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This master´s thesis deals with design of small CNC milling machines and comparing CNC tabletop milling machines in the world market. It is also done design of small CNC milling machine through the use of contemporary and modern trends, used in design of machine tools.

This thesis deals with the structural design of small model CNC milling machines. The work includes research modeller CNC milling machines available primarily on the Czech market, on whose basis are then selected the appropriate parameters for machine design. The thesis contains further structural calculations, selection of appropriate components, production drawings and 3D model that shows the final solution of constructed facility.

Materials which are both lighter and stronger have faced an increased demand over the past decades to fulfil the requirements across a range of industrial applications. More specifically, demands for titanium alloys have increased significantly due to its high strength to weight ratio which is particularly attractive for increasing fuel efficiency in aircrafts and cars and is also used in biomedical implants. Despite the increasing demand for titanium made products, machining titanium alloys remains a significant challenge. High material strength and hardness lead to excessive heat generation at the cutting zone which accumulates and results in high cutting temperatures due to the poor thermal conductivity. The high cutting temperatures together with inherent material properties of titanium are responsible for short tool life and poor surface finish. Despite the environmental and health drawbacks, a generous amount of cutting fluids is commonly used to control the cutting temperature in machining titanium alloys. However, conventional cutting fluids evaporate at high cutting temperatures which isolate the cutting zone by forming a vapour cushion resulting in further increases in cutting temperatures. This research investigates the effects of cryogenic cooling on machinability of Ti-6Al-4V alloy in CNC milling as compared to conventional dry and wet machining environments. Two literature reviews were conducted and a methodology has been developed and implemented consisting of three experimental stages of i) design and manufacture of a cryogenic cooling system, ii) comparative study of cryogenic cooling with dry and wet machining and iii) optimisation of cutting parameters for cryogenic machining. The major contribution of this research can be summarised as design, realisation and assessment of a novel cryogenic cooling system for CNC milling, termed cryogenic shower, which is retrofitable to an existing CNC machining centre. In addition, the research provides a thorough study on the effects of cryogenic cooling on machinability of Ti-6Al-4V alloy in comparison with dry and wet machining. The studies range from power consumption and tool wear through to surface topography and surface integrity. Furthermore, the optimum cutting parameters for cryogenic machining are identified. The research demonstrates that using the cryogenic shower has significantly improved machinability of Ti-6Al-4V through realisation of higher material removal rates, reduced tool wear and improved surface finish, surface topography and surface integrity.

The prevalence of digital manufacturing in creating increasingly complex products with small batch sizes, requires effective methods for production process planning. Toolpath generation is one of the challenges for manufacturing technologies that function based on the controlled movement of an end effector against a workpiece. The current approaches for determining suitable tool paths are highly dependent on machine structure, manufacturing technology and product geometry. This dependence can be very expensive in a volatile production environment where the products and the resources change quickly. In this research, a novel approach for the flexible generation of toolpaths using a mathematical formulation of the desired objective is proposed. The approach, based on optimisation techniques, is developed by discretising the product space into a number of grid points and determining the optimal sequence of the tool tip visiting these points. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach, the context of milling machining has been chosen and a genetic algorithm has been developed to solve the optimisation problem. The results show that with meta-heuristic methods, flexible tool paths can indeed be generated for industrially relevant parts using existing computational power. Future computing platforms, including quantum computers, could extend the applicability of the proposed approach to much more complex domains for instantaneous optimisation of the detailed manufacturing process plan.

Malongen consists of two volumes containing housing, a gallery, and a restaurant. The design language of the base comes from a 3D scan of the rock 30 meters north of the plot. The buildings are a design interaction to explore the tension between the historical mountain cut and a design interaction. With a digital imitation of the rock the buildings intend to mimic the surrounding area. The rock, that is the historical imprint of the place, is now translated into buildingelements, as a result of my manipulation of the file. This project has investigated how we can create a contemporary buidling that refer to a historical site and keep telling a story about time.

<p> The purpose of this project was to develop an Adaptive Control Algorithm for a CNC milling machine. The milling machine is controlled by a 2100A Hewlett Packard mini-computer. The Adaptive Control Software has to operate in unison with an already available Numerical Control Software. Both these programmes are stored in the computer and the computer operates on them with the aid of the interrupt pulses received from the Time Base Generator located in the Controller.</p> <p> The Adaptive Control Software should be capable of optimising the milling process, that is enabling the milling machine to operate at the highest feed-rate without violating or overriding the maximum permissible values of the horizontal force and torque acting on the cutter. These maximum values of the force and torque are determined from the tool strength and capacities of the servo drives and spindle motor. Further, the machine should be able to arrive at the above feed-rate in the shortest possible time interval without causing cyclic variations in the feed-rate which could lead to an unstable system. The programme should be able to obtain ten samples of the parameters per revolution of the spindle. The feed-rate thus obtained (after comparing with the maximum and minimum feed-rates of the machine and making any corrections, if necessary) should be stored in a memory location accessible to the Numerical Control Programme. The instantaneous values of the force and torque are transmitted to the computer via the transducers attached on the spindle of the machine and the Analog-to-Digital Processor, therefore, the Adaptive Control Software will have to communicate with the Analog-to-Digital Processor in order to receive the values of the forces and torque. Thus the above mentioned requirements will have to be met by this piece of software. With this end in view, the following algorithm was developed.</p> <p> The algorithm consists of two portions, namely, the Data Reading Routine and the Policy Routine. The former accepts the two horizontal forces (which are phase shifted by 90°) and the torque acting on the cutter by communicating with the Analog-to-Digital Processor. However, all these three parameters are received through the same channel from the Analog-to-Digital Processor as such a method of identifying the variables was necessary. For this purpose, the Data Reading Routine consists of software capable of communicating with the Analog-to-Digital Processor at time intervals of 10 m.sec. and receiving the data in a digital form, decoding the input and ascertaining which input parameter was received. The Policy Routine has two modes of operation viz., the constraint and optimizing modes. This routine ascertains the critical error and arrives at the new feed-rate depending on the Policy used. After checking the value of this feed-rate with the maximum and minimum feed-rates available on the machine (and corrections made if necessary), the suitable value of this feed-rate is stored in a memory location accessible to the Numerical Control programme. This gives the general structure of the Adaptive Control Algorithm developed in this project.</p> / Thesis / Master of Engineering (MEngr)

The goal of the thesis is to design a modeling CNC milling machine for machining of aluminum alloys including necessary calculations and drawing documentation. In the first part there is defined a CNC milling machine and there is a search in the area of small CNC milling machines that are present on the market. In the second part is the design including the computational documentation.

The master's thesis deals with the basic parts and principles of CNC machines with a focus on a CNC milling machine. There are also comparisons of several CNC machines sold. Furthermore, the project deals with the description of the manipulator, which is situated in laboratory E-132 in area Kolejní 4, Brno. The work also includes a description of the device, which is located in the manipulator model. We can find there a description of the program generating G-code from the image that you create in the editor. The next section describes possible modifications of the manipulator for its reconstruction on a CNC milling machine. The last chapter deals with the description of program developed for controlling the manipulator as a CNC milling machine.

This diploma thesis deals with a technology of production milling of sample component “ending of generator shaft” by CNC milling in environment of small company. At first common aspects of CNC machines, technology of CNC milling and technology of construction are introduced. Possible problems with milling of sample component are analyzed and their possible solutions are presented. Next technology of CNC milling with operating program for CNC lathe (HAAS SL20) and CNC milling machine (HAAS VF3), production of component in small company with necessary documentation in technology procedure are projected. Using of operating systems HAAS, Fanuc and HEIDEHAIN are compared. Using of cutting tools and cutting condition for component milling is projected. Finally timing of operations and financial calculations necessary for small production of sample component is proposed.