Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:15:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Patricia Alcala.pdf: 5355215 bytes, checksum: 6eba9d81a6b15cd1588a1b29ee062d90 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The research analyzes the precepts applied to a sustainable development in priority area for biodiversity conservation on account of its location. This means the Paulista Coastal Zone, registered as a National Heritage by the Brazilian constitution of 1988, covering the "Restinga", an ecosystem associated with the Atlantic Forest biome. Based on the concept of mosaic conservation with occupation, it interested bringing to light a case of study, the Acaraú Farm Project, located in Bertioga. The challenge of this project is the application of a development socially inclusive, environmentally sustainable and economically viable. The criteria for analysis of this case of study were: integrated application of legislation and scientific knowledge of geographic space with the use of reduced environmental resources. This discussion is necessary in order that the concept of sustainable development still presents an abstract appearance / A pesquisa analisa os preceitos aplicados para o desenvolvimento sustentável em área prioritária para conservação da biodiversidade em razão de sua localização. Trata-se da Zona Costeira Paulista, inscrita como Patrimônio Nacional pela Constituição Federal de 1988, que abriga a Restinga , ecossistema associado ao Bioma Mata Atlântica. Interessou trazer à tona um estudo de caso, o Projeto Fazenda Acaraú, localizado no município de Bertioga, com base no conceito de mosaico de conservação com ocupação. O desafio do projeto consiste na aplicação do desenvolvimento socialmente includente, ambientalmente sustentável e economicamente viável. Os critérios para análise desse estudo de caso foram: aplicação integrada da legislação e conhecimento científico do espaço geográfico com redução da utilização dos recursos ambientais. Tal discussão se faz necessária tendo em vista o conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável ainda apresentar uma aparência abstrata

Submitted by Jean Medeiros (jeanletras@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-03-14T13:12:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Rafaela Maria Serra de Brito.pdf: 1376595 bytes, checksum: 73370a8009258c89543baa86ea84334b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Secta BC (secta.csu.bc@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-03-14T18:22:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Rafaela Maria Serra de Brito.pdf: 1376595 bytes, checksum: 73370a8009258c89543baa86ea84334b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-14T18:22:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Rafaela Maria Serra de Brito.pdf: 1376595 bytes, checksum: 73370a8009258c89543baa86ea84334b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The populations ofelasmobranchsare especially susceptibleto overexploitationdue to the continuedexploitation offish stocks, to anthropogenicactivitiesoncoastal and marine environments, to theirk-strategists characteristicsand the lack ofcontrol of theirtotal landings, mainly from theartisanal fleet. In this scenario, it shows the necessity of develop new management techniques of fishing resources that take into account the local ecological knowledge (LEK) of all those involved in this activity.The present studyaimed tounderstand theLEK aboutthe fishing activitiesofelasmobranch inthe city of Raposa-MA,within a perspectiveof building aco-management. Thus,54artisanal fishermenwere interviewedthroughfreeinterviews andsemi-structured forms,with a mean ageof44.9 years, more than half (51.85%) withincompleteelementary schooland64.81% exclusivedependent on fishingfortheirmonthly income. Theelasmobranchscaptureoccursaccidentallyby three types ofvessels (boat, ―biana‖and ―MAR‖)usinggill netstargetedto bonespecies ofhigher value. Theconservationistattitude indicatordisplays thelowintention ofconservation of thesestocksby fishermen. Through the CEL of artisanal fishers were described 45 generic folks, with the determination of 7 monotypic and 17 polytypic, of which 25 scientific species were identified through the description of fishermen and research in the scientific literature, and five of these are listed as endangered in level national or global. On the influenceof abioticfactors infishing activity, fishermen listedseveralnames to describethe lunar phasesbut did not determinethe most suitablefor fishing,and consideredunfavorablestrong windsand high temperatures,commonin the dry season, especially starting in August.That way, this study exposes theCELof local fishermenand gapsofknowledgeon the dynamicsand conservation ofelasmobranchsin the region. / As populações de elasmobrânquios são especialmente suscetíveis à sobre-exploração devido àexploração contínua dos estoques pesqueiros, às atividades antropogênicas em ambientes costeiros e marinhos, às suas características k-estrategistas e à falta de controle de seus desembarques totais, principalmente, da frota artesanal.Neste cenário, mostra-se necessárioo desenvolvimento de novas técnicas de manejo dos recursos pesqueiros que levem em consideração o conhecimento ecológico local (CEL) de todos os envolvidos nessa atividade. O presente estudoteve o objetivo de compreender o CEL sobre as atividades pesqueiras dos elasmobrânquios no Município de Raposa – MA, dentro de uma perspectiva de construção de uma gestão compartilhada. Assim, foram entrevistados 54 pescadores artesanais através de entrevistas livre e formulários semiestruturados, com média de idade de 44,9 anos, mais da metade (51,85%) com ensino fundamental I incompleto e 64,81% dependentes exclusivos da pesca para sua renda mensal. A captura de elasmobrânquios ocorre de forma acidental por três tipos de embarcações (o barco, a biana e a MAR) com a utilização de redes de emalhar direcionadas às espécies ósseas de maior valor comercial. O indicador de atitude conservacionista exibe a baixa intenção de conservação destes estoques pelos pescadores. Através do CEL dos pescadores artesanais foram descritos 45 genéricos folks,com a determinação de 7 monotípicos e 17 politípicos, dos quais 25 espécies científicas foram identificadas através da descrição dos pescadores e de pesquisas na literatura científica, destas cinco estão listadas como ameaçadas de extinção em nível nacional ou global. Sobre a influência dos fatores abióticos na atividade pesqueira, os pescadores listaram diversos nomes para descrever as fases lunares, mas não determinaram as mais adequadas para a pesca, e consideraram desfavoráveis os ventos fortes e temperaturas altas, comuns no período de estiagem, especialmente, a partir de agosto. Dessa forma, o presente estudo expõe o CEL dos pescadores locais e as lacunas desse conhecimento sobre a dinâmica e a conservação dos elasmobrânquios na região.

Este trabalho objetivou a quantificação da serapilheira produzida nas florestas de mangue e a análise da sua relação com fatores ambientais na baía de Guanabara. A produção total média bianual variou entre 4,7 e 22,8 t.ha-1.ano-1, com média de 13,4 (± 3,79) t.ha-1.ano-1 em vinte quatro estações distribuídas no estuário. Na baía a salinidade da água intersticial nas estações demonstrou uma relação inversamente proporcional com a produção. A produção da folha abrangeu, em média, 60% da queda total de serapilheira, seguido por propágulos (18,7%) e galhos (13%). As variações temporais foram sazonais, com diferença estatistica significativa entre os meses de maior (verão) e menor (inverno) produção. Os anos de amostragem também apresentaram grandes diferenças na produção de serapilheira, ligada a queda de propágulos, particularmente de Rhizophora mangle, responsáveis em muitos casos pelos picos encontrados. As variáveis estruturais definiram importantes relações nas transversais, com regressão negativa entre a densidade e uma positiva para o DAP médio e a produção de serapilheira. Obteve-se uma correlação positiva entre a variação da produção e a temperatura média do ar, mas com coeficientes baixos. Ao final do estudo foi possível atestar a elevada importância dos manguezais como produtores de detritos na baía realçando seu importante papel dentro do estuário. / This work objectified the quantification of litterfall produced in mangrove forests and the analysis of its relation with environmental factors in Guanabara bay. The biannual average total production varied between 4,7 and 22,8 t.ha-1.year-1, with an average of 13,4 (± 3,79) t.ha-1.year-1 in twenty four stations distributed in the estuary. In this bay, the salinity of interstitial water demonstrated an inversely proportional relation with production. Leaf production comprised, on average, 60% of total litter fall followed by propagule (18,7%) and wood (13%). The temporal variation was seasonal with a maximum in the summer season and minimum in the winter season. The two years of sampling also showed great differences in litterfall production that were linked to the fall of propagules, particularly of Rhizophora mangle, responsible in many cases for the formation of peaks. Structural variables defined important relations for the transects, with negative regression between density and positive for DBH and litterfall production. Litter production was highly variable and negatively correlated with air temperature. In the end of this study, it was possible to attest the importance of mangrove forests as producers of litter in the bay, enhancing its important role for the estuary.

Title from screen page; viewed 10 Dec. 2004. Includes bibliographical references. Electronic publication; full text available in PDF format; abstract in HTML format. xvi, 314 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm.

Le but général de ce travail fut de quantifier la silice biogène (BSiO2) dans les sédiments du continuum de l'Escaut (estuaire – zone côtière), ainsi que son taux de recyclage - rétention. Le coefficient de diffusion moléculaire de la DSi a été déterminé pour différentes valeurs de température et deux salinités et une relation empirique reliant le coefficient de diffusion à la température et à la viscosité de la solution a été établie. La distribution longitudinale de la BSiO2 dans les sédiments de surface, ainsi que les profils verticaux de BSiO2 et de silice dissoute ont été déterminés durant différentes saisons en 2004 et 2005. Les flux de DSi ont été également estimés via des expériences d’incubations et par modélisation des profiles verticaux de DSi. Des expériences de dissolution des sédiments ont permis de déterminer (via modélisation) les constantes cinétiques de vitesse de la BSiO2 et une première évaluation du taux de recyclage de la BSiO2 (5 – 70%). Sur base des calculs à partir des profiles de DSi dans l’eau interstitielle, le taux de recyclage de la BSiO2 varie entre 8 et 92% dans l’estuaire, ce qui correspond à une rétention moyenne de la BSiO2 supérieure à 60%, et souligne ainsi l'efficacité du filtre estuarien par rapport à la silice. En revanche, le recyclage de BSiO2 dans la zone côtière apparaît comme très intensif, avec des valeurs souvent supérieures à 40%. Ces résultats montrent l'importance d'inclure les estuaires dans le calcul des budgets globaux de Si. / The general objective of this study was to quantify the BSiO2 in the sediments of the Scheldt continuum, together with its recycling and retention in this area. First an empirical relation linking the diffusion coefficient of DSi to temperature and salinity was determined, via diffusion experiments. The longitudinal BSiO2 distribution in surface sediments and the vertical BSiO2 and DSi profiles in sediment cores where then measured during 2 years and different seasons, together with other parameters characterizing pore waters, such as alkalinity, pH, sulphate… DSi fluxes were also estimated either directly through whole core incubations measurements or via modelling of interstitial water profiles. BSiO2 dissolution experiments allowed the evaluation of the kinetic rate constants also through modelling of the results, and gave preliminary information over the BSiO2 recycling rates (5 – 70%). The recycling rate as obtained from pore water profiles vary between 8 and 92%, with an average value of about 32%, which highlights the importance of the estuarine filter for silica. Recycling is much more intense in the coastal area, with values up to 40%, which we explain by higher salinity and higher sediment permeability. The different experiments and results also indicated that secondary mineral precipitation might be and important process affecting BSiO2 in the Scheldt sediments.

Port of Kaohsiung is the most important harbor of southern Taiwan and it was once the third biggest cargo harbor in the world. Recently, the ranking of Port of Kaohsiung dropped from the 3rd to the 13th, thus the Central Government of Taiwan has introduced a plan to enhance the situations. ¡§Urban Renewal Project of Kaohsiung Port Railway Station,¡¨ involves the development planning of many sites and the waterfront regeneration along the Kaohsiung Harbor. This paper argues that the sustainability is the key of success of the project. This paper will (1) to discuss the gains from the economic developments, (2) to examine the details and discuss the coming challenges and potential obstacles in pursuing greater socio-economic goodness, and (3) outline the possible solutions, practices, and mechanisms which might be useful in attaining a sustainable development of Kaohsiung Harbor by studying other countries¡¦ success and failures in their waterfront redevelopment projects.

Climate change and anticipated impacts of sea level rise such as increased coastal erosion, inundation, flooding due to storm surges and salt water intrusion to freshwater resources will affect all the countries but mostly small island countries of oceans and low-lying lands along coastlines. Turkey having 8333 km of coastline including physically, ecologically and socio-economically important low-lying deltas should also prepare for the impacts of sea level rise as well as other impacts of climate change while participating in adaptation and mitigation efforts. Thus, a coastal vulnerability assessment of Turkey to sea level rise is needed both as a part of coastal zone management policies for sustainable development and as a guideline for resource allocation for preparation of adaptation options for upcoming problems due to sea level rise. In this study, a fuzzy coastal vulnerability assessment model (FCVI) of a region to sea level rise using physical and human activity indicators of impacts of sea level rise which use commonly available data are developed. The results enable decision makers to compare and rank different regions according to their vulnerabilities to sea level rise, to prioritize impacts of sea level rise on the region according to the vulnerability of the region to each impact and to determine the most vulnerable parameters for planning of adaptation measures to sea level rise. The sensitivity and uncertainty analysis performed for the results of the model (FCVI) is the first time application of a fuzzy uncertainty analysis model to coastal vulnerability assessments. These analysis ensure that the decision makers could be able to interpret the results of such vulnerability assessments based primarily on expert perceptions accurately enough. This in turn, would increase the confidence levels of adaptation measures and as well as accelerate implementation of adaptation of coastal areas to climate change. The developed coastal vulnerability assessment model is applied successfully to determine the vulnerability of G&ouml / ksu, G&ouml / cek and Amasra regions of Turkey that have different geological, ecological and socio-economical properties. The results of the site studies show that G&ouml / ksu has high vulnerability, G&ouml / cek has moderate vulnerability and Amasra shows low vulnerability to sea level rise. These results are in accordance with the general literature on impacts of sea level rise at different geomorphological coastal areas thus the applicability of fuzzy vulnerability assessment model (FCVI) to coastal areas is validated.

Tourism is acquiring the attention worldwide especially in the developing countries (Akpabio et al. 2006). In the case of coastal areas, tourism is more sensitive to environmental degradation compared to other economic activities because the environment is its primary resource. With the help of efficient planning and proper management of natural resources, tourism can significantly contribute to environmental conservation and to achieve environmental sustainability in coastal areas (Orhon et al. 2011). The main purposes of this study are to explore the tourism development trend in coastal areas of Cox’s Bazar, to analyse existing environmental conditions of Cox’s Bazar coastal area, to examine the importance of environmental sustainability at coastal region. More positively, the study shows environmental sustainability can be achieved through more eco-friendly planning of installations in tourism hubs like Cox’s Bazar. The main methods of conducting this study were desktop research; data collection through questionnaire survey and expert interview; data input in SPSS, processing and analysis; evaluation of policies, strategies and institutional framework. To formulate study goal and objectives, a comprehensive literature review has been conducted to understand about tourism, tourism development, sustainability, sustainable development by reviewing relevant reports, journals, and international cases which has helped to develop the conceptual framework of the study. After extensive literature review and formulation of goal and objectives, the conceptual framework of the study data collection instruments such as questionnaire has been prepared to collect data from the field. The study is largely based on the primary data collected through field visit, interviews to the experts on tourism and environment, and questionnaire survey at the study area, Cox’s Bazar. In this study, the statistical data on the study area has been collected from Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS). Apart from this, information has also been collected from various sources e.g. journals, projects, periodicals, and the daily newspapers, archives of both home and abroad. From the analysis, it found that Cox’s Bazar sea beach is a good place for tourism development, and it is also found that the level of tourism is improving gradually. Tourism in Cox’s Bazar mainly depends on natural beauty and environment of the coastal area. Tourism is producing long term negative effects on the coastal environment. If the environmental systems degrade tourism will not sustain any more. However, tourism can provide incentive for the conservation and restoration of the natural environment. Nearly half of the respondents stated that because of tourism, natural environment is in better condition in Cox’s Bazar and tourism provides incentive for the conservation and restoration of the natural environment. The analysis also identifies that policies and strategies play a big role to the conservation of natural environment and resources, and the implementation of principles of sustainable development. Government of Bangladesh (GoB) has been formulated some policies and strategies related to tourism development, sustainable development and coastal zone management, but most of the policies and strategies are not implemented properly because of institutional conflicts. In the light of the data analysis, discussion and findings, some recommendations are suggested here to help and guide future decisions regarding tourism development, conservation of the environment, sustainable development and sustainability at coastal areas in Bangladesh. / published_or_final_version / Urban Planning and Design / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

The Port of Durban is a resource utilised by a wide range of stakeholders. The water quality of this resource is a prerequisite for sustaining the preferred uses of the bay for future generations. Given the extent of development in the port the abundance of fauna and flora is remarkable. Based on the current literature available the management of the port uses a combination of international and local standards to manage the water resource. An associated problem however is that the local legislation does not address the heart of the pollution problem - the polluter. This is highlighted in all chapters of this thesis, as the South African water quality guidelines are not legally enforceable, and do not take into account the combined use of resources. The uncontrolled nutrient loads and pollution present in the port system could ultimately affect the ecosystem health. This is amplified by apparent inability of officials to protect the receiving environment of the Port of Durban. The subsequent condition of water quality in the port compared with the Department of Water Affairs guidelines indicates that there is less than 5% compliance with the target water quality variables. in comparing the same water quality to international water quality Legislation the compliance percentage increased marginally, however the bacterial contamination and nutrient contamination of the resource is apparent even with more relaxed international comparisons. The noticeable cause was clearly evident when comparing results, indicating extensive unacceptable bacterial and nutrient contamination emanating from stormwater systems from the city of Durban, and highly urbanised river catchments. Based on the water quality results it is highly recommended that sustainable environmental management practices be implemented to protect and address the water resource. The metropolitan authorities need to investigate the origins of the stormwater pollution and dialogue must ensue between Portnet and the City to reach consensus on receiving water quality objectives with the aim of compiling a water management policy. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2001.

A mass balance approach was used in an attempt to quantify nutrient flux to the nearshore at the West Coast, Barbados, W.I. Total nitrogen and total phosphorus levels of the groundwater at inland pumping stations and above beach margins, as well as in the water of the nearshore zone and approximately 2 km offshore, were obtained. Nearshore groundwater seepage rates and salinity data were also taken. This study attempted to use this raw data to estimate flushing rates, nutrient loading rates, and nutrient loss rates, to ultimately create a picture of the fate of nutrients as they travel in groundwater into the nearshore zone. Annual loading for the entire West Coast was calculated at 1.46 x 105 kg NO3---N for nitrogen and 1.19 x 103 kg PO4 3---P for phosphorus. Mean nutrient levels in groundwater above the beach margin were estimated at 969.83 muM for nitrogen and 3.63 muM for phosphorus. For nitrogen and phosphorus respectively, these levels were twice and three times higher than at the pumping stations farther inland; and there was also a fourfold and fivefold drop in nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively, in the nearshore zone relative to this groundwater above the beach margin. This indicated that the dense coastal population at the West Coast was adding significant amounts of nutrient to groundwater after it had left the inland pumping stations. There were no patterns of gradation in nutrient concentrations detected within the immediate nearshore, making completion of an accurate mass balance impossible, though indicating that there was significant advection of submarine groundwater offshore, beyond the study zone. This may contribute to the poor health of West Coast reefs, where sewage and fertiliser leaching and runoff are suspected as the primary sources for nutrient input to submarine groundwater to the south and northern parts of the West Coast, respectively.