For this particular report, data from Cycle 1.1 was analyzed in order to determine if Work stress, Type of Smoker, Body Mass Index (BMI) and Household Income were significant factors contributing to the general health of the population of Ontario. Each of the above mentioned variables was considered individually for a given age, gender and marital status of the respondents. Logistic Stepwise Regression was used to determine if these variables were significant predictors of general health and all the possible two way interactions were explored at the five percent level. Furthermore, a diagnostic check of the fitted models was conducted and the validity of the models was assessed once again after removing the influential points. In addition, the linearity of all the continuous variables was tested in the logit models followed by a comparison of the fitted models using weights. Overall, it was found that all of the potential predictor variables of concern were significant predictors of general health. The majority of two way interaction terms were included in the fitted models, however, the overall fit of some models was found to be poor. In some cases, upon removing the influential points, the overall fit improved significantly, while for others, the fit did not improve by much. Also, it was found that Household Income and Work stress were not linear in the logit model while Age was found to be linear. Upon comparing models with and without sampling weights, it was found that the model that included sampling weights consisted of the same main effects as the model without sampling weights, along with additional interaction terms which were not present earlier. KEY WORDS: CCHS, Sampling Weights, Logit Models, Fitted Models, Interactions, Stepwise Regression / Thesis / Master of Science (MS)
7

Bases neuronales de la réponse respiratoire au CO2 : Dissection génétique du noyau Rétro-trapézoïde chez la souris / Neuronal basis of CO2 central chemoreflex : Genetic dissection of Retrotrapezoid Nucleus in mice

Ruffault, Pierre-Louis 19 February 2015 (has links)
Le maintien de la PCO2 et du pH du sang artériel est vital. Le principal mécanisme de cette régulation, chez les mammifères, est le chémoréflexe respiratoire central au CO2, une hyperventilation en réponse à l’hypercapnie, dont les bases neurales sont l’enjeu d’un débat persistant. Notre travail s’intéresse aux rôles supposés d’un groupe d’interneurones du niveau facial du tronc cérébral, le « noyau rétrotrapézoïde », dans le chémoréflexe au CO2 et l’accélération du rythme respiratoire autour de la naissance. Notre approche est inspirée par la symptomatologie respiratoire du syndrome d’Ondine ou CCHS (apnées et abrogation du chémoréflexe) et son gène causal, codant le facteur de transcription Phox2b, exprimé par les neurones du RTN. Nous avons disséqué le rôle du RTN dans le chémoréflexe central en étudiant les propriétés anatomiques et fonctionnelles in vitro chez l’embryon, et in vivo chez l’animal postnatal, de modèles murins - perte et gain de fonction –ciblant le RTN de la manière la plus sélective possible par génétique intersectionnelle. Ces modèles sont basés (i) sur l’historique d’expression des facteurs de transcription Phox2b, Lbx1, Atoh1 spécifiant les neurones du RTN au cours du développement et (ii) sur la transposition, chez la souris, de mutations humaines, Phox2b27Ala/+ et Lbx1fs/fs affectant ces facteurs, et qui sont respectivement, diagnostique, et proposé comme telle, du CCHS. L’ensemble des mutants étudiés récapitulent chez la souris, des traits phénotypiques exclusifs chez l’embryon et à la naissance: l’abrogation anatomique du RTN, le ralentissement du rythme respiratoire et la perte complète du chémoréflexe. Nos travaux montrent donc que le RTN est un composant obligatoire du circuit chémoréflexe. Nous montrons de plus, que le chémoréflexe n’est pas requis pour la survie des souriceaux à la naissance, cette dernière pourrait être liée au déficit conjoint d’une autre structure de même identité que le RTN, son homologue segmentaire au niveau trigéminal du tronc cérébral: le groupe péri-trigéminal. / The maintenance of PCO2 and pH in arterial blood is vital. The principal mechanism through which this is achieved in mammals is the respiratory chemoreflex, a hyperventilation response to hypercapnia, whose circuitry is still elusive and the matter of a persistent debate. Our work deals with the putative roles of a group of interneurons at facial level of the brainstem, the “retrotrapezoïd nucleus”, in the CO2 chemoreflex and in the acceleration of breathing around birth. Our approach is inspired by the respiratory symptoms of Ondine’s curse or CCHS (apneas and abrogation of the chemoreflex) and its causal gene, encoding the transcription facteur Phox2b, expressed in RTN neurons. We have dissected the role of the RTN by studying the anatomical and functional properties in vitro in embryos and in vivo at birth and postnatally, of gain and loss of function mutant mouse models, as selective as possible towards the RTN through intersectional strategies. Our models are based (i) on the history of expression of the transcription factors Phox2b, Lbx1, Atoh1 that specify RTN neurons during development and (ii) on the transfer into the mouse of the human mutations Phox2b27Ala/+ and Lbx1fs/fs that target these factors and are respectively diagnostic and candidate diagnostic for CCHS. Compoundly, the mutants recapitulate exclusive phenotypic traits in the embryo and at birth: anatomical abrogation of the RTN, a slowed down respiratory rhythm and the complete loss of chemoreflex. Our work demonstrates that the RTN is an obligatory component of the chemoreflex circuit. Furthermore, we show that the chemoreflex is not required for survival at birth and that the latter may be put at risk by the joint deficiency of another structure sharing the same molecular identity with the RTN, in fact its segmental homologue at trigeminal level of the brainstem: the peri-trigeminal group.
8

Health Behaviour Change in Adults: Analysis of the Canadian Community Health Survey 4.1

Haberman, Carol 16 May 2012 (has links)
This thesis is an investigation of the self-reported health behaviour changes made by adults in the Canadian Community Health Survey 2007, categorized by BMI category. Descriptive analyses and forward stepwise regression were performed to determine variables associated with HBC. The final sample n = 111,449. Overall, 58% of individuals had made a HBC in the past year. Increased exercise was the most common HBC (29%), followed by improved eating habits (10%) and losing weight (7%). Only 51% experienced barriers to HBC; lack of will power was most commonly cited. Overweight and obese individuals were more likely to undertake HBC. In the regression model, opinion of own weight was the strongest predictor of HBC, followed by fruit and vegetable consumption, number of consultations with doctor, smoking status, and perceived health.
9

The Impact of the 2008 Global Financial Crisis on the Health of Canadians

Omar, Sabrina January 2015 (has links)
Despite a clear impact on the Canadian economy, little is known about the subsequent health impacts of the 2008 Global Financial Crisis (GFC). This thesis aims to fill this gap in knowledge by conducting a secondary analysis of Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) data to assess the impact of the GFC on health in Canada – a country that has not yet been thoroughly studied from this angle. Based on when the respondent completed the survey, exposure to the GFC was categorized into four phases: pre-crisis, crisis, stimulus, and austerity. Outcomes investigated include measures of mental health, physical health, and health-related behaviours. Statistically significant associations were observed between several health outcomes and the austerity period as compared to the pre-crisis period. Austerity has been linked to worsening health in other studies and represents an example of how the policy response can have greater detrimental impact on health than the financial crisis itself.
10

The biopsychosocial model and quality of life in persons with active epilepsy

Elliott, John Ottis 17 July 2012 (has links)
No description available.

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