As zonas costeiras estão em constante processo de pressão, tanto pela ação humana, que acaba rompendo o equilíbrio dominante, como pela ação da natureza, que está ligada principalmente a fatores geológicos, fatores climáticos e à dinâmica costeira. Neste trabalho buscou-se analisar a evolução do processo de ocupação urbana na faixa oceânica no município de Santa Vitória do Palmar, nos balneários do Hermenegildo e da Barra do Chuí, devido ao fato de esse local apresentar problemas em seu processo de urbanização, que se configuram pela falta de planejamento e de ordenamento territorial. Para essa análise, utilizou-se produtos de sensoriamento remoto em escala multitemporal, com perspectivas temporais em que se pode trabalhar e entender as rupturas de paradigmas em diferentes momentos históricos. Para isso, foram feitas análises em um levantamento aerofotogramétrico, adquirido pelo Exército Brasileiro, na Escala 1:75.000 do ano de 1964, análises em Imagens de Satélite Landsat TM7, do ano de 1996 e Imagens de Satélite QuickBird do ano de 2010. Portanto, esse trabalho propôs uma análise em escala multitemporal no processo de urbanização dos balneários do Hermenegildo e da Barra do Chuí, para um melhor entendimento do porquê dos problemas com as construções residenciais na faixa frontal ao Oceano Atlântico, que tem levando muitos moradores a perda total de suas residências. Verificou-se que a evolução dos percentuais de ocupação urbana nos balneários do Hermenegildo e da Barra do Chuí foi bastante significativa, sendo o que os dois balneários apresentaram crescimento mais elevado nas três primeiras décadas analisadas e ainda concluiu-se que no último intervalo da análise os índices de crescimento urbano foram menores para os dois balneários, recomendando-se maiores estudos e monitoramento dos vetores de crescimento urbano para ambos os balneários, com maior atenção para o balneário do Hermenegildo, devido ao grave problema de erosão costeira. / Coastal zones are constantly affected by the pressure process, caused by the human action, which ends up breaking the dominant balance, as well as by the action of the nature, which is mainly related to geologic and climatic factors and to the coastal dynamic. This study aims to analyze the urban occupation evolution process along Santa Vitória do Palmar coastline, especially Balneário do Hermenegildo and Balneário da Barra do Chuí, considering the fact that this specific territory presents lots of problems concerning its urbanization process. For this analysis, images captured by remote sensing were used in a multitemporal scale, trough time perspectives that enable this study to develop and understand the paradigmatic ruptures in different historical periods. In order to do so, different types of images were analyzed, such as the aerial photogrammetric survey, taken by the Brazilian Army, in the 1:75.000 scale of 1964, TM7 Landsat Satellite Images, taken in 1996, and QuickBird Satellite Images, taken in 2010. Therefore, this study promoted an analysis in a multitemporal scale of the urbanization process regarding the territory already mentioned, in order to discover the causes of the problems involving residential constructions located on the frontal area of the Atlantic Ocean, which might be the reason why the residents are totally losing their residences. It was found that the development of the urban occupation percentage in Balneário do Hermenegildo and Balneário da Barra do Chuí was very significant, based upon the fact that both beaches present a notorious increase on the first three analyzed decades and, beyond that, it was concluded that during the last interval of the analysis, the urban growth indices were lower for both, suggesting that this field demands more studies and monitoring of the urban growth vectors for both beaches, attaching particular attention to Balneário do Hermenegildo because of its severe coastal erosion problem.

Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Bibliography: Includes bibliographical references (leaves 208-216). Description: xiv, 216 leaves : maps ; 29 cm.

As zonas costeiras estão em constante processo de pressão, tanto pela ação humana, que acaba rompendo o equilíbrio dominante, como pela ação da natureza, que está ligada principalmente a fatores geológicos, fatores climáticos e à dinâmica costeira. Neste trabalho buscou-se analisar a evolução do processo de ocupação urbana na faixa oceânica no município de Santa Vitória do Palmar, nos balneários do Hermenegildo e da Barra do Chuí, devido ao fato de esse local apresentar problemas em seu processo de urbanização, que se configuram pela falta de planejamento e de ordenamento territorial. Para essa análise, utilizou-se produtos de sensoriamento remoto em escala multitemporal, com perspectivas temporais em que se pode trabalhar e entender as rupturas de paradigmas em diferentes momentos históricos. Para isso, foram feitas análises em um levantamento aerofotogramétrico, adquirido pelo Exército Brasileiro, na Escala 1:75.000 do ano de 1964, análises em Imagens de Satélite Landsat TM7, do ano de 1996 e Imagens de Satélite QuickBird do ano de 2010. Portanto, esse trabalho propôs uma análise em escala multitemporal no processo de urbanização dos balneários do Hermenegildo e da Barra do Chuí, para um melhor entendimento do porquê dos problemas com as construções residenciais na faixa frontal ao Oceano Atlântico, que tem levando muitos moradores a perda total de suas residências. Verificou-se que a evolução dos percentuais de ocupação urbana nos balneários do Hermenegildo e da Barra do Chuí foi bastante significativa, sendo o que os dois balneários apresentaram crescimento mais elevado nas três primeiras décadas analisadas e ainda concluiu-se que no último intervalo da análise os índices de crescimento urbano foram menores para os dois balneários, recomendando-se maiores estudos e monitoramento dos vetores de crescimento urbano para ambos os balneários, com maior atenção para o balneário do Hermenegildo, devido ao grave problema de erosão costeira. / Coastal zones are constantly affected by the pressure process, caused by the human action, which ends up breaking the dominant balance, as well as by the action of the nature, which is mainly related to geologic and climatic factors and to the coastal dynamic. This study aims to analyze the urban occupation evolution process along Santa Vitória do Palmar coastline, especially Balneário do Hermenegildo and Balneário da Barra do Chuí, considering the fact that this specific territory presents lots of problems concerning its urbanization process. For this analysis, images captured by remote sensing were used in a multitemporal scale, trough time perspectives that enable this study to develop and understand the paradigmatic ruptures in different historical periods. In order to do so, different types of images were analyzed, such as the aerial photogrammetric survey, taken by the Brazilian Army, in the 1:75.000 scale of 1964, TM7 Landsat Satellite Images, taken in 1996, and QuickBird Satellite Images, taken in 2010. Therefore, this study promoted an analysis in a multitemporal scale of the urbanization process regarding the territory already mentioned, in order to discover the causes of the problems involving residential constructions located on the frontal area of the Atlantic Ocean, which might be the reason why the residents are totally losing their residences. It was found that the development of the urban occupation percentage in Balneário do Hermenegildo and Balneário da Barra do Chuí was very significant, based upon the fact that both beaches present a notorious increase on the first three analyzed decades and, beyond that, it was concluded that during the last interval of the analysis, the urban growth indices were lower for both, suggesting that this field demands more studies and monitoring of the urban growth vectors for both beaches, attaching particular attention to Balneário do Hermenegildo because of its severe coastal erosion problem.

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Herlander da Mata Fernandes Lima / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Energia, 2017. / Na qualidade de maior porto da América Latina, o Porto de Santos vem sendo submetido à contínua expansão de suas atividades. A dissertação tem como objetivo analisar o contexto nacional e internacional no que concerne à política, planos e programas de ação para proteção marítima e zona costeira contra o derramamento de hidrocarbonetos (oil spill) e derivados como subsídio para propor uma ferramenta de gestão integrada de riscos de derramamento de hidrocarbonetos e derivados (HD) na zona costeira como consequência da atividade portuária. A metodologia contempla a revisão bibliográfica e síntese do estado atual do conhecimento, inventariação das atividades portuárias, uso de métodos quantitativos e qualitativos (aplicação de questionário semi-estruturado) para avaliação do risco, identificação dos fatores que determinaram o risco, avaliação dos paradigmas do risco (Perigo-Exposição-Vulnerabilidade) e quantificação do risco. O estudo permitiu caracterizar a evolução temporal e a distribuição espacial de acidentes envolvendo o derramamento de HD, identificar os fatores críticos de sucesso de uma ferramenta para gestão de riscos de derramamento de HD e avaliar o risco de derramamento de HD na zona costeira do Porto de Santos/SP. / As the largest in all Latin America, the Port of Santos keeps in continuous expansion of it¿s activities. The dissertation has the objective to analyze the national and international context in regards to legislation, plans and action programs in high seas and the coastal zone of protection against hydrocarbons and derivatives spills (oil spill) as subsidy to purpose a management tool of risks of hydrocarbons and derivatives (HD) spill in the coastal zone, as consequences of port activity. The methodology contemplates the literature review, sinthesys of the current state of knowledge and inventory of port activities, resorting to quantitative and qualitative methods (application of a semi-structured questionnaire) of risk evaluation, identification of the factors that determined the risk, evaluation of the risk paradigms (Danger-Exposure-Vulnerability) and risk¿s quantification. The study permitted to identify a temporal development and spatial distribution of accidents involving the HD spills, the critical factors of success for a management tool of risks of hydrocarbons and derivatives spills in the marine area and evaluate the risk of HD spillage in the coastal zone of the Port of Santos / SP.

As preocupações com a integridade e o equilíbrio ambiental das regiões costeiras decorrem do fato de serem as mais ameaçadas do planeta, justamente por representarem para as sociedades humanas um elo de ligação e de intensa troca de mercadorias entre si, com a exploração desordenada e muitas vezes predatória de seus recursos naturais, tornado-se, já na era industrial o principal local de lazer, turismo ou moradia de grandes massas de populações urbanos. A vocação de uso de determinada paisagem esta relacionada às funções que a mesma desempenha. O que ocorre é que o padrão de desenvolvimento adotado e a atual configuração sócio-econômica determinam usos que nem sempre coincidem com a sua melhor utilização. A fim de subsidiar futuros planos de uso e ocupação racional do solo das áreas naturais adjacentes ao Balneário Cassino (Rio Grande, RS), de acordo com os preceitos do Gerenciamento Costeiro Integrado, desenvolveu-se um Dianóstico Sócio-Ambiental da área dentro de abordagem sistêmica. Foram considerados principais componentes e processos urbanos e ambientais, definidos a partir da interpretação de aerofotografias, levantamentos de campo quali-quantitativos e informações bibliográficas. Os resultados são apresentados na forma de tabelas, quadros, levantamentos fotográficos, modelos diagramáticos conceituais, e mapas temáticos, que permitiram entender a organização estrutural e funcional da paisagem, e fundamentar uma ordenação espacial dos usos desta área, de modo a adequá-los às suas especificidades ambientais, histórico-culturais, sócio-econômicas e legais. / The integrity and the environmental equilibrium of coastal zones are increasingly becoming a concern to environmental scientists. Coastal environments are one of the most threatened in the world. Besides, they represent, to the human societies, a link of connection and intense exchange of merchandise amongst each other, with disordered and, at many times, predatory exploration, becoming, already at the industrial age, a main site of leisure, tourism and habitation of large masses of urban population. The vocation of a determined landscape is related to the functions and roles it plays. What actually occurs is that the development pattern adopted and the actual socio-economics determine the uses, which not always coincide with its best utilization. In order to assist future plans of rational use and occupation of natural areas adjacent to Cassino's Bathing Resort (Rio Grande, RS), in agreement with the Integrated Coastal Zone Management, a social-environmental diagnosis of the study site was developed using the systemic approach. The main environmental and urban processes and components were considered. They were defined based on aerophotos interpretation, quail-quantitative field survey and bibliographic information. The results, presented in the form of tables, photographic surveys, conceptual diagrammatic models and thematic maps, allowed to understand the structural and functional organization of the landscape and to establish a spatial ordering of land use to adequate them to their environmental, historic-social, socioeconomics and legal specificities.

La situation des mangroves dans le monde reste préoccupante malgré la prise de conscience de leur rôle dans le maintien de la biodiversité côtière. Les pratiques non durables de l’aquaculture extensive sont toujours majoritairement mises en cause. Le besoin d’une meilleure gestion côtière se fait sentir depuis une vingtaine d’années. Il faut reconnaitre que les avancées restent insuffisantes, particulièrement en Indonésie. Ce travail de thèse a été réalisé dans le cadre du projet INDESO. Ses objectifs étaient de décrire les changements dans les mangroves en termes de superficie, de structuration ou de composition spécifique afin d’étudier, à fine échelle spatiale, la diversité des peuplements de palétuviers, leur capacité de régénération et les tendances d’évolution de l’écosystème. Pour cela, j’ai utilisé 28 images satellitaires de télédétection optique à très haute résolution spatiale (THRS) acquises dans la période de 2001 à 2015 sur deux sites d’étude, Bali, Indonésie. J’ai participé aux inventaires forestiers et à l’identification des espèces de palétuviers du stade plantule au stade adulte. J’ai procédé par analyse visuelle des images pour différencier les plantations de palétuviers des forêts naturelles. J’ai examiné les différences entre les signatures spectrales des différentes formations de palétuviers en fonction des configurations angulaires. J’ai réalisé sur chaque image une classification supervisée qui m’a permis de comptabiliser avec une précision de quelques mètres carrés la superficie occupée par les mangroves et d’évaluer la robustesse d’une cartographie à fine échelle de zonations de mangroves.Les résultats obtenus sur l’estuaire du Perancak dégradé par l’aquaculture montrent que la surface de mangrove augmente après 2001 mais que les pratiques de plantations dans cette région n’ont rien à voir avec la réhabilitation de mangroves. Des différences majeures entre plantations et forêts naturelles existent. Ces plantations sont des cultures à très forte densité de Rhizophora, alors que les faciès naturels sont dominés par Avicennia et Sonneratia. Nos résultats montrent que la capacité de régénération dans ces plantations reste très inférieure à celle observée dans les forêts naturelles et que, si régénération il y a, c’est avec des plantules des espèces natives. A partir de l’analyse des imges, nous avons identifié les 136 bassins qui ont fait l’objet de plantations et donné l’année du semis. Le suivi de l’évolution du nombre de pixels classés ‘mangrove’ à l’intérieur de chaque bassin planté montre une grande variabilité des taux d’expansion sur 14 ans, ceci suggérant des conditions environnementales spécifiques à chaque bassin et donc l’inconséquence des pratiques généralisées de plantations à Rhizophora. Enfin, les capacités de colonisation des espèces natives y compris à l’intérieur de certains bassins semblent avérées dans cet estuaire pourtant très fragmenté. Les résultats obtenus sur les mangroves protégées de la région de Nusa Lembongan montrent le potentiel des images multi-spectrales satellitaires THRS pour cartographier différentes zonations de mangroves. Ce potentiel de discrimination est observé assez stable au cours du temps entre 4 espèces. Toutefois, des configurations angulaires avec un soleil de face ou un angle de visée proche de la verticale pourraient générer de la confusion notamment sur les peuplements à canopée ouverte. Nous avons obtenu probablement les premières cartes de mangrove de Nusa Lembongan qui montrent la complexité des zonations forestières et soutiennent l’enjeu de leur protection.L’ensemble de mon travail plaide pour une meilleure interprétation physique de la variabilité des signatures spectrales et texturales de mangrove. Il fournit des recommandations comme la nécessité d’un moratoire sur les monocultures à Rhizophora et des méthodes simples, embryons de futurs observatoires locaux pour l’évaluation et le suivi des plans de gestion côtière mis en place. / The situation of world’s mangroves remains a matter of concern, despite the public awareness about their role in the sustainability of coastal biodiversity. Extensive and intensive aquaculture practies are mainly called into question. The need for a better integrated coastal zone management arises since a couple of decades. It must be recognized that progress is insufficient especially in Indonesia.The present PhD work has been carried out in the frame of the INDESO project. The objective was to describe mangrove changes in terms of area expansion, forest structure and species composition before studying, at fine scales, the diversity of mangrove stands, their regeneration capacity and the evolution trends of the whole ecosystem in a given region.In order to achieve this aim, i used 28 very high spatial resolution (VHSR) optical satellite images aquired between 2001 and 2015. I also participated in forest inventories and species identification from the seedling to the adult stages. I visually analysed the set of images for allowing the discrimination of planted mangroves from natural ones. I examined the influence of acquisition geometry parameters on the variability of mangrove spectral signatures. Thanks to supervised maximum likelihood classifications, I succeeded in evaluating the expansion area of mangrove with an accurracy of few square meters and I proceeded in assessing the robustness of fine scale mapping of mangrove zonations.Results obtained in the analysis of the Perancak estuary highlighted that mangrove area is expanding since 2001. The plantation practices were however presented as disrespectful of any sustainable management plan. Indeed, our simple field data indicated strong differences between mangrove plantations and natural forests. Plantations were shown to be cultures of only Rhizophora species with high planting density whereas natural forest stands are composed of Sonneratia and Avicennia mangrove trees. In addition, we highlighted that the regeneration capacity in planted areas remains very lower than the ones clearly observed in natural areas. Moreover, the only regenetive process in plantations seems to be with native species and not with the planted ones. From the analysis of the VHSR images, we identified aquaculture ponds that were planted and their planting year. Consequently, we suceeded in monitoring the mangrove expansion inside every planted pond. Important variability of expansion rate was pointed out, this suggesting contrasting environments in each pond and the inadequacy of cultures of Rhizophora everywhere. The observation of natural colonization in many areas of the estuary, pond floors included, was an interesting point to mention.Besides, results obtained in the study of the protected mangrove region of Nusa Lembongan assessed the potential of multispectral VHSR satellite images for mapping mangrove zonations. Four mangrove zonations mainly dominated by different species exhibit signatures that can be differentiated over years. Different image acquisition parameters may, however, generate confusion in classification. This is particularyly true when forest stands with open canopies are observed with sun frontward or with a near vertical viewing angle because of sun light interaction with the clear waters. We probably obtained the first detailed maps of mangrove zonations in the region. They showed a complex spatial organization of mangrove zonations.The whole of my work advocated for further remote sensing works aiming at the physical interpretation of spectral and textural signatures of mangroves. It provided recommendations such as a moratorium onf Rhizophora plantation and simple methods that will be, we hope, starting points for closing the knowledge gap that hampers monitoring of future coastal zone management plans.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:08:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IracemaMS_ate_cap2.pdf: 1884738 bytes, checksum: 04a372407b9d63ca84991f620a13d93b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-04-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The work concerns on the evolutionary study of the environmental conditions of the coastal area of Guamar?-RN, where was investigated the geo-environmental transformation occourred in this region, whose primordial purpose was to diagnose the changes verified in the temporary space of five decades (1950 to 2001). With the objective of evaluanting the action of the active coastal processes (currents, waves, tides and winds), in order to understand the generating mechanisms of the erosion/sedimentation, evidenced by constant morphologic changes. The adopted methodological procedure consisted of a succession of stages, involving bibliographical and cartographic study, aereal photographs study, digital treatment of images, field work (sample collection, beaches profiles, characterization of the beach environment and morfodynamics), mapping correction and laboratory analyses (granulometry). The evolutionary study of the morphologic features indicated significant variations in the studied period, mainly, in the dunes, sea terraces, variation of the shore line and tidal flat, evidencing the largest transformations in the temporary space between 1988 and 2001. The analyses of the beach profiles showed a sedimentation tendency in the area of the profiles P1, P2 and P3, however in the monitored pediod, it was observed in the referred profiles, erosive and depositionals intervals evidencing a need of more effective monitoring. The results of the granulometric analyses indicate a predominance of mean to coarse sand in the backshore and estirancy area, as in the shoreface, the analyses indicated medium to fine sand. The morfodynamic state, showed that beach of Minhoto is intermediate state, with alternancy to reflective. The areas of larger vulnerability and sensibility are the tidal flat, shore line, barrier island and mobile dunes, that actually is suffering great environmental impact with expansion of the carcinoculture, urban presence and natural impacts (erosion of the shoreline) / O trabalho versa sobre o estudo evolutivo das condi??es ambientais da regi?o costeira de Guamar?-RN, onde foi investigada a transforma??o geoambiental ocorrida nesta regi?o, cuja finalidade primordial foi diagnosticar as mudan?as verificadas no espa?o temporal de cinco d?cadas (1950 a 2000). Com objetivo de avaliar a a??o dos processos costeiros atuantes (correntes, ondas, mar?s e ventos), a fim de compreender os mecanismos geradores da eros?o e sedimenta??o, evidenciadas por constantes mudan?as morfol?gicas. O procedimento metodol?gico adotado consistiu em uma sucess?o de etapas envolvendo levantamento bibliogr?fico e cartogr?fico, fotointerpreta??o, tratamento digital de imagens, levantamento de campo (coleta de amostra, perfis praiais, caracteriza??o do ambiente praial e hidrodin?mica), corre??o de mapeamento e an?lises laboratoriais (granulometria). O estudo evolutivo das fei??es morfol?gicas indicou varia??es significativas no per?odo estudado, principalmente, nas dunas, terra?os marinhos, varia??o da linha de praia e plan?cie de mar?, evidenciando as maiores transforma??es no espa?o temporal entre 1988 e 2001. As an?lises dos perfis de praia mostraram uma tend?ncia sedimenta??o na ?rea dos perfis P1, P2 e P3, entretanto, no per?odo monitorado, observou-se nos referidos perfis, intervalos erosivos e deposicionais evidenciando uma necessidade de monitoramento por um per?odo maior. Os resultados das an?lises granulom?tricas indicam uma predomin?ncia de areia m?dia a grossa no p?s-praia e zona de estir?ncio, quanto na antepraia, as an?lises indicaram areia media a fina. O estado morfodin?mico, mostrou que a praia do Minhoto encontra-se em estado intermedi?rio, com altern?ncia a reflectivo. As ?reas de maior vulnerabilidade e sensibilidade s?o as plan?cies de mar?, linha de praia, ilha barreira e dunas m?veis, que atualmente v?m sofrendo grande impacto ambiental com expans?o da carcinicultura, presen?a urbana e impacto natural (eros?o da linha de praia)

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:10:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaBCM_DISSERT.pdf: 3568560 bytes, checksum: e8d1ee58c0b8e3236e2250bab1c9b2e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / With process urbanization process the Brazilian cities have been goin through, Natal/RN does not differ from the other ones, it has had a fast, inordinate and planned urbanization, but not applied, it has caused a high increase of social environmental problems. One of the worrying problems observed is the change in the coastal landscape, which has caused serious damage to the city‟s population, more specifically, of Ponta Negra beach neighborhood. For the geographical studies, the issue, concerning the occupation of the beaches that has been getting higher and higher in the last decades is extremely important because these, in addition to being used as homes in the new urban configuration, have incorporated new ways of environmental interference, without a simultaneous advance of knowledge which would be necessary for a more suitable and rational use of litoral spaces. Thus, the current assignment aimed to focus the coastal landscape of Ponta Negra Beach, in the city of Natal/RN, checking and analyzing the effects caused by anthropic and natural action, and the way it reflects in the quality of life of the resident, working population and of the frequenters as well as the landscape transformations in the area which is object of study, from 1970 through 2010. The methodology used followed to stages, the first concerned the theoretical work bibliographic surveying and composition; and second one the empirical work marking of the environmental characterization and application of the questionnaires. So, we can measure that Ponta Negra, is very susceptible to environmental changes, the ones caused by the natural dynamics of the beach, as well as the human actions (society) in this really fragile and mutable space, so it needs, a more profound systematic study about the coastal landscape. In order to reach a minimization of the change of the landscapes in the coastal zones there must be an integrated management of the environments, based on the planning of actions and territorial reordination of the occupations of these so important spaces, environmentally, as well as socioeconomically. Whereas, only this way, we will have a sustentable development and a suitable use of that space / Com o processo de urbaniza??o que as cidades brasileiras vem passando, Natal/RN n?o foge a regra das demais, tendo ocorrido uma urbaniza??o acelerada, desordenada e planejada por?m n?o aplicada, vem provocando um elevado aumento dos problemas socioambientais. Um dos preocupantes problemas verificados ? a mudan?a na paisagem costeira, que tem causado s?rios danos ? popula??o da cidade, mais, especificamente, do bairro de Ponta Negra. Para os estudos geogr?ficos, a quest?o da ocupa??o das praias que vem se intensificando nas ?ltimas d?cadas, ? de grande import?ncia, pois estes, al?m de servirem de moradia na nova configura??o urbana, t?m incorporado novas formas de interfer?ncia ambiental, sem que haja ao mesmo tempo o avan?o do conhecimento necess?rio para um uso mais adequado e racional dos espa?os litor?neos. Com isso, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal estudar a paisagem costeira da Praia de Ponta Negra, na cidade de Natal/RN, verificar e analisar os efeitos causados pela a??o antr?pica e natural, e como isto reflete na qualidade de vida da popula??o residente, trabalhadora e dos freq?entadores e tamb?m as transforma??es da paisagem da ?rea objeto de estudo, desde 1970 at? 2010. A metodologia utilizada seguiu duas etapas, a primeira correspondeu ao trabalho de gabinete levantamento bibliogr?fico e reda??o textual; e a segunda, ao trabalho emp?rico realiza??o da caracteriza??o ambiental e a aplica??o dos question?rios. Podemos ent?o, mensurar que Ponta Negra, est? muito suscept?vel as mudan?as ambientais, tanto ocasionadas pela din?mica natural da praia, quanto das a??es humanas sobre esse espa?o bastante fr?gil e mut?vel, necessitando assim, de um estudo sistem?tico mais aprofundado sobre a paisagem costeira. Para que haja uma minimiza??o da altera??o das paisagens nas zonas costeiras ? preciso que tenha uma gest?o integrada dos ambientes, com base no planejamento das a??es e no (re) ordenamento territorial das ocupa??es desses espa?os t?o importantes, tanto ambientalmente, quanto s?cio-economicamente. Pois, s? assim, teremos um desenvolvimento sustent?vel e um uso adequado desse espa?o

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:03:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FlaviaJOS_DISSERT.pdf: 4545254 bytes, checksum: 8007b71d878dc66ff6976e4134e566bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-01 / The interaction between land and water, resulting from dynamic agents, such as wind, waves and tides, characterizes the coastal zone as a dynamic environment that is constantly disturbed and that may alter the balance of natural and man-made environment. Such modifications may be intensified when considering the climate change. This environment is highly attractive for the development of economic activities and urbanization, current scenario of the city of Natal. Weighing the economic importance for the state and the physical environment in which the capital of Rio Grande do Norte is inserted, this study aims to identify and analyze vulnerabilities and impacts caused by the rising sea level in the municipality. To that end, we defined a coastline, delimited areas susceptible to flooding and presented some flood scenarios. This way we could identify and analyze the impacts of each flood scenario in its respective section. Finally, it appears that the coastal zone in which Natal is inserted is a fragile area that requires actions aimed at mitigating vulnerabilities and facing the problem that caused the rise in the mean sea level (MSL), and mitigating the presented vulnerability framework; it is necessary to implement actions that effectively contribute to the protection and adaptation of the most fragile areas / A intera??o entre terra, ?gua que resultam em agentes din?micos, como por exemplo, ventos, ondas e mar?s caracteriza a zona costeira como um ambiente din?mico que, constantemente, sofre perturba??es que podem alterar o equil?brio natural e antr?pico do meio. Tais modifica??es podem ser intensificadas quando considerados os eventos relacionados ?s mudan?as clim?ticas. ? neste espa?o que se verifica o enorme atrativo para desenvolvimento de atividades econ?micas e urbaniza??o, cen?rio no qual se encontra o munic?pio de Natal. Ponderando a relev?ncia econ?mica para o estado e o meio f?sico na qual a capital do RN est? inserida o presente trabalho objetiva identificar e analisar as vulnerabilidades e impactos provocados pela eleva??o do n?vel m?dio do mar no munic?pio. Para tanto, foi definida uma linha de costa, delimitado trechos suscept?veis ?s zonas de inunda??o e apresentados alguns cen?rios de inunda??o. Com isso, puderam ser identificado e analisado cada cen?rio de inunda??o, em seu respectivo trecho, os impactos provocados. Por fim, verifica-se que a zona costeira na qual Natal est? inserida ? um espa?o fr?gil que necessita de a??es que visem mitigar as vulnerabilidades existentes e que para encarar a problem?tica decorrente da eleva??o do NMM e a mitiga??o do quadro de vulnerabilidade apresentado, faz-se necess?ria a aplica??o de medidas pol?ticas e a??es que contribuam, de forma eficaz, para a prote??o e adapta??o das ?reas mais fr?geis

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / The coastline is a dynamic environment and its constant morphodynamic adjustments resulting from natural and human processes. The municipality of Icapuà is situated at the eastern end of the state of Cearà - Brazil, has approximately 45 km of coastline and is one of the most complex environmental systems of CearÃ, with varying morphologies of Quaternary origin, which are preserved stretches and impacts of human actions. The main objective of this research is to analyze the evolution timeline (1987-2014) of the coastline of IcapuÃ, analyzing in an integrated manner the local coastal dynamics. The research was conducted in five main stages: bibliographic and cartographic survey, field work, preparation and database analysis in GIS, the diagnosis of evolution with the development of cartographic products and projection scenarios. The coastal plain was compartmentalized into three sectors studies (west, central and east) and used four mathematical and statistical procedures extension "Digital Shoreline Analysis System 4.3" (DSAS) for ArcGIS 10.1, which allowed to compare the shorelines multitemporal extracted from remote sensors products through a base line and transects spaced 500 m apart. It was possible to estimate in meters, considering the clip timeline, the maximum variation (NSM), the absolute variation (SCE), the mean annual change (EPR) and annual linear regression trend (LRR). Assigns to the coastline five classes according to the processes identified in the sections, as follows: progradation continuous, mo*derate progradation and / or semi-relative stability, moderate erosion and / or semi-continuous and continuous erosion. It was evident that the most relevant progradational and erosive processes are present in the western sectors, subsectors erosion Retiro Grande, Redonda and Peroba with trends of -0.5 to -4 m / year, and central sectors with significant decreases in Barreiras da Sereia subsectors and Barrinha, that a decline of up to 115 meters in 27 years and trends between -1.2 and -4.5 m / year, with varying social and environmental impacts, while the eastern sector showed relative stability. From this, it was possible to discuss containment strategies erosion, project possible evolutionary scenarios and suggest directions for planning and management of the coastal zone of the municipality. / A linha de costa à um ambiente dinÃmico e os seus constantes ajustes morfodinÃmicos resultam de processos naturais e humanos. O MunicÃpio de Icapuà està localizado no extremo leste do Estado do Cearà - Brasil, possui aproximadamente 45 km de linha de costa e representa um dos mais complexos sistemas ambientais do litoral cearense, com variadas morfologias de origem QuaternÃria, trechos relativamente conservados e impactos decorrentes das aÃÃes humanas. O objetivo principal desta pesquisa à analisar a evoluÃÃo espaÃotemporal (1987-2014) da linha de costa de IcapuÃ, considerando de forma integrada a dinÃmica costeira local. A pesquisa foi realizada em cinco etapas principais: o levantamento bibliogrÃfico e cartogrÃfico, os trabalhos de campo, a elaboraÃÃo e anÃlise de banco de dados em SIG, o diagnÃstico da evoluÃÃo com a elaboraÃÃo de produtos cartogrÃficos e a projeÃÃo de cenÃrios. Segmentou-se a planÃcie litorÃnea em trÃs setores de estudos (oeste, central e leste) e foram aplicados quatro procedimentos matemÃticos e estatÃsticos da extensÃo Digital Shoreline Analysis System 4.3 (DSAS) para o ArcGIS 10.1, que permitiram comparar as linhas de costa multitemporais extraÃdas de produtos sensores remotos por meio de uma linha de base e transectos espaÃados em 500 metros entre si. Possibilitou-se estimar em metros, considerando o recorte espaÃotemporal, a variaÃÃo mÃxima (NSM), a variaÃÃo absoluta (SCE), a mÃdia de variaÃÃo anual (EPR) e a tendÃncia anual de regressÃo linear (LRR). AtribuÃram-se à linha de costa cinco classes conforme os processos identificados nos trechos, sendo eles: progradaÃÃo contÃnua, progradaÃÃo moderada e/ou semicontÃnua, relativa estabilidade, erosÃo moderada e/ou semicontÃnua e erosÃo contÃnua. Evidenciou-se que os processos progradacionais e erosivos mais relevantes se encontram nos setores oeste, com erosÃo nos subsetores Retiro Grande, Redonda e Peroba, com tendÃncias de -0,5 a -4 m/ano, e central com recuos significativos nos subsetores Barreiras da Sereia e Barrinha, essa com recuo de atà 115 metros em 27 anos e tendÃncias entre -1,2 e -4,5 m/ano, desencadeando variados impactos socioambientais, enquanto o setor leste denotou relativa estabilidade. Com suporte nisso, foi possÃvel discutir as estratÃgias de contenÃÃo da erosÃo, projetar possÃveis cenÃrios evolutivos e sugerir direcionamentos para o planejamento e a gestÃo da zona costeira do municÃpio.