The aim of this paper is to examine GIS in municipalities within Norrbotten and Västerbotten. This involves examining the GIS use in the municipalities. It also involves an investigation of how cooperation between the municipalities works and could develop in the future. This study is based on the NorrGIS inventory of GIS from 2021. This paper is based on a quantitative research method with a questionnaire that has been sent out to representatives within the GIS operations in the municipalities. Competence and resources within GIS are limited within the municipalities which may be based on size and resource assets. GIS use differs between municipalities and many of the GIS operations within the municipalities need to be improved. A major problem is that the competence within the municipalities is not sufficient. There is also cooperation within GIS tools and many of the municipalities have GeoSecma as the main tool. Furthermore, GIS collaboration is needed to use GIS full potential. A collaboration may be a necessity for smaller municipalities to overcome obstacles that GIS use entails. A large part of the obstacles for GIS lies at the political level, which can be a difficult challenge to manage. Human resources and technical resources are considered affordable, the problem lies in how decision-makers choose to allocate resources. The political level places limitations on possible cooperation. Despite limitations in both political ambition and competence, the result displays a need for collaboration within the municipalities. Another problem is the responsibility for cooperation. Who has the final responsibility for GIS-collaboration to function optimally?

No / Analysis of existing literature reveals the growing need to tackle the issue of unified data dissemination. Where this issue has been given some focus, the outreach has been more or less limited to similar systems (i.e. cross-instance collaboration) and no particular focus has been applied on the problem of exposing this data or knowledge to third parties (i.e. cross-vendor collaboration). This paper proposes an integration of semantic technologies within the Web of Things based on the concept and principles of the Service-Oriented Architecture to realize a distributed and semi-autonomous collaboration framework that is capable of offering cross-vendor information exchange and collaboration facilities. Powered by a semantic engine and exposed as a web application with a RESTful API, the generic framework realizes an extensible knowledge management and exchange system that accounts for the dynamic landscape in business-centric Web of Things applications. Disaster management is taken as a potential application scenario to critically analyse and evaluate the system prototype and show that the asset model for the proposed framework is sufficiently capable of meeting the modern-day and next-generation collaboration needs in a world of ever-increasing cross-vendor information sharing.

Research is crucial for expanding the boundaries of what is known, driving innovation, and solving problems faced by communities. It is carried out across all sectors of society by all matter of institutions. Academic research is one such sector that contributes to a plethora of disciplines. Research often compels collaboration among researchers, and as with any team, the dynamics and outcomes are affected by the individuals who contribute to the research. For instance, researchers can be from different institutions; therefore research teams can differ in collaboration distance -- the geographic distance between the organizations of authors. In a similar vein, facets of individual researchers may impact their collaboration patterns. Two such known sources of difference are gender and an author's measured impact. This thesis investigates differences in geographic collaboration distance and correlations between impact and network metrics based on the inferred gender of authors from the California Public University system. In particular, this thesis uses publication data primarily from the area of computing with contributions from authors of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo and University of California schools. From this data, two collaboration networks are constructed with one used to calculate two measurements of collaboration distance for each author -- distance of individual collaborations and reach of collaborations over time -- and the other to calculate network metrics by author impact. This thesis provides evidence suggesting a differences in collaboration distance over time and network metrics of inferred female and male authors. These differences tend to favor male authors.

The purpose of this study was to examine the essential elements of a community of practice intended to increase communication and collaboration between traditional public and charter school leaders. Members of the Los Angeles Cohort of the School Leaders Network participated in this study. This case study triangulated observation, interview, and document review data to identify the factors that were most beneficial to this particular community of practice. Drawing on the research of communities of practice, constructivism, and leadership theory, these factors were articulated into five domains with the hope that, with further research, this framework could influence the creation of additional communities of practice between traditional public and charter school leaders. This framework, including indicators and action steps to aid in creating a community of practice, identified five key factors: knowledge, relationships, authenticity, constructivism, and leadership. The convergence of these five domains pointed to two key take-aways: Communities of practice must create a risk-free environment in which sharing can occur so that participants can use storytelling as a vehicle for the exchange of ideas. Essential in creating this environment is the influence of a skilled facilitator who can drive these conversations. Ultimately, in sharing stories and building community, these communities of practice are meant to further the cause of a socially just education for all students regardless of the type of schools they attend.

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the theatrical landscape, prompting theatre artists to reinvent how they connect with audiences and each other in physical spaces. While research has delved into post-pandemic theatre making, much of this area remains unexplored, particularly concerning young people, how the loss of community has impacted them, and what society can do to help. This thesis investigates how professional directors and dramaturgs can effectively engage young people in theatre making post-pandemic by drawing on three specific productions — Camelot and Camelittle, WROL (Without Rule of Law), and Alice and the Wonderland Parties. Utilizing theories drawn from The Art of Active Dramaturgy by Lenora Inez Brown and Directing Young People in Theatre by Samantha Lane — this thesis examines how dramaturgical collaboration can be implemented to foster community and positive relationships among young participants in the theatre-making process. The research in this thesis argues that by employing dramaturgical collaboration in the production process, young people can form meaningful connections with their peers, combating the isolation experienced during the pandemic. Beyond the pandemic context, this type of collaboration offers young people avenues for deeper engagement with the theatrical text itself. This thesis contributes to the discourse on post-pandemic theatre-making by providing practical insights into cultivating connection and community among young participants. It highlights the importance of dramaturgical collaboration as an enrichment tool in theatre making and fostering meaningful relationships in a post-pandemic world.

In today's rapidly evolving business landscape, the synergy between deep tech startups and large corporations has become a critical driver for disruptive innovation. This thesis investigates the dynamics of these collaborations and seeks to create a comprehensive framework that promotes effective partnerships. Existing frameworks for collaboration and asymmetric collaboration between companies often fall short of providing practical solutions. This study is conducted in a qualitative and abductive manner with a focus on three theoretical perspectives, Open innovation, Asymmetric collaboration, and deep tech. The theory has been used to create a framework with key areas and phases. The framework was then filled with key activities identified through analysis of the empirical data which was collected by interviewing professionals within startup collaboration. Finally, conclusions were drawn based on the analysis of the findings. The conclusions drawn in this study are that the collaboration process can be broken down into 3 distinct phases: Identification & Evaluation, Integration & Internal Matchmaking, and Execution. Further three key areas affecting the collaboration process were identified: Organisation & Culture, Communication & Interaction, and Strategy. Lastly, 26 key activities within different phases and areas were identified.

Throughout secondary education, students are given opportunities to hone their leadership and collaboration skills with one another. Unfortunately, these opportunities are few and far between in the elementary school classroom. Since there are few leadership curriculum options available for teachers of elementary students, this study attempts to offer a fourth grade curriculum on leadership and collaboration within the context of the social studies curriculum. The study is comprised of a piece of historical fiction, journal prompts, and group activities. The text taught students about the colonization of Jamestown with a unique focus on collaboration between the Native Americans and Jamestown colonists. Small groups of students worked together to complete group activities where they were able to improve upon their ability to collaborate. This thesis provides insight toward the need for leadership curriculum in the elementary classroom and one curricular option with which to do so.

[ES] Las Startups de Base Tecnológica (SBT) son nuevas empresas emprendedoras lanzadas típicamente por un equipo con el propósito de llevar productos o servicios innovadores al mercado y lograr la escalabilidad de sus modelos de negocios. Hoy en día, se reconoce ampliamente que las SBT desempeñan un papel muy importante en la economía como fuente de innovaciones disruptivas y radicales y en la creación de nuevos empleos. Sin embargo, la mayoría de las TBS se enfrentan a retos significativos asociados con conflictos que surgen entre los miembros del equipo y con cambios en el entorno, aspectos que afectan a su rendimiento de innovación y supervivencia. De hecho, a pesar de la potencial novedad de sus productos y servicios, muchas SBT fracasan e incluso desaparecen y con ellas también sus innovaciones. En esta tesis proponemos el concepto de "Capacidades de Colaboración en Equipo" (CCE) referido a la interacción entre los miembros del equipo de una SBT como una condición organizativa esencial que permite la construcción de nuevas capacidades dinámicas estratégicas. En concreto, la tesis se centra en la relación entre CCE, capacidades operativas y resultados en innovación. Consideramos cuatro elementos como las dimensiones principales de las CCE, que comprenden: la confianza, la comunicación, la resolución de problemas y la eficacia del equipo. En primer lugar, la confianza del equipo, que les permite estar abiertos a compartir sus ideas, tener confianza y expresar sus sentimientos y comentarios constructivos. En segundo lugar, la comunicación, que consiste en fomentar el intercambio abierto de ideas e información que beneficien a los proyectos y a la organización. En tercer lugar, la resolución de problemas, que fomenta el establecimiento de protocolos para dar solución a los desacuerdos que puedan surgir a diario. En cuarto lugar, la eficacia del equipo para lograr los objetivos, resolver tareas difíciles a través del esfuerzo conjunto, gestionar problemas inesperados, ser competente y aumentar la autoeficacia para realizar las tareas y la gestión eficiente de los recursos. El estudio empírico se basa en una encuesta con el objetivo de identificar las CCE y sus relaciones con las capacidades operativas y los resultados en innovación de las SBT. Se obtuvieron 45 respuestas válidas de SBT, en su mayoría empresas que han participado en programas de aceleradoras como STARTUPV, EIT Climate KIC Valencia Accelerator Program y Fundación Repsol Entrepreneurs Fund, Social NEST y el Parque Científico de Madrid. La muestra incluye SBT con actividades centradas en el desarrollo de productos y servicios en una amplia gama de sectores, incluyendo medio ambiente, energías renovables, tecnologías limpias, transporte, consultoría, servicios de gestión industrial, arte, ocio y entretenimiento. Dadas las condiciones particulares de nuestra muestra y el tipo de datos recopilados a través de la encuesta, utilizamos la técnica de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM). Este método permite una estimación basada en componentes para el modelado de causa-efecto con variables latentes. El modelo ha sido estimado utilizando el software Smart PLS 3. Los hallazgos sugieren que el desarrollo de CCE en las SBT contribuye a la creación de nuevas capacidades operativas que resultan en mayores resultados en innovación. Asimismo, proponemos futuras líneas de investigación sobre el papel de las CCE en las colaboraciones externas. Por ejemplo, se podría estudiar la existencia de iniciativas públicas que tengan en cuenta las fases críticas del desarrollo de las SBT, como por ejemplo la promoción de la atracción de talento y el fomento de esquemas de compensación que lo retengan. Finalmente, se plantea estudiar la colaboración entre las SBT y otros agentes externos en proyectos de innovación abierta. Consideramos que estas colaboraciones favorecerían su supervivencia y competitividad. / [CA] Les Startups de Base Tecnològica (SBT) són noves empreses emprenedores llançades típicament per un equip amb el propòsit de portar productes o serveis innovadors al mercat i aconseguir l'escalabilitat dels seus models de negocis. Hui dia, es reconeix àmpliament que les *SBT exerceixen un paper molt important en l'economia com a font d'innovacions disruptivas i radicals i en la creació de noves ocupacions. No obstant això, la majoria de les *TBS s'enfronten a reptes significatius associats amb conflictes que sorgeixen entre els membres de l'equip i amb canvis en l'entorn, aspectes que afecten el seu rendiment d'innovació i supervivència. De fet, malgrat la potencial novetat dels seus productes i serveis, moltes SBT fracassen i fins i tot desapareixen i amb elles també les seues innovacions. En aquesta tesi proposem el concepte de "Capacitats de Col·laboració en Equip" (CCE) referit a la interacció entre els membres de l'equip d'una SBT com una condició organitzativa essencial que permet la construcció de noves capacitats dinàmiques estratègiques. En concret, la tesi se centra en la relació entre CCE, capacitats operatives i resultats en innovació. Considerem quatre elements com les dimensions principals de les CCE, que comprenen: la confiança, la comunicació, la resolució de problemes i l'eficàcia de l'equip. En primer lloc, la confiança de l'equip, que els permet estar oberts a compartir les seues idees, tindre confiança i expressar els seus sentiments i comentaris constructius. En segon lloc, la comunicació, que consisteix a fomentar l'intercanvi obert d'idees i informació que beneficien als projectes i a l'organització. En tercer lloc, la resolució de problemes, que fomenta l'establiment de protocols per a donar solució als desacords que puguen sorgir diàriament. En quart lloc, l'eficàcia de l'equip per a aconseguir els objectius, resoldre tasques difícils a través de l'esforç conjunt, gestionar problemes inesperats, ser competent i augmentar la autoeficacia per a fer les tasques i la gestió eficient dels recursos. L'estudi empíric es basa en una enquesta amb l'objectiu d'identificar les CCE i les seues relacions amb les capacitats operatives i els resultats en innovació de les SBT. Es van obtindre 45 respostes vàlides de SBT, en la seua majoria empreses que han participat en programes d'acceleradores com STARTUPV, EIT Climate KIC València Accelerator Program i Fundació Repsol Entrepreneurs Fund, Social NEST i el Parc Científic de Madrid. La mostra inclou SBT amb activitats centrades en el desenvolupament de productes i serveis en una àmplia gamma de sectors, incloent medi ambient, energies renovables, tecnologies netes, transport, consultoria, serveis de gestió industrial, art, oci i entreteniment. Donades les condicions particulars de la nostra mostra i el tipus de dades recopilades a través de l'enquesta, utilitzem la tècnica de models d'equacions estructurals (SEM). Aquest mètode permet una estimació basada en components per al modelatge de causa-efecte amb variables latents. El model ha sigut estimat utilitzant el programari Smart PLS 3. Les troballes suggereixen que el desenvolupament de CCE en les SBT contribueix a la creació de noves capacitats operatives que resulten en majors resultats en innovació. Així mateix, proposem futures línies d'investigació sobre el paper de les CCE en les col·laboracions externes. Per exemple, es podria estudiar l'existència d'iniciatives públiques que tinguen en compte les fases crítiques del desenvolupament de les SBT, com per exemple la promoció de l'atracció de talent i el foment d'esquemes de compensació que el retinguen. Finalment, es planteja estudiar la col·laboració entre les SBT i altres agents externs en projectes d'innovació oberta. Considerem que aquestes col·laboracions afavoririen la seua supervivència i competitivitat. / [EN] Technology-Based Startups (TBSs) are newly emerged entrepreneurial ventures typically launched by a team with the purpose of bringing innovative products or services to market and achieving the scalability of their business models. Today, it is widely recognized that TBSs play a very important role in the economy as a source of disruptive and radical innovations and creation of new jobs. However, most TBSs face significant challenges associated with conflicts among team members and with changes in the environment, which affect their innovation performance and survival. In fact, despite the potential novelty of their products and services, many TBSs fail and even disappear together with their innovations. In this thesis we propose the concept "Team Collaboration Capabilities" (TCCs) referred to the interaction among TBS team members as an essential organizational condition to allow the construction of new strategic dynamic capabilities. In particular, the thesis focuses on the relationships between TCCs, operational capabilities and innovation performance. We consider four elements as the main dimensions of TCCs: trust, communication, problem solving and team efficacy. Firstly, team trust, which allow team members to be open to sharing their ideas, be confident and expressing their feelings and constructive feed-back. Secondly, team communication that encourages open sharing of ideas about information that favors the commitment between members and benefit the projects and the organization. Thirdly, team problem-solving encouraging the establishment of protocols that give solutions to the disagreements that may arise in the daily basis. Fourthly, team efficacy in achieving teams' goals, solving difficult tasks through joint efforts, manage together unexpected problems, be competent and increase the self-efficacy to perform the tasks and the efficient management of resources. The empirical study is based on a survey of TBSs based in Spain, aimed to the analysis of TCCs and their relationships with the operational capabilities and the TBS innovation performance. We draw on 45 valid responses of TBSs. Most of the companies in our sample were participants in accelerator programs such as STARTUPV, EIT Climate KIC Valencia Accelerator Program, Fundación Repsol Entrepreneurs Fund, Social NEST and Scientific Park of Madrid. The sample covers TBSs with activities focused on the development of products and services in a wide range of sectors, including environment, renewable energies, clean technologies, transport, consulting, industrial management services, art, leisure and entertainment. Given the particular conditions of our sample and the type of data collected through the survey, we use structural equation modeling (SEM). This method allows a component-based estimation for cause-effect modeling with latent variables. The model has been estimated using Smart PLS 3 software. The findings suggest that the development of TCCs in TBSs contribute to building new operational capabilities that result in greater innovation performance. We also propose future lines of research for the role of TCCs in external collaborations. For example, to assess public initiatives that take into account the critical phases of TBSs development, the promotion of talent attraction and the furtherance of compensation schemes that retain it. Finally, it would be interesting to study the collaboration between the TBSs and other external agents in open innovation projects. We believe that these collaborations would favor their survival and competitiveness. / La investigación que condujo a los resultados de esta tesis doctoral fue financiada en su totalidad por mi beca para estudios en el extranjero otorgada en México por el Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT). / Lopez Hernandez, AK. (2019). Team collaboration capabilities as drivers for innovation performance: The case of Spanish technology-based startups [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/121143

À cause des stratégies de production et de marketing de plus en plus ambitieuses tellesque le Juste-À-Temps et la production adaptée au client, les approches de collaboration logistique verticale qui sont courantes atteignent une limite d'efficacité notamment en transport. La collaboration logistique horizontale (CLH) et plus particulièrement la mutualisation, dont l'efficacité a été prouvée dans la littérature et dans les cas réels, a attiré l'attention des chercheurs ainsi que des praticiens. Cependatn, un des obstacles principaux à la mise en œuvre des CLHs est l'absence d'un mécanisme de collaboration raisonné, en particulier un mécanisme de partage des gains. Nous identifions deux formes d'organisation des CLHs : centralisée limité en pratique à de petites coalitions et décentralisée pouvant comprendre de nombreux participants. Pour des CLHs centralisées, nous proposons un modèle de collaboration qui est un processus de conduite qui intègre les outils d'aide à la décision. Nous développons également un mécanisme de partage par la théorie des jeux. Ce mécanisme est applicable aux différentes catégories des CLHs centralisées, qui peuvent être modélisées par des jeux coopératifs super-additif et non-super-additifs. Afin de proposer un plan de partage crédible aux collaborateurs, ce mécanisme de partage prend en compte la contribution de chacun des collaborateurs, la stabilité de la coalition et leur pouvoir de négociation. Ce cadre est illustré par des exemples numériques issus de cas logistiques. Pour la mise en œuvre des CLHs décentralisées, nous proposons un cadre de travail de logistique collaborative qui est ouvert aux participants potentiels, et avons conçu des protocoles fondés sur le mécanisme d'enchère combinatoire, qui spécifient l'allocation de demande de livraison et la détermination de paiement pour faciliter les collaborations. Cette dernière partie s'appuie sur la théorie dite de Mechanism design. / As the result of the more and more ambitious production and marketing strategies,such as Just-In-Time and increasing customization of products, the current vertical logistics collaboration approaches based on single supply chain seems insufficient to achieve further improvements in transportation efficiency. The horizontal logistics collaboration (HLC), which has been proved an effective approach to efficiency improvement, has attracted both academics and practitioners. One of the main barriers to the implementation of HLCs is the lack of feasible collaboration mechanism, in particular the gain sharing mechanism. We identify two organizational forms of HLCs: the centralized and decentralized ones. For centralized HLCs, we propose a collaboration model that is a collaboration conducting process integrating decision-aiding tools to guide the implementation of the collaboration. We also develop a generally applicable game-theoretic sharing mechanism for different categories of centralized HLCs modeled as super-additive and non-super-additive cooperative games. This sharing mechanism takes into account the collaborators' contribution, the coalition stability, and the bargaining power to propose a credible sharing scheme for collaborators. The approach is illustrated by numerical example taken from logistics cases. For the implementation of the decentralized HLCs, we propose an open collaborative logistics framework, and design the system protocols as the collaboration mechanism that specifies the combinatorial-auction-based request allocation and payment determination to foster the collaborations.

In the emerging knowledge economy, scientific pursuit in the form of international collaboration has escalated. Studies consistently report that such collaboration, which has been intensifying in the last several decades, is common among not only advanced economies but also in emerging scientific nations such as China, India, and Brazil. The emergence of a "new invisible college" of international knowledge exchange has aroused interest from social scientists and captured the attention of policymakers. Indeed, recognizing its importance as a means of monitoring and exploiting other countries' R&D investment, more and more countries champion and participate in international joint research. International collaboration between the United States (US) and China is particularly interesting. The US has been and will continue to be the leader in scientific development for the foreseeable future. However, as a rising scientific power, China is changing the global landscape of ideas and innovation along with other emerging countries. The growing significance of the US-China relationship and worldwide interest in China's development suggest that the characteristics of the scientific collaboration of these two countries and its associated knowledge dissemination across national borders are timely topics to study. Surprisingly, few studies have examined research collaboration between a scientific superpower and an emerging scientific power, particularly in the context of emerging state-of-the-art technology. This dissertation seeks to address this research gap by examining patterns of collaboration in the US-China scientific community and its impact on China's rapid knowledge accumulation in nanotechnology, if any, through Chinese knowledge moderators (CKMs)--Chinese scholars who bridge two otherwise distant scientific communities through intensive collaboration with both sides. The research focuses on the following three aspects: firstly, built upon the notions of the boundary spanner and the structural hole, the study develops the concept of Chinese knowledge moderators and uses it as an instrument to examine the relationship between international collaboration and knowledge spillover across national boundaries. Secondly, it operationalizes and tests the impact of US-China collaboration using multiple methods. In addition to citation-based indicators, based on the turnover of nanotechnology keywords, the study investigates the impact of collaborating with US scholars on CKMs' research trajectory and the international knowledge spillover facilitated by CKMs. Thirdly, utilizing a longitudinal publication dataset of 77 CKMs and their CV data, this study is able to quantify the dynamic impact of US collaboration on the quality of CKMs' research over time. The combination of bibliometric analyses, empirical testing, and case studies allows for the development of a comprehensive blueprint of US-China scientific collaboration in the field of nanotechnology. This research yields several significant findings. First, the evolution of US-China collaboration in nanotechnology has gone beyond quantitative growth, as qualitative and structural changes have begun to take place. Secondly, CKMs play a critical role in fostering China's nanotechnology development, manifested in both knowledge creation and knowledge diffusion. The present study also reveals that US-China collaboration has a diminishing effect over time on the research quality of CKMs at level of individual papers, but as pertaining to entire journals. Thirdly, the case studies on the evolution of research streams suggest that US-China collaboration influences the research trajectory of CKMs, who, as the conduits of knowledge, further disseminate it within the national boundaries of China. The research also has policy implications for both sides. Chinese policy makers need to strengthen the mechanisms that encourage CKMs collaborating with the US, and, in order to amplify international knowledge spillover, these mechanisms should further encourage more interactions between CKMs and their Chinese domestic colleagues. From the US American perspective, given China's scientific emergence in nanotechnology, the US should direct its efforts to ensuring its ample access to exploiting the heavy R&D investment of this emerging scientific powerhouse by collaborating with top Chinese scientists.