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I den här kandidatuppsatsen har vi undersökt om korslimmat massivträs brandegenskaper kan förbättrats med rätt sorts lim och med användandet av skyddsskivor. Det senaste årtiondet har byggbranschen blivit mer miljömedvetna och viljan att bygga miljö- och klimatsmart har ökat, detta har medfört ett ökat användande av olika typer av trämaterial. Korslimmat massivträ har utvecklats som ett resultat av detta. Eftersom det är ett nytt byggnadsmaterial finns det mycket forskning kvar att göra, vilket intresserade oss. För att få svar på våra frågor har vi gjort en litteraturstudie för att inhämta kunskap och resultat från tidigare rapporter och artiklar som finns i ämnet. Det vi har kunnat se är att så länge som de individuella lagrena i det korslimmade massivträet inte lossnar ifrån varandra har det i princip samma brandegenskaper som homogent massivträ. Men så fort som det lossnar ifrån varandra stiger förkolningstakten och brandegenskaperna försämras. Det går att förhindra och begränsa dessa försämringar med rätt val av lim och skyddsskivor.  Detta är fördjupningsdelen i ett arbete som också innefattar projektering och dimensionering av ett småhus.

This thesis titled New-build Firm Property is going to deal with the building proposal of the administrative building – i.e. firm property - and its detailed construction documentation. The building is going to be a wooden structure, located on a specific site with its foundation already being dealt with. Theoretical part of the thesis focuses on the selected construction method, its features, and the construction process. The administrative building itself will include two possible layout variations which will be compared against each other. The most suitable variation is going to be selected and developed further in the drawing part of the thesis. Drawing part is divided into a written part - accompanying report and technical summary report – and drawing part, including the following: coordination state consisting of foundation construction, foundation ground plan, floor ground plan, sectional view, angles, documented construction of all sections, documentation of materials used, and five details concerning subsequent design solutions. The conclusion of the thesis aims at the summary of the topic discussed, its evaluation, and works cited.

In the final thesis is solved design of a building for a dancing school. The building is designed from solid wood panels CLT with a diffusion-open system and the building envelope is in passive house standart. Design is subject valids standarts and meets requirements of the investor. Part of the final thesis is drawings with technical description of the building and thermal assessment of the building envelope. Also, in the final thesis is solved fire safety requirements, which is with drawing and fire safety report.

The building sector was in 2018 responsible almost 40% of Sweden’s domestic greenhouse gas emissions. These numbers demands a lot from our profession and has made the topic of sustainability essential.In the Brundtland Reports definition of sustainability it’s called for  ”Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”. Within these words, sustainability could be defined as that what lasts.
The project Spatial Sustainability aims to explore the architecture that lasts, based on the conclusion that this demands balance between the contradicting terms adaptability and stability. 
I believe that the architecture that’s both adaptable and stable should be, re-usable and capable of being re-organised, but it should also have a strong physical presence in it’s urban situation. In the intersection of this contradiction I hope to find one path leading to long-lasting architecture.

The project investigates an aesthetic of assembly. It established a visual expression though exploring the relationship between disassembly and assembly in the context of laminated timbers. These explorations are manifested in a learning institution in relationship to an existing CLT factor in Långshyttan. The project becomes a dynamic celebration of assembly and a continuous learning environment as the building continues to disassemble and reassemble to counter the obsolescent of new technological inventions in a rapidly developing industry driven by industrialization and technological determination.  The new building feeds of the factory for purely disassembled parts in terms of discarded waste and a pure form of assembly in terms of unprocessed CLT blanks. The production of industrial produced mass timber elements has further moved the production of buildings into factories and the erection of buildings at site consist primarily of an assembly of  predesigned parts. Architectural advancements is inseparable from technological paradigms and the production of construction timber should carry with it new architectural expressions.

Although living in the city can provide many benefits, it also provides many issues as well. Housing costs are constantly increasing, both physical and mental spaces are sacrificed, and our innate connection to nature is severed. These produce profoundly damaging effects on the human psyche and cause people to migrate from the urban to the suburban and rural areas. The solution is to design more efficient urban buildings that can actively adapt to its inhabitants' programmatic needs and utilizes wood, specifically cross-laminated timber, as its main material to reconnect with nature. / Master of Architecture

The compressive strength perpendicular to grain of cross laminated timber (CLT) was studied experimentally. The problem was also theoretically analyzed and a finite element model was created and solved using a commercial finite element software package. The experiments were carried out with three layer CLT specimens of dimensions 200x200x120 mm and 300x300x120 mm. In some of the experiments a contact free deformation measurement system was used to analyze the strain field during loading. Different ways to apply the load were used: over the whole surface of the specimens and by a 50 mm wide steel bar. The position of the steel bar in relation to the specimen edge and its orientation relative the surface grain direction was varied. It was found that the compression strength of the cross laminated timber depended on the way in which the load was applied. The compression strength perpendicular to grain was found vary from 2.9 N/mm2 for specimens loaded by a line load at the edge of the specimen and parallel to the surface grain direction to 5.8 N/mm2 for specimens loaded by a line load at the specimen centre and perpendicular to the surface fiber direction. / Tryckhållfastheten vinkelrät fiberriktningen i korslimmade massivträskivor (CLT) bestämdes experimentellt. Även teoretiska studier genomfördes med hjälp av ett kommersiellt finita elementprogram. Provningarna genomfördes på treskiktsskivor med måtten 200x200x120 mm samt 300x300x120 mm. I vissa av försöken användes dessutom ett mätsystem för beröringsfri deformationsmätning för att bestämma töjningsfälten. Olika sätt att belasta provbitarna undersöktes: genom att belasta hela provytan eller genom att belasta provet med en 50 mm bred stålstav. Stålstavens läge i förhållande till provbitens kant och dess orientering i förhållande till ytskiktets fiberriktning varierades. De experimentella resultaten visade att hållfastheten beror på hur provbitarna belastas. Tryckhållfastheten varierade mellan 2.9 N/mm2 för fallet med en linjelast vid provbitens kant och orienterad parallellt med ytskiktets fiberriktning och 5.8 N/mm2 för fallet med en linjelast mitt på provbiten och orienterad vinkelrät mot ytskiktets fiberriktning.

<p> </p><p>The compressive strength perpendicular to grain of cross laminated timber (CLT) was studied experimentally. The problem was also theoretically analyzed and a finite element model was created and solved using a commercial finite element software package. The experiments were carried out with three layer CLT specimens of dimensions 200x200x120 mm and 300x300x120 mm. In some of the experiments a contact free deformation measurement system was used to analyze the strain field during loading. Different ways to apply the load were used: over the whole surface of the specimens and by a 50 mm wide steel bar. The position of the steel bar in relation to the specimen edge and its orientation relative the surface grain direction was varied. It was found that the compression strength of the cross laminated timber depended on the way in which the load was applied. The compression strength perpendicular to grain was found vary from 2.9 N/mm² for specimens loaded by a line load at the edge of the specimen and parallel to the surface grain direction to 5.8 N/mm² for specimens loaded by a line load at the specimen centre and perpendicular to the surface fiber direction.</p><p><strong> </strong></p> / <p> </p><p>Tryckhållfastheten vinkelrät fiberriktningen i korslimmade massivträskivor (CLT) bestämdes experimentellt. Även teoretiska studier genomfördes med hjälp av ett kommersiellt finita elementprogram. Provningarna genomfördes på treskiktsskivor med måtten 200x200x120 mm samt 300x300x120 mm. I vissa av försöken användes dessutom ett mätsystem för beröringsfri deformationsmätning för att bestämma töjningsfälten. Olika sätt att belasta provbitarna undersöktes: genom att belasta hela provytan eller genom att belasta provet med en 50 mm bred stålstav. Stålstavens läge i förhållande till provbitens kant och dess orientering i förhållande till ytskiktets fiberriktning varierades. De experimentella resultaten visade att hållfastheten beror på hur provbitarna belastas. Tryckhållfastheten varierade mellan 2.9 N/mm² för fallet med en linjelast vid provbitens kant och orienterad parallellt med ytskiktets fiberriktning och 5.8 N/mm² för fallet med en linjelast mitt på provbiten och orienterad vinkelrät mot ytskiktets fiberriktning.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>

Based on Construal Level Theory (Trope &amp; Liberman, 2010), the present study examines the impact of temporal distance on moral concern. A manipulation on individuals’ mind-set has been made in to abstract (High level) versus concrete (Low level) mentality to inspect the ability to effect peoples’ moral concern. Our first hypothesis is that future-oriented people should show more moral concern than present-oriented individuals. Present-oriented people should, however, after an abstract manipulation show a higher moral concern, correspondent with future-oriented individual’s moral concern. 176 undergraduates from a Swedish university participated in the study. The respondents were asked to answer a questionnaire, and a scale was used to measure the individual temporal perspective (Consideration of Future Consequences scale, CFC) and then a manipulation was made. Half of the participants were allotted an abstract (high level) manipulation, and the other half were given a concrete (low level) manipulation. The manipulation was followed by a questionnaire that measured the moral concern, in the form of blame, attributed to morally questionable actions. We found a positive correlation between temporal focus and moral concern. The manipulation however showed no effect of abstraction on peoples’ moral concern. Nor did a two-way between subjects ANOVA show a significant interaction between temporal perspective and abstraction, providing no support for our second and third hypotheses. An environmental impact on the respondents is discussed as a possible reason for the results not being fully consistent with previous studies. For future research we suggest similar longitudinal studies, which would supply researchers with the opportunity to study the long-term effect on different types of moral.