Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-09-28T11:48:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 475267 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1615328 bytes, checksum: 3f7d24664f5e67651b5c246d51836ae2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-28T11:48:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 475267 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1615328 bytes, checksum: 3f7d24664f5e67651b5c246d51836ae2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-30 / Introduction: Adverse childhood experiences are important risk factors for lifetime suicide attempts. However, little is known about the specific contribution of each type of maltreatment on suicidal behavior. The aim of this study was to examine the association between the level of each type of childhood trauma and suicidal behavior severity, controlling for their co-occurrence and common psychiatric disorders. Methods: The data were collected by the Brazilian Internet Study on Temperament and Psychopathology (BRAINSTEP). The final sample consisted of 71429 self-selected volunteers. Childhood maltreatment assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Lifetime suicidal behavior was assessed by using the first item of the Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ- 17). Results: Controlling for demographic variables, childhood trauma subtypes scores, and psychiatric diagnoses (depression, bipolar disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder), severe emotional abuse was associated with suicidal ideation and attempts, mainly for serious suicide attempts (OR, 17.76; 95%CI, 14.59-21.62). Emotional abuse had an exponential association with serious suicide attempts, with a peak at the 99th percentile (OR, 53.37; 95%CI, 22.67- 86.58). For other types of trauma, we found positive associations of smaller magnitude: at the 99th percentile for emotional neglect (OR, 1.9; 95%CI, 1.1- 3.0) and sexual abuse (OR, 2.6; 95%CI, 1.9-3.5), and no meaningful trend for physical abuse and physical neglect. Major depressive disorder and emotional abuse had the highest attributable risk fractions, 58% and 56%, respectively. Conclusions: The risk of suicide attempts increased exponentially with higher scores of emotional abuse. Physical maltreatment in childhood was weakly associated with suicidal behavior severity when controlled for emotional trauma. For suicide prevention, mental health public policies should consider including interventions to prevent and treat the consequences of emotional abuse. / Introdu??o: Os traumas infantis s?o importantes fatores de risco para tentativas de suic?dio. Contudo, pouco se sabe sobre a contribui??o espec?fica de cada tipo de trauma no comportamento suicida. O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar a associa??o entre o n?vel de cada tipo de trauma infantil e a gravidade do comportamento suicida, controlando para poss?veis co-ocorr?ncias e transtornos psiqui?tricos. M?todos: Os dados foram coletados pelo Brazilian Internet Study on Temperament and Psychopathology (BRAINSTEP). A amostra final foi de 71.429 volunt?rios. OS maus tratos na inf?ncia foram avaliados com a Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). O comportamento suicida foi avaliado utilizando o primeiro item do Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ-17). Resultados: Controlando para dados sociodemogr?ficos, n?veis dos tipos de trauma na inf?ncia e diagn?sticos psiqui?tricos (depress?o, transtorno bipolar e transtorno de estresse p?s-traum?tico), o abuso emocional grave foi associado com idea??o suicida e tentativas de suic?dio, principalmente para as graves (OR, 17,76; 95% CI, 14,59-21,62). O abuso emocional teve uma associa??o exponencial com tentativas de suic?dio graves, com um pico no percentil 99 (OR, 53,37; IC95% 22,67-86,58). Para outros tipos de trauma, encontramos associa??es positivas de magnitude menor: no percentil 99 para neglig?ncia emocional (OR, 1,9; 95% CI, 1,1-3,0) e para abuso sexual (OR, 2,6; 95% CI, 1,9- 3,5), e nenhuma tend?ncia significativa para o abuso f?sico e para a neglig?ncia f?sica. O transtorno depressivo maior e o abuso emocional apresentaram as maiores fra??es de risco atribu?veis, 58% e 56%, respectivamente. Conclus?es: O risco de tentativas de suic?dio aumentou exponencialmente com n?veis mais altos de abuso emocional. Os maus tratos f?sicos na inf?ncia foram fracamente associados com a gravidade do comportamento suicida quando controlados para trauma emocional. Para preven??o do suic?dio, as pol?ticas p?blicas de sa?de mental devem considerar a inclus?o de interven??es para prevenir e tratar as conseq??ncias do abuso emocional.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-09-28T11:52:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 475280 - Texto Completo.pdf: 525795 bytes, checksum: 5c0f0bf5209210648acdb4e6e91772b1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-28T11:52:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 475280 - Texto Completo.pdf: 525795 bytes, checksum: 5c0f0bf5209210648acdb4e6e91772b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-26 / Introduction - The Chronic Kidney Disease Stage V requires substitution therapy of renal function. The dialysis demand treatment, where possible, support from caregivers / family members. Objectives: Profile Coping caregivers / family members, according to Jalowiec Coping Scale (JCS), and the perception of social support and Score Davies Comorbidity (SDC) of patients. Study Type: This is a prospective cross-sectional study. Sample: Caregivers / family members of patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis and patients themselves. Materials and Methods: The following measuring instruments were used: Coping Scale Jalowiec (affirmative multiple choice), Score of Davies Comorbidity (0-7 points), Inventory Social Support Network (ISSN; 0-40 points) and lifting sociodemographic data. Results - study included 138 subjects, 69 caregivers / family members, 69 patients, 48 patients agreed to respond to ISSN. The sample of caregivers / family members was characterized by 72.5% women, 78.2% in "Domestic Partnership", and kinship: spouse (53.6%), followed son of (a) 26.1%. In category Coping, the most frequent was the Focused Problems (78.0%) and the predominant subcategory JCS was the Sustentative profile (42.7%) and Confrontive (24.4%). The analysis of patients showed that: 79.2% had hemodialysis, 58.3% were men, 36.2% had SCD> 2 and at ISSN, 83% noticed a lot of support (35.5 + 5.1). Conclusions: Coping strategy of caregivers / family members depend on the Score of Davies Comorbidity of patients, and the relationship between perceived social support and Coping Jalowiec profiles. / Introdu??o: A Doen?a Renal Cr?nica de est?gio V requer terapia de substituti??o da fun??o renal. O tratamento dial?tico demanda, quando poss?vel, suporte por parte de acompanhantes /familiares. Objetivos: Perfil de Coping de acompanhantes/familiares, segundo a Escala de Coping Jalowiec, bem como a percep??o de apoio social e Escore de Comorbidade de Davies dos pacientes. Tipo de Estudo: Trata-se de um estudo transversal prospectivo. Amostra: Acompanhantes/familiares de pacientes com doen?a renal cr?nica em tratamento dial?tico, bem como os pr?prios pacientes. Materiais e M?todos: Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos de medida: Escala de Coping Jalowiec (afirmativas de escolha m?ltiplas), Escore de Comorbidade de Davies (0 a 7 pontos), Invent?rio de Rede de Suporte Social (0 a 40 pontos) e levantamento de dados sociodemogr?ficos. Resultados: Foram inclu?dos 138 indiv?duos, sendo 69 acompanhantes/familiares, 69 pacientes, sendo que 48 pacientes aceitaram responder ao IRSS. A amostra dos acompanhantes/familiares caracterizou-se por 72,5% mulheres, 78,2% em ?Uni?o Est?vel?, e grau de parentesco: c?njuge (53,6%), seguido de filho (a) 26,1%. Em rela??o ? categoria de Coping, a mais frequente foi a Focado no Problema (78,0%) e a subcategoria predominante na ECJ foi o perfil Sustentativo (42,7%) e Confrontivo (24,4%). A an?lise dos pacientes mostrou que: 79,2% realizavam hemodi?lise, 58,3% eram homens, 36,2% possu?am ECD >2 e, pelo IRSS, 83% perceberam muito apoio (35,5 + 5,1). Conclus?es: A estrat?gia de Coping dos acompanhantes/familiares independe do Escore de Comorbidade de Davies dos pacientes, bem como a rela??o entre a percep??o de apoio social e os perfis de Coping Jalowiec.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-09-28T12:04:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 475275 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1472800 bytes, checksum: fe0676cb911e95563a60b4837d542763 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-28T12:04:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 475275 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1472800 bytes, checksum: fe0676cb911e95563a60b4837d542763 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-21 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been proposed as a high potential therapeutic technique for the treatment of metabolic bone diseases and fractures with delayed healing. However, recent investigations have shown controversial results, suggesting the need for more studies on the understanding of biological responses and the standardization of methods and parameters. For this reason, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of ultrasound on the proliferation and mineralization of osteoblasts using in vitro bioassays. Pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells were used and treated with therapeutic pulsed ultrasound, 20%, frequency of 1MHz and 0,2W/cm2 of intensity. In the study of cellular proliferation, intracellular calcium, TGF-?1, magnesium and osteopontin and osteocalcin mRNA levels, NF-?B1 and p38? were evaluated. In addition, nifedipine and rapamycin were used to investigate the proliferation pathways. Initially, the results showed an increase in proliferation of MC3T3-E1 and a decrease in calcium and magnesium content in supernatant with LIPUS exposure. In addition, LIPUS increased calcium deposition, activated NF-?B1 and mTOR complex via p38? and promoted a decrease in TGF-?1 synthesis, which is an inhibitor of cell growth. On cell mineralization assays, we evaluated mineral nodules deposition and expression of osteocalcin mRNA, collagen concentrations on culture supernatant, phosphate, calcium, TGF- ?1 and ALP on cell lysates. The results showed that US stimulates the mineralization of preosteoblasts 192h after treatment by stimulating osteocalcin mRNA expression, calcium and phosphate uptake amd consequent formation of HA. Later, in different experimental conditions, the results showed that LIPUS had the ability to stimulate pre-osteoblastic mineralization with decreased concentration of collagen, calcium and phosphate in the cell supernatant 192 hours after treatment. It also changed the alkaline phosphatase concentration, as well as the osteocalcin gene expression. / O ultrassom pulsado de baixa intensidade surge como recurso terap?utico de alto potencial para o tratamento de doen?as osteometabolicas e fraturas com atraso de consolida??o ?ssea. Entretanto, investiga??es recentes demonstram resultados controversos, sugerindo a necessidade de mais estudos acerca do entendimento das respostas biol?gicas e na padroniza??o dos par?metros das modalidades de tratamento. Sendo assim, o presente estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do ultrassom na prolifera??o e mineraliza??o de pre-?steoblastos a partir de bioensaios in vitro. Foram utilizados pr?-osteoblastos da linhagem MC3T3-E1, sendo estas tratadas com ultrassom terap?utico no modo pulsado a 20%, com uma frequ?ncia de 1MHz e intensidade de 0,2 W/cm2. No estudo de prolifera??o celular, avaliamos c?lcio intracelular, o TGF-?1, magn?sio e os n?veis de mRNA de osteopontina e osteocalcina, NF-?B1 e p38?. Al?m disso, utilizamos nifedipina e a rapamicina para investigar rotas de prolifera??o. Inicialmente, os resultados mostraram que o ultrassom aumenta prolifera??o de MC3T3-E1, diminuindo o teor de c?lcio e magn?sio no sobrenadante. Al?m disso, aumenta a concentra??o de c?lcio intracelular, ativa NF-?B1 e o complexo mTOR via p38? e promove uma diminui??o na s?ntese de TGF-?1, que ? um inibidor do crescimento celular. Nos ensaios de mineraliza??o celular avaliamos inicialmente a deposi??o n?dulos de minerais na placa de cultura e a express?o g?nica da osteocalcina por PCR convencional, e, posterirormente a concentra??o no sobrenadante celular de col?geno, fosfato, c?lcio, TGF-? al?m de fosfatase alcalina no lizado de c?lulas. Os resultados mostraram que o ultrassom tem a capacidade de estimular a mineraliza??o pr?-osteoblastica em 192 horas ap?s o tratamento a partir do aumento da express?o osteocalcina, capta??o de c?lcio e fosfato e consequente forma??o de hidroxiapatita.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-09-28T12:08:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 475276 - Texto Completo.pdf: 728662 bytes, checksum: 7194a4b0c855aef6529781b51c0c459a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-28T12:08:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 475276 - Texto Completo.pdf: 728662 bytes, checksum: 7194a4b0c855aef6529781b51c0c459a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01-20 / Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between improvement in dyslipidemia and changes in body fat percentage. Material and Method: We conducted an observational, retrospective cohort study of patients subjected to gastric bypass. We selected patients who underwent bioimpedance analysis before surgery and at 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Patients underwent laboratory tests and anthropometric measurements at the same time. Results: We studied 228 patients with a mean age of 37.4 ? 11.7 years. Most patients were female (76.3%). Initially, 143 patients (66.2%) showed criteria for dyslipidemia, and 6 months after surgery, this number fell to 83 patients (50.6%) and continued falling over time to only 45 patients (28.5%) 12 months after surgery. In relating different variables with the decrease in percent body fat at 12 months, a significant association was seen with weight loss (r=0.258; p=0.009), BMI (r=0.272; p=0.005) and waist circumference (r=0.357, p <0.001). However, the only biochemical parameter showing a significant association was HDL-C level (r=-0.267; p=0.009). Patients with the greatest decrease in body fat percentage were those with the largest decrease in weight, BMI and waist circumference and highest increase in HDL-C level. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the association of decrease in percent body fat with increase in HDL-C, regardless of sex and age. The same association was also observed when using the parameters BMI, weight loss and waist circumference. / Introdu??o: O objetivo deste estudo ? avaliar a correla??o entre a melhora da dislipidemia e as altera??es do percentual de gordura corporal. Material e M?todo: Realizamos uma coorte observacional e retrospectiva, pacientes submetidos ao Bypass g?strico. Foram selecionados pacientes que realizaram bioimped?ncia antes da cirurgia e nos meses 3, 6 e 12 de p?s-operat?rio. Os pacientes realizaram exames laboratoriais e medidas antropom?tricas no mesmo momento. Resultados: Foram avaliados 228 pacientes com m?dia de idade de 37,4?11,7 anos. A predomin?ncia foi do sexo feminino (76,3%). Inicialmente 143 pacientes (66,2%) apresentavam crit?rios para dislipidemia e ap?s 6 m?s de cirurgia este n?mero caiu para 83 pacientes (50,6%) e continuou reduzindo at? um ano p?s-cir?rgico chegando a apenas 45 pacientes (28,5%) ap?s 12 meses de cirurgia. Na avalia??o da associa??o das vari?veis com a redu??o do percentual de gordura corporal aos 12 meses, as que se associaram significativamente foram a redu??o do peso (r=0,258; p=0,009), IMC (r=0,272; p=0,005) e circunfer?ncia abdominal (r=0,357; p<0,001). No entanto, com os par?metros bioqu?micos a associa??o foi significativa apenas com os n?veis de HDL (r=-0,267; p=0,009). Pacientes com maior redu??o do percentual de gordura corporal foram os que mais reduziram o peso, IMC e circunfer?ncia abdominal e tamb?m foram os que mais aumentaram os n?veis de HDL. Conclus?o: Este trabalho evidenciou a associa??o da redu??o do percentual de gordura corporal com o aumento do HDL, independente do sexo e da idade. A mesma associa??o tamb?m foi observada quando utilizados os par?metros IMC, redu??o de peso e medida da circunfer?ncia abdominal.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-10-05T19:17:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 475514 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1720487 bytes, checksum: d25e86525eb79aae71491a51f3662cf9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-05T19:17:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 475514 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1720487 bytes, checksum: d25e86525eb79aae71491a51f3662cf9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-07 / The healthy neuronal function and synaptic modification need both the synthesis and degradation of proteins. Evidence indicates that the protein turnover mediated by proteasome activity is involved in synaptic plasticity and long term memory. However, their role in different stages of memory is still under discussion, and previous studies did not evaluate the possible need of protein degradation in recognition memory. In this work, we have shown that proteasome inhibitor, lactacystin, infused in the CA1 area of the hippocampus at two specific time periods during consolidation affect the retention of the recognition memory in mice. The administration of lactacystin did not affect the reconsolidation of memory. These findings provide the first evidence for the importance of proteasome activity in memory recognition, indicating that the protein breakdown in the hippocampus is required during two specific time windows in memory consolidation, contributing to a better understanding of protein turnover's role in memory formation. Changes of brain iron levels have been observed in neurodegenerative diseases. It has been demonstrated by our research group, that iron overload in the neonatal period results in severe and persistent memory deficits in adulthood. Protein degradation mediated by the ubiquitin proteasome system plays an important role in regulating various cellular processes and their involvement has been implicated in pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. So in this study was also evaluated the effects of iron exposure in the neonatal period on the expression of proteasome subunits ?1, ?2, and ?5 and polyubiquitinated proteins in brains of rats at 15 days of life and adulthood. Two types of hippocampal-dependent memory and recognition aversive were analyzed in adult animals. We confirm earlier evidence that iron administered in the neonatal period affect both the aversive memory and recognition memory. The levels of proteins polyubiquitinated found to be high in the hippocampus, but not in the cortex of adult animals treated with iron. The gene expression of the subunits ?1 and ?5 were affected by age in the hippocampus, which is higher in the early stages of development, accompanied by a related increase with age polyubiquitinated protein levels in adult rats. In the cortex, the gene expression of all three subunits of the proteasome was significantly higher in old adult than in neonatal age. Together, these results suggest that the expression of the subunits of the proteasome and are regulated activity of age-dependent manner. This was the first study to investigate the protein degradation system in the brain of rats newborns and also the first to study the proteasome subunits comparing neonatal and adult ages. Exposure to iron in the neonatal period produces long lasting harmful effects on the functioning of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which may be related to deficiency of the iron induced memory, providing evidence that this system can be considered a target for the treatment of deficits memory. / A fun??o neuronal saud?vel e a modifica??o sin?ptica precisam tanto da s?ntese quanto da degrada??o de prote?nas. Evid?ncias indicam que o turnover de prote?nas mediado pela atividade do proteassoma est? envolvido na plasticidade sin?ptica e na mem?ria de longa dura??o. No entanto, seu papel nas diferentes fases da mem?ria continua em discuss?o, e estudos anteriores n?o avaliaram a poss?vel necessidade da degrada??o de prote?nas na mem?ria de reconhecimento. Nesse trabalho, n?s mostramos que o inibidor de proteassoma, lactacistina, infundido na ?rea de CA1 do hipocampo em dois per?odos de tempo espec?ficos durante a consolida??o, prejudica a reten??o da mem?ria de reconhecimento em ratos. A administra??o da lactacistina n?o afetou a reconsolida??o da mem?ria. Estas descobertas fornecem a primeira evid?ncia para a import?ncia da atividade do proteassoma na mem?ria de reconhecimento, indicando que a degrada??o de prote?nas no hipocampo ? necess?ria durante duas janelas de tempo espec?ficas na consolida??o da mem?ria, contribuindo para a melhor compreens?o do papel do turnover de prote?na na forma??o da mem?ria. Altera??es dos n?veis de ferro cerebral t?m sido observadas em doen?as neurodegenerativas. J? foi demonstrado pelo nosso grupo de pesquisa, que a sobrecarga de ferro no per?odo neonatal resulta em graves e persistentes d?ficits de mem?ria na vida adulta. A degrada??o das prote?nas mediada pelo sistema ubiquitina-proteassoma desempenha um importante papel na regula??o de v?rios processos celulares e seu comprometimento tem sido implicado na patog?nese de doen?as neurodegenerativas. Ent?o, nesse estudo, tamb?m foram avaliados os efeitos da exposi??o de ferro no per?odo neonatal sobre a express?o das subunidades do proteassoma ?1, ?2, e ?5 e das prote?nas poliubiquitinadas em c?rebros de ratos aos 15 dias de vida e na idade adulta. Dois tipos de mem?ria dependente do hipocampo, aversiva e de reconhecimento, foram analisados em animais adultos. Confirmamos as evid?ncias anteriores, de que o ferro administrado no per?odo neonatal prejudica tanto a mem?ria aversiva quanto a mem?ria de reconhecimento. Os n?veis de prote?nas poliubiquitinadas encontraram-se elevados no hipocampo, mas n?o no c?rtex, de animais adultos tratados com ferro. A express?o g?nica das subunidades ?1 e ?5 foram afetadas pela idade no hipocampo, sendo maior nos primeiros est?gios de desenvolvimento, acompanhado por um aumento relacionado com a idade nos n?veis de prote?na poliubiquitinada em ratos adultos. No c?rtex, a express?o g?nica das tr?s subunidades do proteassoma foi significativamente mais elevada na idade adulta do que na idade neonatal. Em conjunto, esses resultados sugerem que a express?o das subunidades e a atividade do proteassoma s?o regulados de forma dependente da idade. Este, foi o primeiro estudo a investigar o sistema de degrada??o de prote?nas em c?rebros de ratos neonatos e tamb?m, o primeiro a estudar as subunidades do proteassoma comparando as idades neonatal e adulta. A exposi??o ao ferro no per?odo neonatal produz efeitos nocivos duradouros sobre o funcionamento do sistema ubiquitina-proteassoma, que pode estar relacionado com a defici?ncia de mem?ria induzida pelo ferro, fornecendo evid?ncias de que esse sistema pode ser considerado um alvo para o tratamento dos d?ficits de mem?ria.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-10-06T11:14:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 475531 - Texto Completo.pdf: 5214218 bytes, checksum: 13635df8abaf0449a3b53757cc221f0f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-06T11:14:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 475531 - Texto Completo.pdf: 5214218 bytes, checksum: 13635df8abaf0449a3b53757cc221f0f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-24 / Studies have shown that cinnamon (Cinnamomum sp), has beneficial effects on cardiometabolic risk factors. In this thesis, we present two articles. The first article, CINNAMON (CINNAMOMUM SP) AND ITS EFFECT ON THE COMPONENTS OF METABOLIC SYNDROME, aimed to provide a narrative review of cinnamon and its effect on the components of the metabolic syndrome (MS). In seven out of nine identified trials, cinnamon efficacy in modulating components of MS was demonstrated, (reduction of waist circumference, decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, decreased fasting glucose, reducing triglyceride levels), in other cardiometabolic risk factors [reduction of total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-c levels, postprandial blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), reduced body mass index (BMI) and Body fat], and also increasing lean body mass. The only component that MS did not change with the use of cinnamon was HDL-c. The second article, original, EFFECT OF CINNAMON (CINNAMOMUM SP) INTAKE ON CARDIOMETABOLIC AND BODY COMPOSITION PARAMETERS IN ELDERLY WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME, discussed the results of a randomized clinical trial, placebo-controlled, double-blind. The aim was to verify the effectiveness of cinnamon (Cinnamomum sp) intake in cardiometabolic parameters and body composition in elderly patients with metabolic syndrome (MS).The sample was selected from elderly community day centers in Southern Brazil. 59 elderly people with MS were randomized, divided into two groups: cinnamon group (CI, n= 32) and control group (CG, n = 27). The CI received 3g/day of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) and the CO received placebo (12 capsules fractionated at breakfast, lunch and dinner) for 12 weeks. The diagnostic criteria for MS was the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III - revised. Cardiometabolic parameters (anthropometric, blood pressure and biochemical profile) were observed in two moments (pre-intervention and post-intervention). In the pre-intervention, it was found that the groups were homogenous, except for the fat-free mass that was significantly higher in the CI. In the post-intervention, no differences were observed. In the intragroup comparison, reduced glycated hemoglobin [(HbA1C was observed; pre-intervention = 7.18 ? 0.99; post-intervention = 6.50 ? 1.25; P = 0.023] in the CI. The decrease in waist circumference was observed in both groups; however CI group presented a significantly greater reduction than the CO (CI= -3.20?2.94; CO= -1.57?2.34; P=0.024). Conclusion: Cinnamon intake was effective in lowering both WC and HbA1C in elderly patients with MS. Further studies with larger sample sizes, different doses and cinnamon display modes are suggested (as tea is a beverage usually consumed by the elderly in Southern Brazil) in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of cinnamon in the other components of MS, as well as other cardiometabolic parameters and body composition. / Estudos t?m demonstrado que a canela (Cinnamomum sp), apresenta efeito ben?fico sobre fatores de risco cardiometab?lico. Na presente tese, s?o apresentados dois artigos. O primeiro artigo, CANELA (CINNAMOMUM SP) E SEU EFEITO NOS COMPONENTES DA S?NDROME METAB?LICA, teve por objetivo apresentar uma revis?o narrativa sobre canela e seu efeito nos componentes da s?ndrome metab?lica (SM). Dos nove ensaios cl?nicos identificados, em sete foi demonstrada a efic?cia da canela na modula??o dos componentes da SM (redu??o da circunfer?ncia da cintura, diminui??o da press?o arterial sist?lica e diast?lica; diminui??o da glicemia de jejum; redu??o dos n?veis de triglicer?deo), de outros fatores de risco cardiometab?lico [redu??o dos n?veis de colesterol total (CT) e de LDL-c, da glicemia p?s-prandial, de hemoglobina glicada (HbA1C), redu??o do ?ndice de massa corporal (IMC) e da gordura corporal], e tamb?m o aumento da massa magra. O ?nico componente da SM que n?o sofreu altera??o com a utiliza??o da canela foi o HDL-c. O segundo artigo, original, EFFECT OF CINNAMON (CINNAMOMUM SP) INTAKE ON CARDIOMETABOLIC AND BODY COMPOSITION PARAMETERS IN ELDERLY WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME, abordou os resultados do um ensaio cl?nico randomizado, controlado por placebo, duplo-cego. O objetivo foi verificar a efic?cia da ingest?o de canela (Cinnamomum sp) em par?metros cardiometab?licos e de composi??o corporal em idosos com S?ndrome Metab?lica (SM).A amostra foi selecionada em grupos de conviv?ncia para idosos do Sul do Brasil. Foram randomizados 59 idosos com SM, alocados em dois grupos: grupo canela (GCA, n= 32) e grupo controle (GCO, n= 27). O GCA recebeu 3g/dia de canela (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) e o GCO recebeu placebo (12 c?psulas fracionadas no desjejum, almo?o e jantar), durante 12 semanas. O crit?rio diagn?stico para SM utilizado foi o do National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III- revisado. Os par?metros cardiometab?licos (antropom?tricos, press?o arterial e perfil bioqu?mico) foram verificados em dois momentos (pr?-interven??o e p?s-interven??o). Na pr?-interven??o, verificou-se que os grupos eram homog?neos, exceto para a massa livre de gordura que era significativamente maior no GCA. Na p?s-interven??o, n?o foram observadas diferen?as. J? na compara??o intragrupo, foi observada redu??o da hemoglobina glicada [(HbA1C); pr?-interven??o= 7.18?0.99; p?s-interven??o= 6.50?1.25; P=0.023] no GCA. A diminui??o da circunfer?ncia da cintura (CC) foi verificada tanto no GCA quanto no GCO; entretanto o GCA apresentou uma redu??o significativamente maior do que GCO (GCA= -3.20?2.94; GCO= -1.57?2.34; P= 0.024). Concluiu-se que a ingest?o de 3g/dia de canela foi eficaz na redu??o da CC e da HbA1C em idosos com SM. Sugere-se a realiza??o de novos estudos, com tamanho amostral maior, diferentes doses e modos de apresenta??o da canela (como em ch? que ? uma bebida consumida habitualmente por idosos da regi?o Sul do Brasil) visando demonstrar a efic?cia da canela nos demais componentes da SM, assim como em outros par?metros cardiometab?licos e de composi??o corporal.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-10-09T20:00:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 475666 - Texto Parcial.pdf: 421018 bytes, checksum: 08ee6322735a0efb306735f02b198a26 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-09T20:00:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 475666 - Texto Parcial.pdf: 421018 bytes, checksum: 08ee6322735a0efb306735f02b198a26 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-31 / Introduction: recent evidence has linked vitamin D to benefits in lung health. Little is known, however, about the impact of vitamin D on clinical outcomes in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). In this study, we evaluated the association between vitamin D levels and nutritional status, pulmonary function (PF) and pulmonary exacerbations in children and adolescents with CF. Methods: 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels of 37 children and adolescents were evaluated retrospectively. Pulmonary function data, albumin, body mass index (BMI), height for age (H/A) and pulmonary exacerbations episodes were associated with vitamin D levels divided into two groups: normal (?30ng/ml) and insufficient (<30ng/ml). Results: hypovitaminosis D (25[OH]D <30ng/ml) was observed in 54% of patients. The mean of 25(OH)D was 30,53?12,14ng/ml. Pulmonary function and nutritional status were not associated with vitamin D levels. The number of pulmonary exacerbations over a period of two years (p=0,007) and post-dosing period of 25(OH)D (p=0,002) was significantly higher in patients with hypovitaminosis D. There was a trend of lower 25(OH)D levels during autumn and winter (p=0,067). Conclusion: vitamin D deficiency was associated with higher rates of pulmonary exacerbation in children and adolescents with CF. Vitamin D can be a marker of disease severity or be a significant causal factor for a higher number of pulmonary exacerbations. Prospective studies can help to clarify the causality of this association. / Introdu??o: recentes evid?ncias t?m associado a vitamina D a benef?cios na sa?de pulmonar. Pouco se sabe, entretanto, sobre o impacto da vitamina D em desfechos cl?nicos na popula??o pedi?trica com fibrose c?stica (FC). Neste estudo, avaliamos as associa??es entre os n?veis de vitamina D e o estado nutricional, a fun??o pulmonar (FP) e as exacerba??es pulmonares (EP) em crian?as e adolescentes com FC. M?todos: n?veis de 25-hidroxivitamina D (25[OH]D) de 37 crian?as e adolescentes foram avaliados retrospectivamente. Dados de fun??o pulmonar, albumina, ?ndice de massa corporal (IMC), estatura para idade (E/I) e epis?dios de exacerba??o pulmonar foram associados com n?veis de vitamina D divididos em dois grupos: normal (?30ng/ml) e insuficiente (<30ng/ml). Resultados: a hipovitaminose D (25[OH]D <30ng/ml) foi observada em 54% dos pacientes. A m?dia de 25(OH) D foi 30,53?12,14ng/ml. Fun??o pulmonar e estado nutricional n?o se associaram com os n?veis de vitamina D. O n?mero de exacerba??es pulmonares em um per?odo de dois anos (p=0,007) e no per?odo p?s-dosagem da 25(OH)D (p=0,002) foi significativamente maior em pacientes com hipovitaminose D. Houve uma tend?ncia de menores n?veis de 25(OH)D nos per?odos de outono e inverno (p=0,067). Conclus?o: a hipovitaminose D se associou com maiores taxas de exacerba??o pulmonar em crian?as e adolescentes com FC. A vitamina D pode ser um marcador de gravidade da doen?a ou ainda ser um fator causal relevante para um n?mero mais elevado de exacerba??es pulmonares. Estudos prospectivos podem contribuir para esclarecer a causalidade desta associa??o.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-10-21T17:41:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 475831 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1316173 bytes, checksum: 64789fc45b950fe6aa4f2838868214bd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-21T17:41:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 475831 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1316173 bytes, checksum: 64789fc45b950fe6aa4f2838868214bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-04 / Introduction : Physical activity and martial arts have a major influence on cognitive performance of elderly, and can be important tools for preventing the development of cognitive decline and improve intervention strategies. Martial arts, especially Karate-Do, our object of study, are considered forms of complete exercise, which besides bringing benefits to physical health, contribute to stimulate motor and cognitive skills, improved quality of life and emotional aspects of their practitioners. Objective : to determine the effectiveness of a Karate-Do training, Wado-ryu style, on cognition in healthy elderly. Methods : A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted with 33 elderly divided into two groups: Karate group (n = 16) and Control group (n = 17). In the pre and post-intervention phases, the elderly answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, a battery of neuropsychological tests (evaluation of attention, memory, language, perception, visoconstruction abilities and executive functions), subjective cognitive complaints and mood scales (anxiety and depression). Intervention with Karate-Do was conducted twice a week, lasting 60 minutes each session, for 12 weeks. The exercises consisted of kihon, kata and kumite typical of Karate-Do. Control group did not perform any physical activity or cognitive stimulation during the intervention period. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferences statistics. A comparison of performance neuropsychological tests and subjective complaints scales, within and between-groups in the pre- and post-intervention, was performed using the Mann-Whitney test and Wilcoxon test. Results : the groups showed no statistically significant differences in the sociodemographic and clinical data in the pre-intervention phase. In intra-group comparison, at the end of the intervention, Karate Group achieved better performance in visual memory (Mpre: 11,78; sdpre: 6,12 / Mpost: 14,38; sdpost: 5,35 / p: 0,041), alternating attention (Mpre: 146,98; sdpre: 92,74 / Mpost: 121,39; sdpost: 70,71; p: 0,017), episodic verbal memory (Mpre: 43,88; sdpre: 7,74 / Mpost: 49,06; sdpost: 8,06; p: ?0,001), executive functions tasks (Mpre: 21,88; sdpre: 15,07 / Mpost: 31,88; sdpost: 14,91; p: 0,024) and reduction of subjective memory complaints by relatives (Mpre: 24,63; sdpre: 3,12 / Mpost: 19,69; sdpost: 5,61; p: 0,003). Control Group showed no significant differences in cognitive performance between pre- and post-intervention. In between-groups analysis at post-intervention phase, Karate group had higher scores than the Control Group in visual memory task (MGK: 14,38; sdGK: 5,35 / MGC: 10,03; sdGC: 3,43; p: 0,019) and reduction of subjective memory complaints by relatives (MGK: 19,69; sdGK: 5,61 / MGC: 24,41; sdGC: 5,12; p: 0,008). Conclusions : The Karate-Do training, Wado-ryu style, was effective in cognitive stimulation in healthy elderly, especially in tasks of attention, memory and executive functions. / Introdu??o : a atividade f?sica e artes marciais possuem uma grande influ?ncia no desempenho cognitivo de idosos, e podem ser ferramentas importantes de preven??o do desenvolvimento de decl?nio cognitivo e incrementar estrat?gias de interven??o. As artes marciais, especialmente o Karate-Do, nosso objeto de estudo, s?o consideradas formas de exerc?cio completas, que al?m de trazerem benef?cios ? sa?de f?sica, contribuem para estimular habilidades motoras e cognitivas, melhora da qualidade de vida e de aspectos emocionais de seus praticantes. Objetivo : verificar a efic?cia de um treinamento de Karate-Do, estilo Wado-ryu, sobre a cogni??o de idosos saud?veis. M?todo : realizou-se um ensaio cl?nico controlado e randomizado com 33 idosos divididos em dois grupos: Grupo Karate (n = 16) e Grupo Controle (n = 17). Nas etapas pr? e p?s-interven??o os idosos responderam a um question?rio sociodemogr?fico, a uma bateria de testes neuropsicol?gicos (avalia??o de aten??o, mem?ria, linguagem, percep??o, habilidades visuoconstrutivas e fun??es executivas) e a escalas de queixas cognitivas subjetivas e de humor (ansiedade e depress?o). A interven??o foi conduzida duas vezes por semana, com dura??o de 60 minutos/aula, por 12 semanas. Os exerc?cios eram compostos de kihon, kata e kumite t?picos de Karate-Do. O Grupo Controle n?o realizou nenhuma atividade f?sica ou de estimula??o cognitiva durante o per?odo de interven??o. A an?lise dos dados foi realizada com estat?sticas descritivas e de infer?ncias. A compara??o de desempenho nos testes neuropsicol?gicos e nas escalas de queixas subjetivas intra e entre-grupos, nos per?odos pr? e p?s-interven??o, foi realizada atrav?s do Teste U de Mann-Whitney e Wilcoxon. Resultados : os grupos n?o apresentaram diferen?as estatisticamente significativas com rela??o aos dados sociodemogr?ficos e cl?nicos na etapa pr?-interven??o. Na compara??o intra-grupos, ap?s a interven??o, o Grupo Karate demonstrou diferen?a significativa nas tarefas de mem?ria visual (Mpr?: 11,78; dppr?: 6,12 / Mp?s: 14,38; dpp?s: 5,35 / p: 0,041), aten??o alternada (Mpr?: 146,98; dppr?: 92,74 / Mp?s: 121,39; dpp?s: 70,71; p: 0,017), mem?ria verbal epis?dica (Mpr?: 43,88; dppr?: 7,74 / Mp?s: 49,06; dpp?s: 8,06; p: ?0,001), fun??es executivas (Mpr?: 21,88; dppr?: 15,07 / Mp?s: 31,88; dpp?s: 14,91; p: 0,024) e queixas de mem?ria pelo familiar (Mpr?: 24,63; dppr?: 3,12 / Mp?s: 19,69; dpp?s: 5,61; p: 0,003). N?o foram encontradas diferen?as significativas de desempenho cognitivo do Grupo Controle entre os per?odos pr? e p?s-interven??o. Na compara??o entre-grupos no ap?s a interven??o, o Grupo Karate apresentou escores mais elevados nas tarefas de mem?ria visual (MGK: 14,38; dpGK: 5,35 / MGC: 10,03; dpGC: 3,43; p: 0,019) e redu??o nas queixas subjetivas de mem?ria pelo familiar em compara??o ao Grupo Controle (MGK: 19,69; dpGK: 5,61 / MGC: 24,41; dpGC: 5,12; p: 0,008). Conclus?o : O treinamento de Karate-Do estilo Wado-ryu mostrou-se eficaz na estimula??o cognitiva de idosos saud?veis, especialmente em tarefas de aten??o, mem?ria e fun??es executivas.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-10-28T21:42:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 475919 - Texto Parcial.pdf: 381957 bytes, checksum: c63b236b74973994f585b6bd7db08855 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-28T21:42:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 475919 - Texto Parcial.pdf: 381957 bytes, checksum: c63b236b74973994f585b6bd7db08855 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Introduction : Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a major cause of viral lower respiratory tract infection in children under two years of age. Memory CD8 T cell response to VSR does not provide an efficient and long-lasting immune response, so there are recurrent infections throughout life. The role of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) and the purinergic receptor P2X7 in the memory CD8 T cell response during RSV infection has not been investigated. Objectives : To analize the effect of rapamycin on dendritic cells (DCs) during RSV infection, as well as to evaluate the role of P2X7 purinergic receptor in CD8 memory T cells response during RSV infection. Methodology : Bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) differentiated from C57BL/6 P2X7-/- and C57BL/6 mice were infected with VSR virus and used to activate T cells purified from C57BL/6 P2X7-/- and C57BL/6 mice in vitro for 96 hours. In addition, BMDCs differentiated from C57BL/6 mice received 20ng/ml rapamycin during 1h prior infection. The following parameters were evaluated: BMDC cell death by apoptosis, memory cells markers by flow cytometry and RNA viral quantitation was performed by real time PCR. Results : Rapamycin treatment in RSV infected BMDCs decreases the frequency of CD8+CD44high cells and increases the level of viral RNA in DCs, but the rapamycin does not affect the viability of the infected dendritic cells. Furthermore, when BMDCs were treated with rapamycin, an increase of BMDC survival occurred, depending on the contact with the T cells. The absence of purinergic receptor P2X7 in T cells leads to a decrease in the frequency of CD8+CD122+KLRG1-, however the absence of purinergic receptor in infected BMDCs increases the frequency of CD8+CD122+ KLRG1- T cells. Conclusion : Our study suggests that P2X7 receptor is involved in memory CD8 T cell response. In addition our data indicated that mTOR inhibition increases the survival of BMDCs in a mechanism dependent on T-cell contact and also suggests that rapamycin treatment on dendritic cells during VSR infection affect CD8 T cell differentiation. / Introdu??o : O V?rus Sincicial Respirat?rio (VSR) ? um dos principais causadores de infec??o viral do trato respirat?rio inferior em crian?as menores de dois anos de idade. A resposta de c?lulas T CD8 de mem?ria para VSR n?o apresenta uma resposta imune eficiente e duradoura, por isso s?o recorrentes as infec??es durante a vida. At? o momento n?o se tem o conhecimento sobre o envolvimento do mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) e do receptor purin?rgico P2X7 na resposta de c?lulas T CD8 de mem?ria durante a infec??o de VSR. Objetivos : Investigar o efeito da rapamicina nas c?lulas dendr?ticas (DCs) durante a infec??o viral, bem como, avaliar o efeito do receptor purin?rgico P2X7 nas c?lulas dendr?ticas (DCs) infectadas com o v?rus VSR na resposta de c?lulas T CD8 de mem?ria. Metodologia : C?lulas dendr?ticas diferenciadas de medula ?ssea (BMDCs) de camundongos C57BL/6 P2X7-/- e C57BL/6 infectadas com VSR foram utilizadas para ativar c?lulas T purificadas de camundongos C57BL/6 P2X7-/- e C57BL/6 durante 96 horas. Al?m disso, um grupo de BMDCs de camundongos C57BL/6 recebeu 20ng/mL de rapamicina durante 1h antes da infec??o. As DCs foram marcadas para investiga??o de morte celular por apoptose, as c?lulas T marcadas para an?lise c?lulas de mem?ria e a quantifica??o do RNA viral foi realizada atrav?s de PCR em tempo real. Resultados : O tratamento com o inibidor de mTOR nas BMDCs infectadas pelo VSR diminuiu a gera??o de c?lulas T CD8+ CD44high e aumentou os n?veis de RNA viral nas DCs, por?m a rapamicina n?o influenciou a viabilidade das c?lulas dendr?ticas infectadas. Quando as BMDCs foram tratadas com rapamicina, houve um aumento de sobreviv?ncia das c?lulas, dependente do contato com as c?lulas T. Na aus?ncia do receptor purin?rgico P2X7 nas c?lulas T, ocorreu uma diminui??o na frequ?ncia das c?lulas T CD8+CD122+KLRG1-, entretanto a aus?ncia do receptor purin?rgico nas BMDCs infectadas aumentou a frequ?ncia destas c?lulas T CD8+CD122+KLRG1-. Conclus?o : Nosso estudo sugere que o receptor P2X7 est? envolvido na resposta de c?lulas T CD8 de mem?ria durante a infec??o pelo VSR. Al?m disso, sugere-se que as c?lulas dendr?ticas tratadas com rapamicina durante a infec??o com VSR prejudica a diferencia??o de c?lulas T CD8.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-10-30T10:52:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 475957 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1765051 bytes, checksum: d50405a18587ae97ec45079b34e7561b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-30T10:52:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 475957 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1765051 bytes, checksum: d50405a18587ae97ec45079b34e7561b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-30 / INTRODUCTION: One of the main postoperative complications of kidney transplant is delayed graft function (DGF), which means absence of graft function after transplant or the need for dialysis during the first week post procedure. The occurrence of DGF currently in our hospital is high and has been attributed to a combination of many factors. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the factors associated to DGF and their influence in the outcome of kidney transplants. METHODS: historical cohort of 150 patients transplanted with live or deceased donor kidneys from 2011 to 2013. RESULTS: DGF was associated to time in dialysis and the number of recipient pre-transplant transfusions, donors age, serum creatinine level, use of vasoactive drugs in the donor, distance from place of organ retrieval and transplant center, and duration of cold ischemia time. DGF influenced post-transplantation outcome in regard to length of stay in intensive care, length of hospital stay, acute rejection episodes, and higher creatinine levels at discharge. Patients and graft survival were shorter in the DGF group. CONCLUSION: There are multiple factors related to DGF, the most important being those related to donors, and organ storage. The most important factor related to the recipient was the dialysis vintage. We did not find a correlation between DGF and HLA-compatibility. DGF consequences are important, including worse graft function and survival, as well as impact in recipient morbidity and mortality. / INTRODU??O: Uma das principais complica??es do p?s-operat?rio de transplante de rim ? a disfun??o precoce do enxerto (DPE) que significa a aus?ncia de fun??o do enxerto ap?s o transplante ou a necessidade de di?lise na primeira semana ap?s o procedimento. A ocorr?ncia de DPE em nosso Hospital, atualmente, ? elevada e tem sido atribu?da ao longo dos anos ? combina??o de diversos fatores. M?TODOS: coorte hist?rica com 150 pacientes transplantados de rim de doador vivo ou falecido de 2011-2013. OBJETIVOS: verificar os fatores associados ? DPE e a sua influ?ncia na evolu??o do transplante de rim. RESULTADOS: DPE foi associada com o tempo de di?lise e o n?mero de transfus?es realizadas pelo receptor no pr?-transplante, idade, valor da creatinina e utiliza??o de drogas vasoativas pelo doador, dist?ncia do ?rg?o doado e tempo de isquemia fria. Os valores de creatinina e pot?ssio no p?s-operat?rio, assim como o volume urin?rio foram determinantes para a realiza??o de di?lise ap?s o transplante. DPE influenciou na evolu??o do transplante em maior tempo de interna??o na UTI e no tempo de interna??o, epis?dios de rejei??o aguda e maior n?vel de creatinina no momento da alta hospitalar. A sobrevida do enxerto e do paciente foi menor no grupo de pacientes que apresentou DPE. CONCLUS?O: V?rios s?o os fatores relacionados ? DPE, em especial os relacionados aos doadores e com a preserva??o do ?rg?o. O principal fator atrelado ao receptor foi o tempo de di?lise. N?o encontramos rela??o na ocorr?ncia de DPE com a compatibilidade HLA. As consequ?ncias da DPE s?o importantes incluindo pior fun??o e sobrevida do enxerto, e tamb?m o impacto na morbidade e da mortalidade dos receptores.